Introduction
CS rates in Gujarat state India
The Chiranjeevi Yojana public-private partnership program (CY PPP) and CS rates
Rationale
Methods
Study design and study period
Setting
Sampling procedure
Measurements
Analysis
Sample power analysis
Results
Maternal characteristics
Characteristics | All births | C-section No | C-section Yes |
---|---|---|---|
n = 2123 | n = 1959 | n = 164 | |
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |
Age. Mean (SD)a | 24.1 (3.54) | 24.2 (3.58) | 23.4 (2.97) |
Education. Mean (SD) | 5.1 (4.54) | 5.1 (4.53) | 5.5 (4.57) |
Caste a | |||
ST | 860 (40.5) | 829 (42.3) | 31 (18.9) |
SC | 157 (7.4) | 138 (7.0) | 19 (11.6) |
Others | 1106 (52.1) | 992 (50.7) | 114 (69.5) |
Number of pregnancies Mean (SD)a | 1.15 (1.30) | 1.19 (1.32) | 0.71 (0.91) |
Antenatal care visits | |||
3 or more a | 1558 (73.4) | 1418 (72.4) | 140 (85.4) |
BPL card. Yes a | 1920 (90.4) | 1762 (89.9) | 158 (96.3) |
Wealth quintilesa | |||
Lowest | 360 (17.0) | 347 (17.7) | 13 (7.9) |
Low | 383 (18.0) | 364 (18.6) | 19 (11.6) |
Middle | 433 (20.5) | 400 (20.4) | 33 (20.1) |
High | 439 (20.6) | 406 (20.7) | 33 (20.1) |
Highest | 508 (23.9) | 442 (22.6) | 66 (40.3) |
Complications. Yesa | 171 (8.0) | 103 (5.3) | 68 (41.4) |
District a | |||
Dahod | 775 (36.5) | 739 (37.7) | 36 (21.9) |
Sabarkantha | 738 (34.8) | 681 (34.8) | 57 (34.8) |
Surendranagar | 610 (28.7) | 539 (27.5) | 71 (43.3) |
Facility typea | |||
Public | 595 (28.0) | 571 (29.1) | 24 (14.6) |
Private-CY | 1090 (51.4) | 1010 (51.6) | 80 (48.8) |
Private | 438 (20.6) | 378 (19.3) | 60 (36.6) |
CY beneficiary. Yesa | 717 (33.8) | 683 (34.7) | 34 (20.7) |
CS rates among eligible women within and outside the CY program
Predictors of CS rates among vulnerable women in Gujarat
Multivariable analysis
Characteristics | All n = 2123 | CY-beneficiaries No n = 1406 | CY-beneficiaries Yes n = 717 | Only women delivering at CY facilities. n = 1090 |
---|---|---|---|---|
AOR 95% CI | AOR 95% CI | AOR 95% CI | AOR 95% CI | |
CY beneficiary. Yes | 0.38 (0.22–0.44) | – | – | 0.40 (0.24–0.67) |
Age (years) | 1.05 (0.98–1.13) | 1.01 (0.93–1.10) | 1.18 (1.03–1.34) | 1.11 (0.99–1.23) |
Education (years) | 1.00 (0.96–1.04) | 1.01 (0.96–1.06) | 0.96 (0.86–1.06) | 0.97 (0.91–1.03) |
Caste | ||||
ST | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
SC | 2.11 (1.01–4.43) | 1.44 (0.61–3.40) | 5.88 (1.29–26.71) | 4.05 (1.44–11.04) |
Others | 1.89 (1.10–3.25) | 1.46 (0.78–2.74) | 3.48 (1.10–10.99) | 2.54 (1.20–5.35) |
Number of pregnancies (unit) | 0.64 (0.50–0.82) | 0.70 (0.53–0.91) | 0.49 (0.28–0.84) | 0.50 (0.35–0.73) |
Antenatal care visits | ||||
0–2 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
3 or more | 1.67 (1.02–2.75) | 1.68 (0.97–2.92) | 1.97 (0.60–6.46) | 1.75 (0.82–3.59) |
Wealth quintiles | ||||
Lowest | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Low | 1.01 (0.46–2.19) | 1.20 (0.48–2.99) | 0.60 (0.12–2.84) | 0.80 (0.30–2.16) |
Middle | 1.28 (0.63–2.61) | 1.58 (0.69–3.62) | 0.58 (0.12–2.67) | 1.16 (0.48–2.81) |
High | 1.15 (0.54–2.43) | 1.16 (0.48–2.78) | 1.15 (0.24–5.42) | 0.81 (0.29–2.22) |
Highest | 1.35 (0.63–2.87) | 1.51 (0.63–3.59) | 0.83 (0.15–4.57) | 0.61 (0.21–1.75) |
Complications. Yes | 10.71 (7.22–15.9) | 10.18 (6.50–15.92) | 13.18 (5.54–31.38) | 6.00 (3.30–10.91) |
District | ||||
Dahod | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Sabarkantha | 1.05 (0.60–1.82) | 1.10 (0.58–2.09) | 1.29 (0.37–4.54) | 0.83 (0.38–1.80) |
Surendranagar | 1.13 (0.59–2.18) | 1.19 (0.57–2.46) | 1.30 (0.25–6.70) | 1.67 (0.64–4.38) |
Facility type | ||||
Public | 1.00 | 1.00 | – | – |
Private-CY | 3.16 (1.80–5.53) | 2.95 (1.69–5.17) | ||
Private | 2.55 (1.46–4.44) | 2.56 (1.46–4.49) | ||
Pseudo r2 | 0.21 | 0.15 | 0.24 | 0.19 |
Hosmer-Lemeshow GOF test | P = 0.97 | P = 0.96 | P = 1.00 | P = 0.99 |