Background
Methods
Participants
Study investigations
Analysis
Results
Age at bar insertion, years mean (SD) | 17 (2) |
Age at bar removal, years mean (SD) | 19 (2) |
Height, metres mean (SD) | 1.8 (0.09) |
Weight, kilograms mean (SD) | 65.8 (12.1) |
Body Mass Index, mean (SD) | 20.0 (2.8) |
Pectus shape, n (%) | |
Cup | 5 (55.6) |
Saucer | 3 (33.3) |
Mixed | 1 (11.1) |
Haller index before correction, mean (SD) | 5.1 (1.1) |
Bar in situ Mean (SD) | Bar removed Mean (SD) | Mean difference (95% Confidence Interval) | Effect size | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
FEV1 (L) | 4.12 (0.67) | 4.24 (0.78) | 0.12 (−0.23–0.46) | 0.261 | 0.456 |
FEV1% predicted | 87.9% (16.9) | 90.6% (19.7) | 2.70 (−5.14–10.54) | 0.265 | 0.450 |
FVC (L) | 4.59 (0.90) | 4.68 (0.81) | 0.09 (−0.22–0.40) | 0.220 | 0.528 |
FVC % predicted | 82.0% (14.8) | 84.8% (15.3) | 2.78 (−0.30–8.55) | 0.370 | 0.299 |
FEV1/FVC | 90.7% (6.8) | 90.9% (8.0) | 0.24 (−5.22–5.71) | 0.034 | 0.921 |
Time to 80% max heart rate | 451 (128) | 425 (137) | −27 (− 143–90) | 0.211 | 0.597 |
Chest wall motion at rest
Bar in situ | Bar removed | Effect size | p value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Respiratory rate | 15 (13–17) | 16 (12–17) | 0.003 | 0.953 |
Tidal volume (Vt, ml) | 668 (503–784) | 682 (538–920) | 0.049 | 0.374 |
Vt ribcage | 315 (187–384) | 307 (214–361) | 0.003 | 0.953 |
Vt diaphragm | 73 (66–119) | 96 (75–154) | 0.095 | 0.086 |
Vt Abdomen | 257 (220–324) | 257 (224–301) | 0.003 | 0.953 |
% ribcage | 42.7 (34.5–52.0) | 41.6 (34.1–51.1) | 0.030 | 0.594 |
% diaphragm | 12.9 (11.7–15.8) | 15.6 (14.2–18.9) | 0.115 | 0.038 |
% abdomen | 38.9 (34.4–52.0) | 44.7 (33.9–50.9) | 0.003 | 0.953 |
Chest wall motion during exercise
Bar in situ | Bar removed | Effect size | p value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Respiratory rate | 32 (28–37) | 34 (24–36) | 0.089 | 0.110 |
Tidal volume (Vt, ml) | 1555 (1288–1731) | 1643 (1384–1847) | 0.089 | 0.110 |
Vt ribcage | 628 (455–655) | 629 (577–760) | 0.076 | 0.173 |
Vt diaphragm | 275 (178–275) | 323 (246–369) | 0.115 | 0.038 |
Vt Abdomen | 771 (624–864) | 708 (473–708) | 0.049 | 0.374 |
% ribcage | 37.2 (31.3–40.2) | 37.4 (34.4–44.3) | 0.049 | 0.374 |
% diaphragm | 16.1 (13.7–17.8) | 20.2 (14.5–21.8) | 0.109 | 0.051 |
% abdomen | 49.1 (45.0–53.5) | 42.3 (33.8–50.4) | 0.076 | 0.173 |