In this study, we identified a case with aortic dissection that had no risk factors for this condition other than his gender. In this case, which, unlike other studies, had visited the hospital with respiratory symptoms, pleural effusion was reported [
6]. On the other hand, no abnormal changes were observed in the patient’s EKG. In other words, the patient did not have any clear symptoms other than chest pain, which made the diagnosis of the disease by physicians considerably difficult. In this case, CT angiography was used for a definitive diagnosis. Some studies have suggested that bacteria such as
C. septicum may play a role in the formation of aortic dissection [
9]; however, there were no complaints regarding the existence of infectious symptoms by the patient and his WBC differential was normal. Genetics is involved in 15% of the cases of this disease. Common causes of this disease include hypertension (in two-thirds of the patients due to imposing stress on vascular walls), Turner syndrome, Marfan syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, and aortic inflammation, which can affect the integrity of the vascular walls [
2]. However, contrary to the results obtained from the literature, the patient did not suffer from any genetic disorders, hypertension, or any syndromes. The following are several other predictors of aortic dissection A: The prevalence of this disease is higher among men than women [
5]; the prevalence of the disease increases with the increase of age; the risk of the disease increases with the increase of BMI; smoking and alcohol consumption increase the prevalence of the disease. On the other hand, in addition to factors such as sepsis, increased WBC, and INR changes, history of aneurysms can also be effective in causing an aneurysm. However, the studied patient had a normal BMI, along with normal laboratory results. Furthermore, the patient did not have a history of smoking and alcohol consumption and was young, and aortic dissection is rarely observed in this age group [
10]. The only risk factors observed in this patient were his gender and working under harsh conditions. As stated in the literature, the prevalence of this disease is higher in men than women [
5], and our case study was male; therefore, the existence of this disease in his body is justified. On the other hand, the results of the study by Aparci et al. suggested that environmental and occupational factors can affect aortic aneurysm; thus, this condition is considered an occupational disease. In addition, Aparci concluded that the nature of some occupations, such as sports occupations, heavy and stressful jobs, and military jobs, among others, affects the development of this disease [
10]. The medical history of our case revealed that he had worked in very bad weather conditions, under high stress levels, and had carried heavy equipment, which were all occupational factors affecting this disease, consistent with the results of the study by Aparci. Moreover, aortic dissection has many side effects; one of these adverse effects is acute aortic valve failure, which appeared in our patient.