Background
Methods
Data collection
Statistical analysis
Results
Baseline characteristics and outcomes
Baseline Characteristics of Patients in OS analysis | Baseline Characteristics of Patients in LCSS analysis | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No.(%) of Patients (n = 3377) | No.(%) of Patients (n = 3077) | |||||
Demographic | No Port (n = 2179) | Port (n = 1198) |
P Value for χ2 | No Port (n = 1983) | Port (n = 1094) |
P Value for χ2 |
Age at diagnosis, years | ||||||
< 65 | 887 (40.7%) | 619 (51.7%) | <0.001 | 829(41.8%) | 573(52.4%) | <0.001 |
≥ 65 | 1292 (59.3%) | 579 (48.3%) | 1154(58.2%) | 521(47.6%) | ||
Sex | ||||||
Male | 1108 (50.4%) | 605 (50.5%) | 0.846 | 996(50.2%) | 539(49.3%) | 0.611 |
Female | 1071 (49.6%) | 593 (49.5%) | 987(49.8%) | 555(50.7%) | ||
Race | ||||||
White | 1789 (82.1%) | 967 (80.7%) | 0.564 | 1624(81.9%) | 882(80.6%) | 0.622 |
Black | 209 (9.6%) | 120 (10.0%) | 193(9.7%) | 110(10.1%) | ||
Other | 181 (8.3%) | 111 (9.3%) | 166(8.4%) | 102(9.3%) | ||
Location | ||||||
Main bronchus | 28 (1.3%) | 14 (1.2%) | 0.106 | 27(1.4%) | 11(1.0%) | 0.186 |
Upper lobe | 1221 (56.0%) | 728 (60.8%) | 1116(56.3%) | 663(60.6%) | ||
Middle lobe | 102 (4.7%) | 56 (4.7%) | 93(4.7%) | 52(4.8%) | ||
Lower lobe | 760 (34.9%) | 366 (30.5%) | 683(34.4%) | 336(30.7%) | ||
Overlapping/lung, NOS | 68 (3.1%) | 34 (2.8%) | 64(3.2%) | 32(2.9%) | ||
Tumor size, cm | ||||||
≤ 3.0 | 939 (43.1%) | 507 (42.3%) | 0.805 | 849(42.8%) | 464(42.4%) | 0.73 |
3.1 to 5.0 | 711 (32.6%) | 402 (33.6%) | 645(32.5%) | 370(33.8%) | ||
5.1 to 7.0 | 323 (14.8%) | 168 (14.0%) | 301(15.2%) | 153(14.0%) | ||
≥ 7.1 | 161 (7.4%) | 99 (8.3%) | 144(7.3%) | 87(8.0%) | ||
Unknown | 45 (2.1%) | 22 (1.8%) | 44(2.2%) | 20(1.8%) | ||
T stage | ||||||
T1 | 611 (28.0%) | 326 (27.2%) | 0.155 | 550(27.7%) | 299(27.3%) | 0.355 |
T2 | 1305 (59.9%) | 701 (58.5%) | 1181(59.6%) | 638(58.3%) | ||
T3 | 244 (11.2%) | 164 (13.7%) | 233(11.7%) | 150(13.7%) | ||
TX | 19 (0.9%) | 7 (0.6%) | 19(1.0%) | 7(0.7%) | ||
Laterality | ||||||
Right | 1206 (55.3%) | 687 (57.4%) | 0.241 | 1101(55.5%) | 640(58.6%) | 0.098 |
Left | 973 (44.7%) | 509 (42.6%) | 882(44.5%) | 452(41.4%) | ||
Unspecified | / | 2 | / | 2 | ||
Histology | ||||||
Non-small cell carcinoma | 141 (6.5%) | 81 (6.8%) | 0.113 | 128(6.5%) | 71(6.5%) | 0.076 |
Adenocarcinoma, NOS | 1366 (62.7%) | 795 (66.4%) | 1251(63.1%) | 738(67.4%) | ||
Squamous cell carcinoma, NOS | 609 (27.9&) | 294 (24.5%) | 546(27.5%) | 259(23.7%) | ||
Large cell carcinoma, NOS | 63 (2.9%) | 28 (2.3%) | 58(2.9%) | 26(2.4%) | ||
Surgery type | ||||||
Lobectomy | 1894 (86.9%) | 1087 (90.7%) | 0.001 | 1719(86.7%) | 999(91.3%) | <0.001 |
Pneumonectomy | 285 (13.1%) | 111 (9.3%) | 264(13.3%) | 95(8.7%) | ||
Number of positive lymph nodes | ||||||
