Introduction
CD4saurus Rex: a relic from old times
Shortcomings of CD4saurus Rex
What failed on the path of CD4+saurus Rex evolution, and which options are available
Discussion
What to test | Who and When | Possible use/interpretation | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|
PBMC
PD1
+
DR
+
Ki67
+
CD4
+
Ki67
+
PD-1
+
CD4
+Treg
Th17 cytokine profile
| Before cART in adv.naive and AIDS-presenter pts | Increase. Predict likelihood of IRIS. Diagnosis of IRIS (uppon symptoms | [59] |
Plasma TNF-a, IL-4, IL-17, VEGF, G-CSF, GM-CSF, CCL2(MCP-1)
| pt.with cryptococcal meningitis | Increase. Predicts high risk of IRIS | [60] |
PBMC
CD56bright NK cells
NKp30+CD56+, NKp46+CD56+ NK cells
| Before Voluntary or CD4+guided Treatment interruption | Increase. Advise against interruption for risk of rapid CD4 decrease when markers are increased | [43] |
PBMC
CD4+/62L+/RA+
CD8+/CD38+/DR+
CD8+/62L+/RA+
| Wk16-24 of cART - Adolescents | Increase. Risk of Virological Failure after initial response | [61] |
PBMC
HLA-Bw4 (incl.HLA-B*57, HLA-B*27)
| HIV infection, At first diagnosis | Presence. Defines lower risk of progression, chances of Elite Controlling, slow progression, lower VL | |
PBMC
HLA-B*57 + KIR3DS1
| Exposed uninfected partners, Any time | Presence. Decreased risk of infection upon HIV exposure | |
PBMC
HLA-B*57 + KIR3DL1high
| Exposed uninfected partners, Any time | Presence. Decreased risk of infection upon HIV exposure | [69] |
HLA-B*57
| HIV-Infected, Before cART start | Presence. Defines adverse reaction to Abacavir | [70] |
CCR5-∂32, CCR2-64I
| At diagnosis. | Presence. Slower disease progression, lower VL | [71] |
Before cART | Less time to undetectable VL, decreased risk of AIDS | ||
CD127+CD4+ T cells
| Before cART | Decrease. Immunological non-response to cART | |
CD127+CD4+ and/or CD127+CD8+ T cells
| Before Voluntary or CD4+guided treatment interruption | Increase. Directly correlated with the length of treatment interruption | [75] |