Background
Methods
Aims of the study
Design & setting of the study
Health behaviour outcomes
NEET status
Socio-demographic & health-related characteristics
Statistical analysis
Results
Characteristics of survey respondents
Variable | Categories | All NEETs Included | Economically Inactive NEETs Excluded | Totala (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
% NEET | % NEET | |||
Sex | 1 Male | **14 | *11 | 1881 (44) |
2 Female | 20 | 8 | 2391 (56) | |
Ageb
| **Mean age NEET = 21 | *Mean age NEET = 20 | ||
Mean age non-NEET = 20 | Mean age non-NEET = 20 | |||
Ethnicity | 1 White UK & Irish | 17 | 10 | 3571 (84) |
2 Other (incl. gypsy/traveller) | 16 | 10 | 684 (16) | |
Marital status | 1 Married/cohabiting | **27 | *12 | 821 (19) |
2 Other (incl. single/separated/divorced) | 15 | 9 | 3450 (81) | |
Access to car/van | 1 Yes | **11 | **6 | 3024 (71) |
2 No | 33 | 19 | 1248 (29) | |
Top academic qualification | 1 Degree or higher | **12 | **8 | 536 (13) |
2 HNC/D or equiv (higher education below degree) | 12 | 6 | 386 (9) | |
3 Higher/A-level or equiv (upper school qualification) | 9 | 5 | 1496 (35) | |
4 Standard grade/O-level or equiv (lower school qualification) | 21 | 13 | 1314 (31) | |
5 Foreign or other qualification | 34 | 18 | 170 (4) | |
6 No educational qualification | 41 | 23 | 347 (8) | |
Housing tenure | 1 Own outright/with mortgage | **8 | **5 | 1955 (46) |
2 Other (incl. part rent/part mortgage, renting, rent-free, squatting) | 25 | 14 | 2313 (54) | |
Receipt of means-tested benefits | 0 No | **7 | **5 | 1706 (40) |
1 Yes | 24 | 13 | 2566 (60) | |
Total annual household income | 1 < £15,600 | **36 | **22 | 1057 (25) |
2 £15,600-£25,999 | 17 | 10 | 736 (17) | |
3 £26,000-£36,399 | 10 | 6 | 510 (12) | |
4 £36,400-£51,999 | 5 | 3 | 517 (12) | |
5 £52,000-£69,999 | 5 | 2 | 344 (8) | |
6 £70,000-£150,000+ | 7 | 4 | 386 (9) | |
7 Refused | 15 | 9 | 426 (10) | |
8 Don’t know | 14 | 8 | 296 (7) | |
NSSEC | 1 Managerial & professional | **6 | **4 | 439 (10) |
2 Intermediate | 16 | 8 | 652 (15) | |
3 Routine & manual | 19 | 11 | 2262 (53) | |
4 Other or never worked/long-term unemployed | 18 | 11 | 919 (22) | |
Limiting long-term illness | 1 Limiting long-term illness | **32 | 13 | 446 (10) |
2 Non-limiting long-term illness | 14 | 8 | 409 (10) | |
3 No limiting long-term illness | 15 | 9 | 3411 (80) | |
Self-assessed general health | 1 Very good/good | **15 | **9 | 3757 (88) |
2 Fair/bad/very bad | 34 | 19 | 512 (12) | |
GHQ-12 score | 0 Score 0 | **15 | **8 | 2250 (53) |
1 Score 1–2 | 16 | 9 | 1144 (27) | |
2 Score 3–4 | 19 | 11 | 476 (11) | |
3 Score 5–12 | 29 | 19 | 402 (9) | |
Survey | 1 Health Survey for England (HSE) | 17 | 9 | 2555 (60) |
2 Scottish Health Survey (SHeS) | 17 | 10 | 1717 (40) | |
Survey year | 1 2010 | 18 | 9 | 1502 (35) |
2 2011 | 17 | 9 | 1527 (36) | |
3 2012 | 16 | 10 | 1243 (29) |
Socio-demographic characteristics of NEETs
Variable | All NEETs Included | Economically Inactive NEETs Excluded |
