Introduction
Methods
CSF sampling
Analysis of monoamines
Study population
Statistics
Ethics
Results
Sample characteristics
Control group (N = 113) | Bipolar disorder group (N = 103) | ADHD group (N = 72) | Statistic |
p value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
F
| |||||
Agea
| 38 (13) | 40 (13) | 35 (10) | 2.3 | 0.10 |
Height (m)a
| 1.75 (0.10) | 1.73 (0.10) | 1.75 (0.90) | 0.8 | 0.46 |
χ
2
| |||||
Sex (female/male) | 61/52 | 60/43 | 34/38 | 2.2 | 0.33 |
Monoamine metabolite concentrations and diagnosis
Bipolar disorder | ADHD | |
---|---|---|
Subdiagnosis (BPI/BPII/othera) | 55/37/11 | – |
Attention deficitb
| – | 62 (93)b
|
Hyperactivityb
| – | 53 (86)c
|
N
(%)
| ||
History of suicide attempt | 36 (36)c
| 16 (28)d
|
History of psychosis | 53 (52)e
| 1 (1)f
|
History of violence to others | 20 (20)e
| 7 (13)g
|
History of anxiety disorder | 30 (29)e
| 28 (41)h
|
History of addictive disorder | 32 (32)c
| 6 (9)h
|
Mean (SD)
| ||
MADRS | 6 (6)i
| – |
YMRS | 1 (1)j
| – |
Lifetime number of manic episodes | 2 (3)e
| – |
Lifetime number of hypomanic episodes | 5 (9)e
| – |
Lifetime number of depressive episodes | 11 (14)c
| – |
Lifetime number of mixed episodes | 1 (4)e
| – |
GAFfunction
| 67 (12)e
| 65 (9)e
|
Pharmacological treatment |
N
(%)
| |
Lithium | 60 (58) | – |
Lamotrigine | 21 (20) | 1 (1) |
Valproate | 14 (14) | – |
SSRI | 23 (22) | 13 (18) |
SNRI | 9 (9) | 11 (15) |
Other antidepressant | 16 (16) | 2 (3) |
Central stimulant | – | 59 (82) |
Antipsychotic | 29 (28) | 2 (3) |