Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Clinical and Experimental Nephrology 3/2009

01.06.2009 | Guidelines

Chapter 8. CKD and lifestyle-related diseases

Erschienen in: Clinical and Experimental Nephrology | Ausgabe 3/2009

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Excerpt

  • An unhealthy lifestyle, such as obesity, insufficient exercise, alcohol, smoking, and other stresses, are assumed to be implicated in the development of CKD.
  • Improvement in lifestyle has proven valuable in managing/treating CKD development and progression.
  • Lifestyle-related diseases and metabolic syndrome have become popular subjects (Table 8-1). A lifestyle-related disease is defined as “a disorder whose development is greatly affected by individual lifestyle habits as well as genetic background”. Metabolic syndrome is a concept that excessive eating and lack of exercise causes fat accumulation in visceral organs, resulting in hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. Insulin resistance is considered to be an underlying causal factor in metabolic syndrome.
    Table 8-1
    Criteria of metabolic syndrome
    Storage of visceral fat (visceral adiopocytes)
       Waist circumference
    Men ≥ 85 cm
    Women ≥ 90 cm
    Area of visceral fat: men/women ≥100 cm2
    Above and following factor of 2 and over
      Hypertriglyceridemia and/or low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol
    ≥50 mg/dL and/or <40 mg/dL
      Systolic blood pressure and/or diastolic blood pressure
    ≥130 mmHg and/or ≥85 mmHg
      Fasting blood glucose
    ≥110 mg/dL
    Data were obtained, with modification, from the J Jpn Soc Int Med 2005;94:794–809 (in Japanese)
  • Lifestyle-related disease and metabolic syndrome are closely related to the development of CKD. Obesity, particularly abdominal obesity that accumulates visceral fat, can easily cause proteinuria or reduced kidney function. An epidemiologic study conducted in Japan has reported that patients with metabolic syndrome had a higher cumulative incidence and relative risk of CKD (Fig. 8-1).
  • The prevalence of metabolic syndrome is currently increasing among the Japanese general population. Kidney dysfunction due to obesity is implied by insulin resistance, the magnitude of which has a positive relationship with the degree of proteinuria. Insulin resistance increases with decreasing in kidney function, thus producing vicious cycle. A similar vicious cycle arises in CKD between risk factors, such as high blood pressure and dyslipidemia (Fig. 8-2). It has recently been acknowledged that high blood pressure or obesity without diabetes also causes kidney dysfunction.
Metadaten
Titel
Chapter 8. CKD and lifestyle-related diseases
Publikationsdatum
01.06.2009
Verlag
Springer Japan
Erschienen in
Clinical and Experimental Nephrology / Ausgabe 3/2009
Print ISSN: 1342-1751
Elektronische ISSN: 1437-7799
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10157-009-0138-x

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 3/2009

Clinical and Experimental Nephrology 3/2009 Zur Ausgabe

Leitlinien kompakt für die Innere Medizin

Mit medbee Pocketcards sicher entscheiden.

Seit 2022 gehört die medbee GmbH zum Springer Medizin Verlag

Update Innere Medizin

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.