---|---|---|
OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
Sex | ||
Male | 1.00** | 1.00* |
Female | 1.51 (1.28–1.78) | 0.72 (0.58–0.90) |
Age | 1.16** (1.12–1.20) | 1.09** (1.05–1.14) |
Ethnicity | ||
White UK & Irish | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Other (incl. gypsy/traveller) | 0.94 (0.75–1.17) | 1.00 (0.75–1.34) |
Marital status | ||
Married/cohabiting | 2.13 (1.78–2.56) | 1.37 (1.06–1.78) |
Other (incl. single/separated/divorced) | 1.00** | 1.00* |
Access to car/van | ||
Yes | 1.00** | 1.00** |
No | 4.13 (3.50–4.88) | 3.54 (2.85–4.41) |
Top academic qualification | ||
Degree or higher | 1.00** | 1.00** |
HNC/D or equiv (higher education below degree) | 1.00 (0.66–1.50) | 0.69 (0.40–1.18) |
Higher/A-level or equiv (upper school qualification) | 0.77 (0.56–1.06) | 0.64 (0.43–0.94) |
Standard grade/O-level or equiv (lower school qualification) | 1.99 (1.48–2.68) | 1.59 (1.11–2.28) |
Foreign or other qualification | 3.77 (2.48–5.71) | 2.48 (1.45–4.25) |
No educational qualification | 5.18 (3.68–7.28) | 3.22 (2.10–4.94) |
Housing tenure | ||
Own outright/with mortgage | 0.26 (0.22–0.32) | 0.33 (0.26–0.42) |
Other (incl. part rent/part mortgage, renting, rent-free, squatting) | 1.00** | 1.00** |
Receipt of means-tested benefits | ||
No | 0.26 (0.21–0.32) | 0.34 (0.27–0.44) |
Yes | 1.00** | 1.00** |
Total annual household income | ||
< £15,600 | 1.00** | 1.00** |
£15,600-£25,999 | 0.37 (0.29–0.46) | 0.39 (0.29–0.53) |
£26,000-£36,399 | 0.21 (0.15–0.29) | 0.21 (0.14–0.33) |
£36,400-£51,999 | 0.09 (0.06–0.14) | 0.13 (0.08–0.21) |
£52,000-£69,999 | 0.10 (0.06–0.16) | 0.08 (0.04–0.17) |
£70,000-£150,000+ | 0.14 (0.09–0.21) | 0.16 (0.10–0.27) |
Refused | 0.32 (0.23–0.42) | 0.35 (0.23–0.51) |
Don’t know | 0.29 (0.20–0.41) | 0.33 (0.21–0.52) |
NSSEC | ||
Managerial & professional | 1.00** | 1.00** |
Intermediate | 3.04 (1.94–4.75) | 2.23 (1.22–4.06) |
Routine & manual | 3.69 (2.45–5.56) | 3.38 (1.98–5.77) |
Other or never worked/long-term unemployed | 3.36 (2.18–5.17) | 2.24 (1.85–5.68) |
Limiting long-term illness | ||
Limiting long-term illness | 2.53 (2.02–3.16) | 1.42 (1.01–1.99) |
Non-limiting long-term illness | 0.91 (0.68–1.22) | 0.88 (0.60–1.29) |
No limiting long-term illness | 1.00** | 1.00 |
GHQ-12 score | ||
Score 0 | 1.00** | 1.00** |
Score 1–2 | 1.08 (0.89–1.32) | 1.07 (0.82–1.39) |
Score 3–4 | 1.37 (1.06–1.77) | 1.44 (1.03–2.01) |
Score 5–12 | 2.31 (1.80–2.95) | 2.53 (1.85–3.46) |
Self-assessed general health | ||
Very good/good | 1.00** | 1.00** |
Fair/bad/very bad | 2.99 (2.43–3.67) | 2.43 (1.84–3.20) |
Survey | ||
Health Survey for England (HSE) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Scottish Health Survey (SHeS) | 0.98 (0.84–1.16) | 1.16 (0.94–1.44) |
Survey year | ||
2010 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
2011 | 0.93 (0.77–1.12) | 1.02 (0.79–1.32) |
2012 | 0.89 (0.73–1.09) | 1.13 (0.87–1.47) |
Health outcomes by NEET status
