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American Journal of Cardiovascular Drugs

Erschienen in:

11.10.2024 | Review Article

Cardiomodulatory Effects of Cardiometabolic and Antihyperglycemic Medications: The Roles of Oxidative and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress

verfasst von: Arshag D. Mooradian

Erschienen in: American Journal of Cardiovascular Drugs | Ausgabe 1/2025

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Abstract

Uncontrolled hyperglycemia in people with diabetes is an established risk of premature cardiovascular disease. Repeated hypoglycemic events are also associated with increased cardiovascular mortality. Both hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia induce cellular stress, notably endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, a known promoter of cardiovascular disease. Contemporary anti-hyperglycemic drugs such as glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists and sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors simultaneously inhibit oxidative stress and ER stress in human coronary artery endothelial cells. Similarly, other known cardioprotective drugs, such as statins and inhibitors of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) share a common pleiotropic effect of reducing cellular stress. Antioxidants reduce oxidative stress but may aggravate ER stress. This dichotomy of antioxidant effects may underline the unfavorable outcomes of clinical trials with antioxidant vitamin use. The aim of this review is to highlight the potential role of cellular stress reduction in cardioprotective effects of contemporary diabetes drugs. Future clinical trials are needed to test the hypothesis that cellular stress is the fundamental culprit in cardiovascular disease.

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Titel: Cardiomodulatory Effects of Cardiometabolic and Antihyperglycemic Medications: The Roles of Oxidative and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress
verfasst von: Arshag D. Mooradian
Publikationsdatum: 11.10.2024
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Erschienen in: American Journal of Cardiovascular Drugs / Ausgabe 1/2025
Print ISSN: 1175-3277
Elektronische ISSN: 1179-187X
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40256-024-00685-x

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Cardiomodulatory Effects of Cardiometabolic and Antihyperglycemic Medications: The Roles of Oxidative and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress

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