Background
Methods
Participants
Study design/ lifestyle intervention
Anthropometric, clinical and biochemical measurements
Physical activity and sleep duration
Statistical analysis
Results
Effectiveness of the lifestyle intervention
Usual care group (n = 27) | Intensive care group (n = 79) |
P
2
| |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline | 8 week | P1 | Baseline | 8 week |
P
1
| ||
Age | 10.74 (2.39) 33/67 | 11.50 (2.48) 39/61 | |||||
Sex (male/female) (%) | |||||||
Tanner Stage (I,II,III,IV,V) (%) | 37.4/ 4.1/ 29.16/ 4.1/ 25 | 32.9/21.1/14.4/6.6/25 | |||||
Waist circumference (cm) | 86.97 (11.53) | 82.54 (10.51) |
< 0.001
| 86.30 (10.98) | 82.37 (11.15) |
< 0.001
| 0.926 |
Weight (Kg) | 64.81 (17.32) | 62.92 (16.41) |
< 0.001
| 66.96 (19.21) | 64.29 (19.13) |
< 0.001
| 0.057 |
Height (cm) | 149.28 (12.64) | 150.47 (12.66) |
< 0.001
| 151.77 (13.18) | 152.63 (13.03) |
< 0.001
| 0.063 |
BMI (Kg/m2) | 28.54 (4.35) | 27.31 (4.09) |
< 0.001
| 28.40 (4.46) | 26.91 (4.62) |
< 0.001
| 0.075 |
BMI-SDS | 3.07 (1.24) | 2.62 (1.29) |
0.002
| 2.83 (0.98) | 2.32 (1.03) |
< 0.001
|
0.016
|
Hip circumference (cm) | 98.34 (12.02) | 96.71 (10.92) |
0.012
| 99.07 (12.77) | 96.42 (13.37) |
< 0.001
|
0.024
|
Waist to hip ratio | 0.88 (0.07) | 0.85 (0.06) |
< 0.001
| 0.87 (0.06) | 0.85 (0.06) |
< 0.001
| 0.066 |
Waist to height ratio | 0.58 (0.05) | 0.54 (0.05) |
< 0.001
| 0.56 (0.04) | 0.53 (0.04) |
< 0.001
| 0.971 |
Glucose (mg/dL) | 92.18 (6.45)† | 86.40 (5.09) |
< 0.001
| 88.10 (6.08)† | 85.59 (6.28) |
0.004
| 0.738 |
Insulin (μU/mL) | 20.34 (20.29) | 17.93 (15.35) | 0.329 | 15.30 (7.15) | 13.09 (6.01) |
0.010
| 0.147 |
HOMA-IR | 4.65 (4.82) | 3.92 (3.35) | 0.271 | 3.37 (1.73) | 2.80 (1.33) |
0.006
| 0.187 |
Leptin (ng/mL) | 38.82 (19.24) | 23.49 (14.95) |
< 0.001
| 30.58 (15.22) | 22.35 (20.63) |
< 0.001
| 0.505 |
Changes in physical activity after the lifestyle intervention
Usual care group (n = 27) | Intensive care group (n = 79) |
P
2
| |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline | 8-week |
P
1
| Baseline | 8-week |
P
1
| ||
CPM | 641.75 (183.23) | 589.37 (233.69) | 0.257 | 569.60 (181.93) | 577.64 (203.18) | 0.666 | 0.348 |
Sleep time (min) | 510.33 (65.76) | 516.62 (141.58) | 0.825 | 538.51 (82.52) | 526.42 (72.53) | 0.344 | 0.814 |
Sedentary PA (min) | 456.31 (114.48) | 490.79 (160.13) | 0.285 | 467.71 (135.22) | 495.33 (117.83) | 0.119 | 0.971 |
LPA (min) | 420.34 (79.17) | 369.69 (110.41) |
0.003
| 385.34 (99.93) | 361.55 (96.26) |
0.040
| 0.668 |
MVPA (min) | 45.17 (22.98) | 44.89 (25.26) | 0.955 | 43.56 (23.79) | 49.08 (23.90) |
0.024
| 0.217 |
Steps (number) | 10,540 (3105) | 9953 (3774) | 0.391 | 10,151 (3083) | 10,288 (2981) | 0.740 | 0.332 |
% Δ leptin | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Crude regression | Adjusted regression1 | |||
β |
P
| β |
p
| |
% Δ BMI-SDS | 0.176 |
< 0.001
| 0.146 |
0.001
|
% Δ waist circumference | 0.040 |
< 0.001
| 0.051 |
< 0.001
|
% Δ Waist-to-height ratio | 0.041 |
< 0.001
| 0.050 |
< 0.001
|
% Δ glucose | 0.009 | 0.639 | 0.040 | 0.077 |
% Δ insulin | 0.194 | 0.049 | 0.244 | 0.055 |
% Δ HOMA-IR | 0.187 | 0.077 | 0.271 |
0.050
|
% Δ Sleep time | −0.035 | 0.573 | −0.119 | 0.083 |
% Δ Sedentary PA | 0.003 | 0.973 | 0.111 | 0.241 |
% Δ LPA | 0.020 | 0.670 | 0.001 | 0.994 |
% Δ MVPA | −0.088 | 0.888 | −2.173 |
0.007
|