Outcome | All NEETs Included | Economically Inactive NEETs Excluded | Total (%) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NEET (%) | non-NEET (%) | NEET (%) | non-NEET (%) | All NEETs Included | Economically Inactive NEETs Excluded | |
Current smoker | 297 (46) | 684 (27) | 146 (46) | 684 (27) | 981 (30) | 830 (29) |
Heavy drinkera
| 128 (20) | 656 (25) | 75 (24) | 656 (25) | 784 (24) | 731 (25) |
No participation in sport | 330 (46) | 1003 (29) | 143 (38) | 1003 (29) | 1333 (32) | 1146 (30) |
Less than 5 portions fruit/vegetablesb
| 579 (81) | 2652 (76) | 307 (82) | 2652 (76) | 3231 (77) | 2959 (77) |
Unhealthy BMIc
| 387 (54) | 1498 (43) | 199 (53) | 1498 (43) | 1885 (45) | 1697 (44) |
Variable | All NEETs Included | Economically Inactive NEETs Excluded |
---|---|---|
OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
UNIVARIATEc
| ||
NEET | ||
No | 1.00** | 1.00** |
Yes | 2.38 (1.99–2.84) | 2.34 (1.85–2.96) |
FULLY ADJUSTEDc
| ||
NEET | ||
No | 1.00* | 1.00* |
Yes | 1.36 (1.10–1.68) | 1.49 (1.14–1.94) |
Sex | ||
Male | 1.26 (1.07–1.49) | 1.23 (1.03–1.47) |
Female | 1.00* | 1.00* |
Age | 1.06* (1.01–1.11) | 1.06* (1.01–1.11) |
Ethnicity | ||
White UK & Irish | 1.00** | 1.00* |
Other (incl. gypsy/traveller) | 0.57 (0.45–0.72) | 0.65 (0.50–0.84) |
Access to car/van | ||
Yes | 1.00** | 1.00** |
No | 1.56 (1.29–1.89) | 1.41 (1.15–1.73) |
Top academic qualification | ||
Degree or higher | 1.00** | 1.00** |
HNC/D or equiv (higher education below degree) | 1.75 (1.24–2.46) | 1.71 (1.21–2.43) |
Higher/A-level or equiv (upper school qualification) | 1.39 (1.04–1.86) | 1.29 (0.96–1.73) |
Standard grade/O-level or equiv (lower school qualification) | 2.68 (1.99–3.61) | 2.52 (1.85–3.42) |
Foreign or other qualification | 2.98 (1.91–4.63) | 3.47 (2.15–5.60) |
No educational qualification | 3.04 (2.05–4.51) | 3.42 (2.19–5.32) |
Housing tenure | ||
Own outright/with mortgage | 1.00** | 1.00** |
Other (incl. part rent/part mortgage, renting, rent-free, squatting) | 1.97 (1.62–2.39) | 1.95 (1.59–2.39) |
NSSEC | ||
Managerial & professional | 1.00** | 1.00** |
Intermediate | 1.24 (0.90–1.71) | 1.28 (0.92–1.77) |
Routine & manual | 1.38 (1.04–1.84) | 1.34 (1.01–1.79) |
Other or never worked/long-term unemployed | 0.58 (0.39–0.87) | 0.52 (0.33–0.80) |
Self-assessed general health | ||
Very good/good | 1.00** | 1.00** |
Fair/bad/very bad | 1.97 (1.57–2.47) | 2.09 (1.63–2.68) |
Variable | All NEETs Included | Economically Inactive NEETs Excluded |
---|---|---|
OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
UNIVARIATEc
| ||
NEET | ||
No | 1.00* | 1.00 |
Yes | 0.73 (0.59–0.90) | 0.90 (0.69–1.19) |
FULLY ADJUSTEDc
| ||
NEET | ||
No | 1.00* | 1.00 |
Yes | 0.71 (0.56–0.91) | 0.91 (0.68–1.22) |
Sex | ||
Male | 0.71 (0.60–0.85) | 0.69 (0.58–0.82) |
Female | 1.00** | 1.00** |
Ethnicity | ||
White UK & Irish | 1.00** | 1.00** |
Other (incl. gypsy/traveller) | 0.43 (0.33–0.56) | 0.41 (0.31–0.54) |
Access to car/van | ||
