Introduction
Clinical materials and methods
Patient characteristics
Methods
Diagnostic criteria
Experimental detection and treatment methods
Statistical analysis
Results
Assessment | Patient 1 | Patient 2 | Patient 3 | Patient 4 | Patient 5 | Patient 6 | Patient 7 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Prodromal symptomsa (14.3%) | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No |
Psychiatric disorders (5/7, 71.4%) | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
Cognitive decline (6/7, 85.7%) | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Consciousness disturbance (2/7, 28.6%) | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | Yes |
Epilepsy (100%) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Involuntary movement (2/7, 28.6%) | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | Yes |
CSF pressure (mmH2O) | – | – | 220 | – | 210 | – | – |
WBC in CSFb | – | – | – | 67 × 106/L | – | – | – |
CSF proteinc | – | – | – | – | 594 mg/L | – | – |
EEG | Epileptic waves | Moderate abnormality | Mild or moderate abnormality | --- | epileptic waves | Epileptic waves | Moderate abnormality |
Lesions on brain MRI | Right hippocampus and amygdala | Right temporal lobe | Bilateral hippocampus and medial temporal lobe | No lesion | Right temporal lobe and occipital lobe | No lesion | Bilateral hippocampus |
Tumors | – | Cervical cancer | Lung cancer | Lung cancer | – | – | – |
Serum antibody titer | 1:100 | 1:10 | 1:320 | 1:320 | 1:10 | 1:10 | 1:100 |
CSF antibody titer | 1:100 | 1:32 | 1:10 | 1:32 | Negative | Negative | 1:10 |
mRS score at admission (3.86 ± 0.90) | 3 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 4 |
Corticosteroid pulse therapy | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
IVIg | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes |
AED treatment in hospital | CBZ, BDZ | CBZ, BDZ | TPM, VPA | VPA, BDZ | VPA, LEV | PB, OXC, TPM | VPA, BDZ |
Residual symptoms at discharge | Hypophrenia | Hypophrenia and psychosis | Psychosis | Psychosis | Hypophrenia | Psychosis | No |
Follow-up period | 19 months | 16 months | 14 months | 10 months | 14 months | 16 months | 24 months |
Consciousness (0%) | Clear | Clear | Clear | Clear | Clear | Clear | Clear |
Cognitive function (2/7, 28.6%) | Normal | Normal | Normal | Normal | Memory deficits | Normal | Memory deficits |
Psychiatric disorders (1/7, 14.3%) | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | No |
mRS score at follow-up (2.0 ± 2.31 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 1 |
Prednisone treatment after discharge | 1 month | 3 months | < 1 month | < 10 months | < 1 month | 3 months | 6 months |
Azathioprine treatment after discharge | 1 month | 1 year | 2 months | < 10 months | < 1 month | 1 year | 1 year |
AED treatment after discharge | CBZ × 1 month | CBZ × 3 months | TPM VPA < 1 month | VPA × 10 months | VPA, LEV × 14 months | PB, OXC, TPM × 16 months | VPA × 6 months |