Background
Method
Sample
Instruments and procedure
Washington State Juvenile Court Assessment (WSJCA)
Outcome measure
Analyses
Ethical approval
Results
Male juvenile offenders | Female juvenile offenders |
χ
2
(1)
| |
---|---|---|---|
(n = 10,111) | (n = 3502) | ||
Victim of sexual abuse | 8.0 % | 33.2 % | 1336.78*
|
Victim of physical abuse | 23.6 % | 36.0 % | 203.16*
|
Victim of neglect | 20.8 % | 29.4 % | 108.77*
|
General criminal recidivism | 46.6 % | 34.0 % | 167.97*
|
Violent felony recidivism | 8.5 % | 3.2 % | 110.57*
|
General Criminal Recidivism | Violent Felony Recidivism | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Male juvenile offenders | Female juvenile offenders |
Z
| Male juvenile offenders | Female juvenile offenders |
Z
| |
(n = 10,111) | (n = 3502) | (n = 10,111) | (n = 3502) | |||
Victim of: | ||||||
Sexual abuse | −.00 | .01 | .71 | −.01 | −.00 | .20 |
Physical abuse | .05***
| .04*
| .46 | .04**
| .00 | 1.84 |
Neglect | .07***
| .04*
| 1.53 | .03*
| .02 | .41 |
Dynamic risk factors in the domains: | ||||||
School | .12***
| .08***
| 2.06*
| .04***
| .04*
| .00 |
Relationship | .20***
| .14***
| 3.15**
| .12***
| .04*
| 4.11***
|
Family | .15***
| .07***
| 4.03***
| .08***
| .04*
| 2.05*
|
Alcohol/drugs abuse | .12***
| .04*
| 4.11***
| .05***
| .01 | 2.04*
|
Skills | .15***
| .14***
| .52 | .08***
| .07***
| .51 |
Attitude | .20***
| .15***
| 2.63**
| .11***
| .07***
| 2.06*
|
Aggression | .17***
| .16***
| .52 | .09***
| .09***
| .00 |
MH problems | .04***
| .06**
| −1.02 | .02*
| .04*
| −1.02 |
Male Juvenile Offenders | Female Juvenile Offenders | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 10,111) | (n = 3502) | |||||||
Gender | B | S.E. | Wald | Exp(B) | B | S.E. | Wald | Exp(B) |
Step 1 | ||||||||
School | .03 | .01 | 9.02**
| 1.03 | .01 | .02 | .6 | 1,01 |
Relationship | .12 | .02 | 53.98***
| 1.12 | .09 | .03 | 12.24***
| 1,10 |
Family | .02 | .01 | 8.79**
| 1.02 | −.00 | .01 | .09 | 1,00 |
Alcohol/drugs abuse | .07 | .02 | 16.26***
| 1.07 | −.03 | .03 | 1.16 | ,97 |
Skills | .01 | .01 | 2.45 | 1.01 | .04 | .02 | 6.33*
| 1,04 |
Attitude | .04 | .01 | 10.88**
| 1.04 | .02 | .02 | .61 | 1.02 |
Aggression | .06 | .02 | 14.20***
| 1.06 | .12 | .03 | 18.33***
| 1.13 |
MH problems | .06 | .05 | 1.45 | 1.06 | .08 | .08 | 1.04 | 1.09 |
∆χ
2(df) | 590.10 (8)***
| 132.07 (8)***
| ||||||
Step 2 | ||||||||
Physical abuse | .06 | .06 | 1.01 | 1.06 | .05 | .08 | .34 | 1.05 |
Sexual abuse | −.17 | .11 | 2.33 | .84 | −.02 | .11 | .03 | .98 |
Neglect | .16 | .05 | 8.75**
| 1.17 | .07 | .08 | .62 | 1.07 |
Constant | −1.22 | .06 | 466.50***
| .29 | −1.63 | .11 | 209.98***
| .20 |
∆χ
2(df) | 12.95 (3)**
| 1.19 (3) | ||||||
Total χ
2(df) | 604.05 (11)***
| 133.26 (11)***
|
Male Juvenile Offenders | Female Juvenile Offenders | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 10,111) | (n = 3502) | |||||||
Gender | B | S.E. | Wald | Exp(B) | B | S.E. | Wald | Exp(B) |
Step 1 | ||||||||
School | −.01 | .01 | .73 | .99 | .01 | .04 | .05 | 1.01 |
Relationship | .17 | .03 | 39.13***
| 1.19 | −.02 | .07 | .04 | .99 |
Family | .01 | .01 | .87 | 1.01 | −.02 | .03 | .27 | 1.02 |
Alcohol/drugs abuse | .01 | .03 | .08 | 1.01 | −.03 | .08 | .15 | .97 |
Skills | .03 | .02 | 3.42 | 1.03 | .08 | .05 | 2.73 | 1.08 |
Attitude | .03 | .02 | 2.28 | 1.03 | .03 | .06 | .23 | 1.03 |
Aggression | .05 | .03 | 2.40 | 1.05 | .22 | .08 | 7.45**
| 1.25 |
MH problems | .08 | .09 | .87 | 1.08 | .19 | .21 | .77 | 1.21 |
∆χ
2(df) | 173.06 (8)***
| 33.08 (8)***
| ||||||
Step 2 | ||||||||
Physical abuse | .21 | .09 | 5.29*
| 1.23 | −.21 | .22 | .85 | .81 |
Sexual abuse | −.29 | .21 | 1.98 | .75 | −.13 | .30 | .20 | .88 |
Neglect | .02 | .09 | .06 | 1.02 | .14 | .22 | .43 | 1.15 |
Constant | −3.47 | .11 | 938.74***
| .03 | −4.77 | .35 | 186.86***
| .01 |
∆χ
2(df) | 9.05 (3)*
| 1.40 (3) | ||||||
Total χ
2(df) | 182.10 (11)***
| 34.48 (11)***
|