Background
Methods
Study design and subjects
Genotyping and marker selection
YKL-40 measurement
Outcomes during the first year
Outcomes at 6 years
Risk factors
Statistical analysis
Results
Mean ± S.D. | Median (IQR) | Range | N (%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Anthropometrics at birtha
| ||||
Gestational age weeks | 39.7 ± 1.1 | 40 (39.1–40.7) | 37.0–42.0 | |
Weight kg | 3.4 ± 0.4 | 3.4 (3.1–3.7) | 2.2–4.9 | |
Length cm | 49.5 ± 1.9 | 50.0 (48–51) | 45–55 | |
Anthropometrics at follow-upa
| ||||
Age years | 6.0 ± 0.3 | 6 (5.9–6.2) | 5.1– 6.9 | |
Weight kg | 22.7 ± 3.8 | 22.2 (20.0–24.5) | 16–35.8 | |
Length cm | 117.5 ± 5.6 | 117.5 (114–121) | (104–107) | |
YKL-40 in cord blooda
| ||||
YKL-40 ng/ml | 42.4 ± 28.0 | 43.5 (23.3–63.3) | 0–97.2 | |
Clinical outcomes during the first yeara
| ||||
Wks with daytime resp. sympt. | 4.6 ± 4.6 | 3 (1–7) | 0–24 | |
Wks with nighttime resp. sympt. | 3.8 ± 3.8 | 3 (1–6) | 0–21 | |
Wks with severe daytime resp. sympt. | 0.5 ± 0.9 | 0 (0–1) | 0–5 | |
Wks with severe nighttime resp. sympt. | 0.6 ± 1.1 | 0 (0–1) | 0–8 | |
Lung function at 5 weeksa
| ||||
Tidal volume ml | 32.5 ± 5.5 | 32.5 (28.1–36.4) | 21–51 | |
Mean tidal expiratory flow | 43.3 ± 10.4 | 41.6 (35.7–49.3) | 21–79 | |
TPTEF/TE
| 36.2 ± 10.8 | 34.7 (28.7–41.8) | 16–73 | |
Minute Ventilation ml · min−1
| 1427 ± 270 | 1405 (1239–1586) | 870–2333 | |
Clinical data at 6 years | ||||
Asthmab
| 15 (12 %) | |||
Atopyc
| 53 (39 %) | |||
Positive prick testd
| 18 (17 %) | |||
Lung function at 6 years | ||||
FVC z-scoree
| −0.41 ± 0.98 | −0.04 (−1.18–0.32) | −2.25–2.02 | |
FEV1 z-scoref
| −0.09 ± 0.96 | −0.21 (−0.83–0.73) | −0.25–2.02 | |
FEF25–75% z-scoreg
| −0.04 ± 0.94 | −0.04 (−0.68–0.55) | −2.95–2.27 |
Outcomes during the first year
Outcomes at 6 years
Univariable association | Multivariablea association | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR | 95 % CI |
P-value | OR | 95 % CI |
P-value | |
Exposure | Outcome asthmab
| |||||
SNP*
| ||||||
rs10920579 | 0.25 | 0.06–1.15 | 0.305 | 0.23 | 0.05–1.2 | 0.365 |
rs880633 | 1.33 | 0.63–2.89 | 0.777 | 1.05 | 0.46–2.38 | 0.901 |
rs10399931 | 0.21 | 0.05–0.95 | 0.212 | 0.21 | 0.04–0.98 | 0.287 |
rs10399805 | 4.50 | 1.59–12.94 | 0.031 | 3.42 | 1.12–10.56 | 0.224 |
rs1538372 | 0.74 | 0.31–1.72 | 0.777 | 0.68 | 0.28–1.63 | 0.901 |
rs7542294 | 2.80 | 1.29–7.01 | 0.158 | 2.37 | 0.87–6.46 | 0.365 |
rs2486064 | 0.89 | 0.42–1.91 | 0.777 | 0.94 | 0.42–2.19 | 0.901 |
YKL-40 (ng/ml) | ||||||
YKL-40 non-detects | 1 | reference |
P
trend
| 1 | reference |
P
trend
|
YKL-40 (7–37.9) | 0.86 | 0.13–5.54 | 0.82 | 0.12–5.67 | ||
YKL-40 (38–49.9) | 1.21 | 0.22–6.43 | 1.45 | 0.24–8.61 | ||
YKL-40 (50–65.9) | 1.72 | 0.35–8.38 | 2.27 | 0.41–12.2 | ||
YKL-40 (66–98) | 2.24 | 0.49–10.24 | 0.218**
| 2.52 | 0.49–13.01 | 0.169**
|
Exposure | Outcome atopyc
| |||||
SNP*
| ||||||
rs10920579 | 0.56 | 0.26–1.14 | 0.691 | 0.50 | 0.24–1.05 | 0.714 |
rs880633 | 0.92 | 0.55–1.51 | 0.96 | 0.94 | 0.57–1.56 | 0.913 |
rs10399931 | 0.45 | 0.24–0.91 | 0.169 | 0.43 | 0.21–0.86 | 0.251 |
rs10399805 | 1.43 | 0.64–3.19 | 0.96 | 1.63 | 0.71–3.75 | 0.913 |
rs1538372 | 0.83 | 0.48–1.39 | 0.96 | 0.81 | 0.47–1.39 | 0.913 |
rs7542294 | 1.25 | 0.62–2.55 | 0.96 | 1.37 | 0.66–2.81 | 0.913 |
rs2486064 | 0.98 | 0.61–1.59 | 0.96 | 0.89 | 0.54–1.47 | 0.913 |
YKL-40 (ng/ml) | ||||||
YKL-40 non-detects | 1 | reference |
P
trend
| 1 | reference |
P
trend
|
YKL-40 (7–37.9) | 1.15 | 0.42–3.13 | 1.09 | 0.43–3.21 | ||
YKL-40 (38–49.9) | 1 | 0.37–2.67 | 0.98 | 0.37–2.71 | ||
YKL-40 (50–65.9) | 1.44 | 0.54–3.83 | 1.35 | 0.55–3.91 | ||
YKL-40 (66–98) | 1.76 | 0.67–4.61 | 0.188**
| 1.69 | 0.66–4.58 | 0.232**
|
Univariable association | Univariable association adjusted for YKL-40 levels | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR | 95 % CI |
P-value | OR | 95 % CI |
P-value | |
Exposure | Outcome asthmaa
| |||||
SNP*
| ||||||
rs10920579 | 0.25 | 0.06–1.15 | 0.305 | 0.23 | 0.05–1.08 | 0.254 |
rs880633 | 1.33 | 0.63–2.89 | 0.777 | 1.27 | 0.59–2.75 | 0.654 |
rs10399931 | 0.21 | 0.05–0.95 | 0.212 | 0.2 | 0.04–0.89 | 0.189 |
rs10399805 | 4.50 | 1.59–12.94 | 0.031 | 4.76 | 1.66–13.62 | 0.026 |
rs1538372 | 0.74 | 0.31–1.72 | 0.777 | 0.71 | 0.31–1.68 | 0.654 |
rs7542294 | 2.80 | 1.29–7.01 | 0.158 | 2.66 | 1.06–6.72 | 0.189 |
rs2486064 | 0.89 | 0.42–1.91 | 0.777 | 0.84 | 0.39–1.81 | 0.654 |