1 | 655 (30.1%) | 286(23.9%) | <0.001 | 588(29.7%) | 263(24.1%) | 0.009 |
2 | 426 (19.6%) | 212(17.7%) | 386(19.5%) | 194(17.7%) | ||
3 | 278 (12.8%) | 173(14.4%) | 253(12.8%) | 156(14.3%) | ||
4 | 198 (9.1%) | 116(9.7%) | 183(9.2%) | 103(9.4%) | ||
5 | 135 (6.2%) | 103(8.6%) | 124(6.3%) | 96(8.8%) | ||
6 | 101 (4.6%) | 59(4.9%) | 92(4.6%) | 54(4.9%) | ||
7 | 62(2.8%) | 41(3.4%) | 56(2.8%) | 35(3.2%) | ||
≥ 8 | 200(9.2%) | 138(11.5%) | 187(9.4%) | 127(11.6%) | ||
No. of unspecified | 124(5.9%) | 70(5.9%) | 114(5.7%) | 66(6.0%) | ||
Number of positive lymph nodes | ||||||
≤ 3 | 1359 (66.1%) | 671 (59.5%) | <0.001 | 1227 (65.7%) | 613 (59.6%) | 0.001 |
> 3 (Unspecified Excluded) | 696 (33.9%) | 457 (40.5%) | 642 (34.3%) | 415 (40.4%) |
Comparison of positive lymph nodes (n ≤ 3 and n > 3)
No. of positive lymph nodes ≤3 | No. of positive lymph nodes >3 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Overall Survival | Lung Cancer-Specific Survival | Overall Survival | Lung Cancer-Specific Survival | |||||
Variable | Hazard Ratio (95% CI) |
p
| Hazard Ratio (95% CI) |
p
| Hazard Ratio (95% CI) |
p
| Hazard Ratio (95% CI) |
p
|
Age, years | ||||||||
< 65 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | ||||
≥ 65 | 1.449(1.279 to 1.643) | <0.001 | 1.469(1.281 to 1.684) | <0.001 | 1.345(1.152 to 1.572) | <0.001 | 1.381(1.168 to 1.632) | <0.001 |
Race | 0.234 | 0.396 | 0.054 | 0.068 | ||||
White | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | ||||
Black | 1.030(0.849 to 1.249) | 0.768 | 1.012(0.817 to 1.255) | 0.91 | 0.739(0.547 to 0.998) | 0.048 | 0.757(0.557 to 1.031) | 0.077 |
Other | 0.832(0.668 to 1.037) | 0.102 | 0.849(0.667 to 1.08)) | 0.182 | 0.802(0.606 to 1.061) | 0.122 | 0.776(0.572 to 1.052) | 0.103 |
Sex | ||||||||
Female | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | ||||
Male | 1.349(1.191 to 1.528) | <0.001 | 1.366(1.192 to 1.567) | <0.001 | 1.308(1.122 to 1.525) | 0.001 | 1.279(1.085 to 1.507) | 0.003 |
Primary Site | 0.705 | 0.963 | 0.993 | 0.976 | ||||
Main bronchus | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | ||||
Upper lobe | 1.189(0.634 to 2.230) | 0.59 | 0.986(0.493 to 1.969) | 0.967 | 1.074(0.624 to 1.85) | 0.796 | 1.18(0.656 to 2.121) | 0.581 |
Middle lobe | 1.384(0.699 to 2.739) | 0.351 | 1.065(0.502 to 2.26) | 0.87 | 0.988(0.491 to 1.988) | 0.973 | 1.096(0.523 to 2.3) | 0.808 |
Lower lobe | 1.269(0.673 to 2.394) | 0.462 | 1.035(0.514 to 2.084) | 0.923 | 1.088(0.626 to 1.892) | 0.765 | 1.195(0.658 to 2.172) | 0.558 |
Overlapping/ lung, NOS | 1.241(0.616 to 2.500) | 0.545 | 1.021(0.474 to 2.198) | 0.957 | 1.055(0.535 to 2.083) | 0.876 | 1.124(0.548 to 2.306) | 0.749 |
Histology | 0.11 | 0.043 | 0.152 | 0.13 | ||||
Non-small cell carcinoma | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | ||||
