Background
Methods
Participants
Materials and methods
Condition | Pre-RIP | Switch | Post-RIP | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Visit
| 1 | Field | 2 | RIP Law Change | 3 | Field | 4 |
Product
| N | N | N | R | R | R | R |
Breath CO
| X | X | |||||
Saliva Cotinine
| X | X | |||||
Urine PAH
Metabolites
| X | X | |||||
Topography
| X | X | X | X |
Experimental: Smoking behavior, exposure biomarker, and smoking measures
Calculations
Results
Participants' characteristics
Variable | Level | Frequency | Percent |
---|---|---|---|
Gender | Male | 33 | 54.1 |
Female | 28 | 45.9 | |
Race | White | 32 | 76.2 |
Other | 10 | 23.8 | |
Players | 15 | 24.6 | |
du Maurier | 27 | 44.3 | |
Brand | Number 7 | 7 | 11.5 |
Peter Jackson | 9 | 14.5 | |
Other | 3 | 4.9 | |
Mean (SD)
| |||
Age | Years | 32.6 (12.3) | |
Age began smoking | Years | 15.5 (2.9) | |
Years smoking current brand | Years | 8.1 (8.5) | |
Cigarettes per day | N | 18.0 (7.1) | |
Time to first cigarette after waking | Minutes | 39.9 (56.2) |
Self-reported smoking behaviors
Self-reported cigarette self-extinguishment
Cigarette consumption - cigarettes per day (CPD)
Smoking topography
Topography Variable | Pre (95% CI) | Post (95% CI) | Change | B |
p
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total Volume | 834.9 (733.1, 936.7) | 831.7 (745.8, 917.6) | 0.30% | -3.17 | 0.95 |
Puff Count | 14.1 (12.7, 15.5) | 14.2 (12.6, 15.9) | 1.20% | 0.17 | 0.815 |
Per Puff Volume (mL) | 59.6 (54.2, 64.9) | 60.3 (54.9, 65.8) | 1.30% | 0.76 | 0.712 |
Puff Velocity (mL/sec) | 36.8 (33.8, 39.8) | 37.2 (34.9, 39.6) | 1.20% | 0.45 | 0.738 |
Duration of Puff (sec) | 1.7 (1.6, 1.9) | 1.7 (1.6, 1.9) | 1.20% | 20.66 | 0.719 |
Inter Puff Interval (sec) | 19.2 (17.0, 21.4) | 17.9(15.1, 20.6) | -7.20% | -1376.49 | 0.331 |
Exposure biomarkers
Carbon monoxide (CO)
Biomarker | Pre (95% CI) | Post (95% CI) | Change | B |
p
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Breath CO (ppm)1 | 4.6 (3.7, 5.4) | 4.8 (3.9, 5.7) | 4.3% | 0.26 | 0.580 |
Saliva Cotinine2 (ng/mL) | 303.9 (242.0, 381.7) | 351.1 (291.6, 422.6) | 15.5% | 0.14 | 0.126 |
Urine Naphthols2 (NAP) | 20046.3 (16281.8, 24681.3) | 22904.8 (19809.2, 26481.5) | 14.3% | 0.13 | 0.209 |
(ng/g creatinine) Urine | |||||
Hydroxyfluorenes2 (FLUOR) | 2616.3 (2121.1, 3226.7) | 3196.1 (2651.3, 3852.6) | 22.2% | 0.20 |
0.013
|
(ng/g creatinine) Urine | |||||
Hydroxyphenanthrenes2 (PHEN) | 469.1 (391.4, 562.3) | 546.6 (458.2, 652.0) | 16.5% | 0.15 | 0.061 |
(ng/g creatinine) Urine | |||||
1-hydroxypyrene 2 (PYR) (ng/g creatinine) | 162.4 (124.0, 212.7) | 200.6 (155.6, 258.6) | 23.5% | 0.21 |
0.018
|