Yes | 1.00* | 1.00* |
No | 1.24 (1.03–1.49) | 1.29 (1.06–1.56) |
Marital status | ||
Married/cohabiting | 0.65 (0.53–0.80) | 0.67 (0.54–0.83) |
Other (incl. single/separated/divorced) | 1.00** | 1.00** |
Receipt of means-tested benefits | ||
No | 1.00* | 1.00* |
Yes | 0.80 (0.67–0.95) | 0.80 (0.67–0.96) |
NSSEC | ||
Managerial & professional | 1.00* | 1.00* |
Intermediate | 1.06 (0.78–1.45) | 1.07 (0.78–1.46) |
Routine & manual | 1.40 (1.08–1.83) | 1.40 (1.07–1.84) |
Other or never worked/long-term unemployed | 1.13 (0.80–1.61) | 1.18 (0.82–1.70) |
Variable | All NEETs Included | Economically Inactive NEETs Excluded |
---|---|---|
OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
UNIVARIATEb
| ||
NEET | ||
No | 1.00** | 1.00** |
Yes | 2.12 (1.80–2.50) | 1.54 (1.23–1.92) |
FULLY ADJUSTEDb
| ||
NEET | ||
No | 1.00** | 1.00* |
Yes | 1.52 (1.26–1.82) | 1.30 (1.03–1.65) |
Sex | ||
Male | 0.65 (0.57–0.75) | 0.67 (0.58–0.77) |
Female | 1.00** | 1.00** |
Age | 1.04* (1.01–1.07) | 1.04* (1.01–1.07) |
Ethnicity | ||
White UK & Irish | 1.00* | |
Other (incl. gypsy/traveller) | 1.22 (1.02–1.47) | |
Access to car/van | ||
Yes | 1.00** | 1.00* |
No | 1.31 (1.13–1.53) | 1.29 (1.10–1.52) |
Top academic qualification | ||
Degree or higher | 1.00** | 1.00** |
HNC/D or equiv (higher education below degree) | 1.62 1.18–2.23() | 1.54 (1.11–2.13) |
Higher/A-level or equiv (upper school qualification) | 1.84 (1.42–2.37) | 1.76 (1.36–2.28) |
Standard grade/O-level or equiv (lower school qualification) | 2.29 (1.76–2.99) | 2.22 (1.69–2.91) |
Foreign or other qualification | 2.77 (1.87–4.10) | 2.79 (1.82–4.26) |
No educational qualification | 2.49 (1.79–3.46) | 2.41 (1.68–3.46) |
Limiting long-term illness | ||
Limiting long-term illness | 1.22 (0.96–1.54) | |
Non-limiting long-term illness | 0.81 (0.64–1.03) | |
No limiting long-term illness | 1.00* | |
Self-assessed general health | ||
Very good/good | 1.00* | 1.00* |
Fair/bad/very bad | 1.44 (1.15–1.79) | 1.39 (1.11–1.73) |
Survey year | ||
2010 | 1.00* | 1.00* |
2011 | 0.94 (0.81–1.10) | 0.91 (0.77–1.08) |
2012 | 0.79 (0.67–0.94) | 0.75 (0.63–0.90) |
Survey | ||
Health Survey for England | 1.00* | |
Scottish Health Survey | 0.84 (0.72–0.97) |
Variable | All NEETs Included | Economically Inactive NEETs Excluded |
---|---|---|
OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
UNIVARIATEb
| ||
NEET | ||
No | 1.00* | 1.00* |
Yes | 1.34 (1.09–1.64) | 1.46 (1.11–1.93) |
FULLY ADJUSTEDb
| ||
NEET | ||
No | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Yes | 1.10 (0.87–1.39) | 1.23 (0.91–1.66) |
Fruit consumption the same as usual | ||
Less than usual | 1.00** | 1.00** |
More than usual | 0.24 (0.18–0.32) | 0.24 (0.18–0.32) |
About the same as usual | 0.41 (0.34–0.50) | 0.39 (0.32–0.48) |
Vegetable consumption the same as usual | ||
Less than usual | 1.00** | 1.00** |
More than usual | 0.71 (0.55–0.92) | 0.74 (0.56–0.96) |
About the same as usual | 0.59 (0.50–0.70) | 0.59 (0.49–0.70) |
