Background
Methods
Participants
Measures
Anthropometrics
Blood pressure assessment
Statistical analysis
Results
BMI Trajectories: optimal number of BMI trajectories
Sex | Latent classes | BICa | LMR-LRTb (P-value) | BLRTc (P-value) | Convergence | Entropy value | Log Likelihood | Number of parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Boys | 1 | 23605.4 | N/A | N/A | Yes | N/A | −11738.3 | 19 |
2 | 22846.6 | 0.03 | 0.00 | Yes | 0.98 | −11345.4 | 23 | |
3
d
|
22644.4
|
0.13
|
0.67
|
Yes
|
0.99
|
−11230.7
|
27
| |
4 | 22544.7 | 0.53 | 1.00 | Yes | 0.98 | −11167.3 | 31 | |
5 | 22476.5 | 0.77 | 0.67 | Yes | 0.93 | −11119.7 | 35 | |
6 | 22438.4 | 0.61 | 1.00 | Yes | 0.94 | −11087.1 | 39 | |
7 | NO | 43 | ||||||
Girls | 1 | 27949.8 | N/A | N/A | Yes | N/A | −13909.8 | 19 |
2 | 27226.2 | 0.00 | 0.00 | Yes | 0.94 | −13534.3 | 23 | |
3 | 27155.0 | 0.10 | 0.00 | Yes | 0.76 | −13485.0 | 27 | |
4
d
|
27083.9
|
0.23
|
0.00
|
Yes
|
0.80
|
−13435.7
|
31
| |
5 | 27026.0 | 0.45 | 0.6 | Yes | 0.82 | −13393.1 | 35 | |
6 | 26990.9 | 0.63 | 1.00 | Yes | 0.78 | −13361.8 | 39 | |
7 | 26961.2 | 0.27 | 1.00 | Yes | 0.80 | −13333.3 | 43 |
Normal weight (n = 717) | Trajectory 2 (n = 142) | Trajectory 3 (n = 45) | Trajectory 4 (n = 43) | P value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Study characteristics | |||||
Birth weight (kg) | 3.0 (0.5) | 3.0 (0.5) | 3.0 (0.5) | 3.3 (0.5) | 0.01* |
Height at 18 years (cm) | 159.7 (6.2) | 158.4 (5.1) | 157.3 (6.6) | 159.3 (6.1) | 0.03* |
SBP at 18 years (mm Hg) | 114.3 (9.6) | 116.0 (9.5) | 117.9 (11.7) | 120.1 (11.3) | 0.00*** |
DBP at 18 years (mm Hg) | 71.5 (8.3) | 72.8 (8.1) | 75.8 (12.7) | 75.8 (9.0) | 0.00*** |
MAP at 18 years (mm Hg) | 85.8 (7.9) | 87.2 (7.8) | 89.8 (11.8) | 90.6 (8.9) | 0.00*** |
Elevated BP n (%) | 187 (28.5) | 28 (31.1) | 17 (43.6) | 18 (46.1) | 0.03* |
Normal weight (n = 813) | Trajectory 2 (n = 53) | Trajectory 3 (n = 11) | P value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Study characteristics | ||||
Birth weight (kg) | 3.1 (0.5) | 3.2 (0.6) | 3.2 (0 .7) | 0.46 |
Height at 18 years (cm) | 170.6 (6.7) | 172.4 (5.5) | 170.4 (7.6) | 0.21 |
SBP at 18 years (mm Hg) | 121.0 (10.8) | 124.2 (8.2) | 134.5 (16.9) | 0.00*** |
DBP at 18 years (mm Hg) | 71.0 (8.6) | 71.9 (8.3) | 76.8 (8.7) | 0.09 |
MAP at 18 years (mm Hg) | 87.7 (8.1) | 89.4 (7.3) | 96.0 (10.3) | 0.00** |
Elevated BP n (%) | 276 (38.7) | 20 (46.5) | 6 (60.0) | 0.24 |
Blood pressure in late adolescence and BMI trajectory classes
Unadjusted | Adjusted | |
---|---|---|
SBP (mm Hg) | ||
BMI Trajectory | ||
Normal Weight | Reference | Reference |
Late Onset Overweight | 1.77 (−0.38 to 3.93)a | 2.07 (−0.08 to 4.21) |
Early Onset Obese to Overweight | 3.66 (0.50 to 6.82)* | 4.18 (1.03 to 7.33)** |
Early Onset Obese to Morbidity Obese | 5.87 (2.71 to 9.03)** | 6.08 (2.93 to 9.23)** |
Birth Weight (kg) | −0.61 (−1.99 to 0.78) | |
Height (cm) at 18 years | 0.22 (0.11 to 0.34)** | |
R2 | 0.02 | 0.04 |