Adenocarcinoma, NOS | 0.888(0.701 to 1.125) | 0.325 | 0.861(0.665 to 1.115) | 0.257 | 1.129(0.836 to 1.525) | 0.428 | 1.222(0.876 to 1.705) | 0.237 |
Squamous cell carcinoma, NOS | 1.121(0.874 to 1.437) | 0.368 | 1.047(0.797 to 1.375) | 0.741 | 1.248(0.905 to 1.722) | 0.177 | 1.456(1.018 to 2.081) | 0.039 |
Large cell carcinoma, NOS | 1.12(0.765 to 1.64) | 0.561 | 1.16(0.779 to 1.729) | 0.465 | 1.778(0.867 to 3.122) | 0.045 | 1.536(0.795 to 2.966) | 0.201 |
Laterality | ||||||||
Left | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | ||||
Right | 0.985(0.871 to 1.114) | 0.809 | 1.008(0.88 to 1.154) | 0.911 | 1.012(0.867 to 1.18) | 0.882 | 1.05(0.889 to 1.239) | 0.568 |
Tumor Size | 0.66 | 0.724 | 0.463 | 0.5 | ||||
≤ 3.0 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | ||||
3.1-5.0 | 1.008(0.838 to 1.213) | 0.93 | 1.045(0.854 to 1.385) | 0.671 | 1.068(0.849 to 1.343) | 0.575 | 1.061(0.827 to 1.36) | 0.641 |
5.1-7.0 | 1.03(0.825 to 1.286) | 0.793 | 1.088(0.854 to 1.385) | 0.495 | 1.146(0.879 to 1.496) | 0.314 | 1.13(0.85 to 1.503) | 0.4 |
≥ 7.1 | 0.879(0.661 to 1.168) | 0.374 | 0.936(0.684 to 1.28) | 0.678 | 1.216(0.888 to 1.665) | 0.222 | 1.256(0.892 to 1.767) | 0.192 |
Unknown | 1.297(0.766 to 2.196) | 0.332 | 1.344(0.765 to 2.362) | 0.304 | 0.66(0.302 to 1.44) | 0.296 | 0.692(0.316 to 1.515) | 0.357 |
T stage | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.003 | 0.005 | ||||
T1 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | ||||
T2 | 1.296(1.072 to 1.566) | 0.007 | 1.279(1.037 to 1.578) | 0.022 | 1.207(0.933 to 1.562) | 0.151 | 1.223(0.925 to 1.616) | 0.157 |
T3 | 1.722(1.324 to 2.239) | <0.001 | 1.79(1.348 to 2.375) | <0.001 | 1.769(1.291 to 2.423) | <0.001 | 1.793(1.279 to 2.514) | 0.001 |
Tx | 1.028(0.404 to 2.614) | 0.954 | 1.11(0.43 to 2.87) | 0.829 | 1.172(0.312 to 4.412) | 0.814 | 1.242(0.329 to 4.697) | 0.749 |
No. of positive lymph codea
| 0.389 | 0.17 | 0.074 | 0.075 | ||||
1/4 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | ||||
2/5 | 1.038(0.902 to 1.194) | 0.601 | 1.032(0.884 to 1.205) | 0.689 | 1.288(1.035 to 1.604) | 0.024 | 1.316(1.039 to 1.668) | 0.023 |
3/6 | 1.113(0.955 to 1.297) | 0.169 | 1.172(0.991 to 1.387) | 0.064 | 1.197(0.937 to 1.528) | 0.15 | 1.24(0.952 to 1.616) | 0.111 |
≥ 7 | 1.255(1.036 to 1.52) | 0.02 | 1.275(1.036 to 1.569) | 0.022 | ||||
Surgery type | ||||||||
Lobectomy | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | ||||
Pneumonectomy | 1.101(0.884 to 1.372) | 0.391 | 1.056(0.822 to 1.358) | 0.669 | 0.986(0.791 to 1.23) | 0.903 | 1.025(0.812 to 1.293) | 0.836 |
Port | ||||||||
No | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | ||||
Yes | 0.887(0.778 to 1.011) | 0.072 | 0.894(0.774 to 1.033) | 0.129 | 0.803(0.687 to 0.938) | 0.006 | 0.794(0.671 to 0.94) | 0.007 |