Once the patient, their families and the team in intensive care unit (ICU) has recognised and accepted that the end-of-life (EOL) is approaching, it becomes important for all involved to care for the patient in a manner congruent with their values and preferences [
1]. Ideally, these have been documented well before the patient loses mental capacity, but often this is not the case [
2]. In situations where the patient lacks self-determination, the shared decision-making model (a collaborative process between the patient, family/surrogates and clinicians) has been widely proposed [
3]. In this article, we aim to provide a framework for caring for the critically ill ICU patient, after a shared decision to limit life-sustaining treatment has been reached. We hope that such guidance can be helpful, despite the worldwide variance of EOL practices, the different existing legal frameworks and potential barriers (supplementary Table 1). …