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11.10.2018 | Article

Circulating prolactin concentrations and risk of type 2 diabetes in US women

verfasst von: Jun Li, Megan S. Rice, Tianyi Huang, Susan E. Hankinson, Charles V. Clevenger, Frank B. Hu, Shelley S. Tworoger

Erschienen in: Diabetologia | Ausgabe 12/2018

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Abstract

Aims/hypothesis

Prolactin, a multifunctional hormone, is involved in regulating insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis in experimental studies. However, whether circulating concentrations of prolactin are associated with risk of type 2 diabetes remains uncertain.

Methods

We analysed the prospective relationship between circulating prolactin concentrations and type 2 diabetes risk in the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS) and NHSII with up to 22 years of follow-up. Total plasma prolactin was measured using immunoassay in 8615 women free of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease at baseline blood collection (NHS 1989–1990; NHSII 1996–1999) and a subset of 998 NHS women providing a second blood sample during 2000–2002. Baseline bioactive prolactin was measured in a subset of 2478 women using the Nb2 bioassay. HRs were estimated using Cox regression.

Results

A total of 699 incident type 2 diabetes cases were documented during 156,140 person-years of follow-up. Total plasma prolactin levels were inversely associated with type 2 diabetes risk; the multivariable HR comparing the highest with the lowest quartile was 0.73 (95% CI 0.55, 0.95; p_trend = 0.02). The associations were similar by menopausal status and other risk factors (p_interaction > 0.70). Additional adjustment for sex and growth hormones, adiponectin, and inflammatory and insulin markers did not significantly alter the results. The association of plasma bioactive prolactin with type 2 diabetes risk was non-significantly stronger than that of total prolactin (HR comparing extreme quartiles, 0.53 vs 0.81 among the subset of 2478 women, p_difference = 0.11). The inverse association of total prolactin with type 2 diabetes was significant during the first 9 years after blood draw but waned linearly with time, whereas for bioactive prolactin, the inverse relationship persisted for a longer follow-up time after blood draw.

Conclusions/interpretation

A normally high circulating total prolactin concentration was associated with a lower type 2 diabetes risk within 9–10 years of follow-up since blood draw in US women. Our findings are consistent with experimental evidence, suggesting that among healthy women, prolactin within the biologically normal range may play a protective role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes.

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Titel: Circulating prolactin concentrations and risk of type 2 diabetes in US women
verfasst von: Jun Li
Megan S. Rice
Tianyi Huang
Susan E. Hankinson
Charles V. Clevenger
Frank B. Hu
Shelley S. Tworoger
Publikationsdatum: 11.10.2018
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in: Diabetologia / Ausgabe 12/2018
Print ISSN: 0012-186X
Elektronische ISSN: 1432-0428
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-018-4733-9

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Circulating prolactin concentrations and risk of type 2 diabetes in US women

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