Sex | ||
Male | 1.19 (1.02–1.39) | 1.19 (1.02–1.40) |
Female | 1.00* | 1.00* |
Ethnicity | ||
White UK & Irish | 1.00** | 1.00** |
Other (incl. gypsy/traveller) | 0.61 (0.51–0.75) | 0.64 (0.52–0.79) |
Top academic qualification | ||
Degree or higher | 1.00** | 1.00** |
HNC/D or equiv (higher education below degree) | 1.24 (0.90–1.70) | 1.24 (0.89–1.71) |
Higher/A-level or equiv (upper school qualification) | 1.22 (0.96–1.54) | 1.18 (0.92–1.50) |
Standard grade/O-level or equiv (lower school qualification) | 1.97 (1.51–2.56) | 1.90 (1.45–2.49) |
Foreign or other qualification | 1.89 (1.20–2.96) | 1.95 (1.20–3.19) |
No educational qualification | 1.51 (1.07–2.14) | 1.45 (0.99–2.12) |
Receipt of means-tested benefits | ||
No | 1.00* | 1.00* |
Yes | 1.19 (1.00–1.40) | 1.20 (1.01–1.43) |
Total annual household income | ||
< £15,600 | 1.00* | 1.00* |
£15,600-£25,999 | 0.87 (0.68–1.12) | 0.92 (0.70–1.20) |
£26,000-£36,399 | 1.06 (0.79–1.41) | 1.14 (0.85–1.55) |
£36,400-£51,999 | 0.81 (0.61–1.07) | 0.88 (0.66–1.17) |
£52,000-£69,999 | 0.68 (0.50–0.93) | 0.74 (0.54–1.02) |
£70,000-£150,000+ | 0.57 (0.43–0.76) | 0.62 (0.46–0.84) |
Refused | 0.88 (0.66–1.17) | 0.98 (0.72–1.32) |
Don’t know | 0.85 (0.62–1.18) | 0.99 (0.70–1.40) |
Self-assessed general health | ||
Very good/good | 1.00* | 1.00* |
Fair/bad/very bad | 1.34 (1.03–1.73) | 1.34 (1.01–1.77) |
Survey | ||
Health Survey for England (HSE) | 1.00** | 1.00** |
Scottish Health Survey (SHeS) | 1.82 (1.54–2.16) | 1.83 (1.53–2.18) |
Survey year | ||
2010 | 1.00** | 1.00** |
2011 | 1.08 (0.90–1.29) | 1.09 (0.90–1.31) |
2012 | 1.59 (1.28–1.97) | 1.56 (1.25–1.94) |
Variable | All NEETs Included | Economically Inactive NEETs Excluded |
---|---|---|
OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
UNIVARIATEb
| ||
NEET | ||
No | 1.00** | 1.00** |
Yes | 1.57 (1.33–1.84) | 1.62 (1.23–1.88) |
FULLY ADJUSTEDb
| ||
NEET | ||
No | 1.00** | 1.00* |
Yes | 1.36 (1.15–1.61) | 1.34 (1.07–1.68) |
Age | 1.05** (1.03–1.09) | 1.07** (1.03–1.10) |
Ethnicity | ||
White UK & Irish | 1.00* | |
Other (incl. gypsy/traveller) | 0.81 (0.68–0.98) | |
Marital status | ||
Married/cohabiting | 1.29 (1.09–1.53) | 1.22 (1.01–1.48) |
Other (incl. single/separated/divorced) | 1.00* | 1.00* |
Top academic qualification | ||
Degree or higher | 1.00* | |
HNC/D or equiv (higher education below degree) | 1.31 (0.99–1.74) | |
Higher/A-level or equiv (upper school qualification) | 1.17 (0.93–1.46) | |
Standard grade/O-level or equiv (lower school qualification) | 1.42 (1.11–1.81) | |
Foreign or other qualification | 1.56 (1.04–2.31) | |
No educational qualification | 1.54 (1.11–2.14) | |
NSSEC | ||
Managerial & professional | 1.00* | |
Intermediate | 1.03 (0.97–1.33) | |
Routine & manual | 0.80 (0.64–1.00) | |
Other or never worked/long-term unemployed | 0.94 (0.71–1.24) | |
Self-assessed general health | ||
Very good/good | 1.00** | 1.00** |
Fair/bad/very bad | 1.51 (1.24–1.82) | 1.56 (1.26–1.93) |