DBP (mm Hg) | ||
BMI Trajectory | ||
Normal Weight | Reference | Reference |
Late Onset Overweight | 1.33 (−0.57 to 3.22) | 1.40 (−0.50 to 3.30) |
Early Onset Obese to Overweight | 4.29 (1.52 to 7.07)** | 4.44 (1.65 to 7.22)** |
Early Onset Obese to Morbidity Obese | 4.25 (1.48 to 7.03)** | 4.28 (1.50 to 7.07)** |
Birth Weight (kg) | −0.05 (−1.27 to 1.18) | |
Height (cm) at 18 years | 0.06 (−0.04 to 0.16) | |
R2 | 0.02 | 0.02 |
MAP (mm Hg) | ||
BMI Trajectory | ||
Normal Weight | Reference | Reference |
Late Onset Overweight | 1.47 (−0.33 to 3.28)a | 1.62 (−0.19 to 3.43) |
Early Onset Obese to Overweight | 4.08 (1.43 to 6.73)*** | 4.35 (1.70 to 7.01)*** |
Early Onset Obese to Morbidity Obese | 4.79 (2.14 to 7.44)*** | 4.88 (2.23 to 7.54)*** |
Birth Weight (kg) | −0.23 (−1.40 to 0.93) | |
Height (cm) at 18 years | 0.12 (0.02 to 0.21)* | |
R2 | 0.03 | 0.03 |
Elevated BP at 18 years (Normal BP-reference) | OR | OR |
BMI Trajectory | ||
Normal Weight | Reference | Reference |
Late Onset Overweight | 1.13 (0.70 to 1.82) | 1.14 (0.71 to 1.84) |
Early Onset Obese to Overweight | 1.93 (1.00 to 3.72)* | 1.95 (1.01 to 3.77)* |
Early Onset Obese to Morbidity Obese | 2.15 (1.11 to 4.12)* | 2.18 (1.31 to 4.20)* |
Birth Weight (kg) | 0.93 (0.67 to 1.27) | |
Height (cm) at 18 years | 1.01 (0.98 to 1.03) | |
Pseudo R2 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
Unadjusted | Adjusted | |
---|---|---|
SBP (mm Hg) | ||
BMI Trajectory | ||
Normal Weight | Reference | Reference |
Early Onset Overweight to Normal Weight | 3.23 (−0.08 to 6.54)a | 2.85 (−0.43 to 6.13) |
Early Onset Overweight to Obese | 13.46 (6.75 to 20.17)** | 13.45 (6.82 to 20.07)** |
Birth Weight (kg) | −1.35 (−2.85 to 0.14) | |
Height (cm) at 18 years | 0.27 (0.15 to 0.38)** | |
R2 | 0.02 | 0.05 |
DBP (mm Hg) | ||
BMI Trajectory | ||
Normal Weight | Reference | Reference |
Early Onset Overweight to Normal Weight | 0.95 (−1.69 to 3.59) | 0.844 (−1.80 to 3.49) |
Early Onset Overweight to Obese | 5.77 (0.41 to 11.13) | 5.74 (0.39 to 11.10)* |
Birth Weight (kg) | −0.53 (−1.7 to 0.68) | |
Height (cm) at 18 years | 0.07 (−0.2 to 0.17) | |
R2 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
MAP (mm Hg) | ||
BMI Trajectory | ||
Normal Weight | Reference | Reference |
Early Onset Overweight to Normal Weight | 1.71 (−0.77 to 4.19)a | 1.51 (−0.96 to 3.99) |
Early Onset Overweight to Obese | 8.33 (3.3 to 13.37)*** | 8.31 (3.30 to 13.32)*** |
Birth Weight (kg) | −0.80 (−1.93 to 0.33) | |
Height (cm) at 18 years | 0.14 (0.05 to 0.22)** | |
R2 | 0.02 | 0.03 |
Elevated BP at 18 years (Normal BP-reference) | OR | OR |
BMI Trajectory | ||
Normal Weight | Reference | Reference |
Early Onset Overweight to Normal Weight | 1.38 (0.74 to 2.55) | 1.34(0.72 to 2.50) |
Early Onset Overweight to Obese | 2.38 (0.66 to 8.49) | 2.39 (0.67 to 8.57) |
Birth Weight (kg) | 0.89 (0.66 to 1.18) | |
Height (cm) at 18 years | 1.02 (1.00 to 1.05)* | |
Pseudo R2 | 0.003 | 0.01 |