Background
Methods
Study population and methods
Statistical methods
Results
Patient characteristics and HRQoL scores
Characteristics | CKD G3a (n = 499) | CKD G3b (n = 778) | Missing value |
p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 49.84 ± 12.76 | 52.86 ± 12.71 | 0 | <0.001 |
Men | 355 (71.1%) | 458 (58.8%) | 0 | <0.001 |
Duration of CKD (years) | 1 (0,4) | 1 (0,4) | 0 | 0.45 |
Current smoking | 199 (40.9%) | 313 (41.9%) | 43 | 0.72 |
Drinkers (≥1 times per day) | 15 (3.1%) | 23 (3.1%) | 55 | 0.10 |
High school education (%) | 315 (64.0%) | 398 (51.8%) | 17 | <0.001 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 24.71 ± 3.37 | 24.78 ± 4.70 | 102 | 0.74 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 129.54 ± 16.67 | 132.01 ± 17.16 | 143 | 0.02 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 82.29 ± 15.56 | 81.65 ± 10.74 | 143 | 0.42 |
Hypertension | 400 (80.2%) | 631 (81.1%) | 0 | 0.68 |
Serum total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.89 (4.00,5.97) | 4.68 (3.86,5.79) | 75 | 0.04 |
Serum LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 2.67 ± 0.94 | 2.66 ± 1.00 | 97 | 0.82 |
Serum HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.07 ± 0.31 | 1.13 ± 0.41 | 96 | 0.01 |
Hyperlipidemia | 155 (33.8%) | 214 (29.2%) | 86 | 0.10 |
Serum creatinine (μmol/L) | 129.50 ± 18.84 | 163.27 ± 27.49 | 0 | <0.001 |
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 51.61 ± 4.24 | 37.13 ± 4.33 | 0 | <0.001 |
Fasting Blood glucose (mmol/L) | 5.28 ± 1.73 | 5.41 ± 1.86 | 77 | 0.25 |
Diabetes mellitus | 130 (26.1%) | 216 (27.8%) | 0 | 0.50 |
Cardiovascular disease | 128 (25.9%) | 218 (28.5%) | 17 | 0.32 |
Uric acid (μmol/L) | 402.46 ± 105.51 | 426.14 ± 111.37 | 18 | <0.001 |
Hyperuricemia | 256 (52.0%) | 471 (61.4%) | 18 | 0.001 |
Albumin | 39.81 ± 6.96 | 39.56 ± 6.60 | 47 | 0.52 |
ACR (mg/g creatinine) | 315.37 (63.67,724.88) | 340.19 (74.78,860.03) | 175 | 0.19 |
Hematuria | 230 (53.4%) | 332 (50.2%) | 184 | 0.30 |
Hemoglobin | 134.17 ± 21.68 | 127.56 ± 46.83 | 110 | 0.004 |
Anemia | 83 (17.9%) | 185 (26.4%) | 110 | <0.001 |
Serum Bicarbonate | 26.49 ± 4.20 | 25.46 ± 3.83 | 123 | <0.001 |
Metabolic Acidosis | 109 (21.8%) | 180 (23.1%) | 0 | 0.59 |
Serum calcium | 2.24 ± 0.22 | 2.25 ± 0.22 | 49 | 0.71 |
Serum phosphorus | 1.17 ± 0.40 | 1.18 ± 0.25 | 58 | 0.84 |
Serum iPTH | 47.95 ± 28.94 | 59.15 ± 37.74 | 240 | <0.001 |
CKD-MBD | 398 (79.8%) | 636 (81.8%) | 0 | 0.38 |
Hs-CRP | 1.5 (0.66,3.33) | 1.4 (0.59,3.72) | 225 | 0.51 |
Symptoms and Problems (S) | 90.88 ± 11.05 | 89.30 ± 11.52 | 70 | 0.02 |
Effects of the Kidney disease (E) | 88.29 ± 11.94 | 86.49 ± 13.45 | 70 | 0.02 |
Burden of the Kidney disease (B) | 55.86 ± 26.40 | 52.10 ± 27.64 | 70 | 0.02 |
SF-12 Physical Functioning (PCS) | 46.56 ± 8.16 | 44.51 ± 9.22 | 70 | <0.001 |
SF-12 Mental Functioning (MCS) | 51.18 ± 8.38 | 50.2 ± 9.20 | 70 | 0.06 |
Proportions of CKD-related complications according to a two-dimensional staging of CKD
CKD G3a (n = 417) |
P for trend (G3a) | CKD G3b (n = 685) |
P for trend (G3b) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A1a n = 39 | A1b n = 45 | A2 n = 118 | A3 n = 215 | A1a n = 43 | A1b n = 56 | A2 n = 226 | A3 n = 360 |
P for trend (total) | |||
Hypertension | 32 (82.1%) | 36 (80.0%) | 101 (85.6%) | 167 (77.7%) | 0.37 | 35 (81.4%) | 43 (76.8%) | 187 (82.7%) | 293 (81.4%) | 0.78 | 0.87 |
Hyperlipidemia | 11 (28.2%) | 15 (33.3%) | 34 (28.8%) | 77 (35.8%) | 0.25 | 6 (14.0%) | 11 (19.6%) | 51 (22.6%) | 127 (35.3%) | <0.001 | 0.98 |
Hyperuricemia | 21 (53.9%) | 17 (37.8%) | 61 (51.7%) | 117 (54.4%) | 0.36 | 19 (44.2%) | 34 (60.7%) | 151 (66.8%) | 214 (59.4%) | 0.55 | 0.001 |
Anemia | 7 (18.0%) | 8 (17.8%) | 17 (14.4%) | 43 (20.0%) | 0.54 | 12 (27.9%) | 9 (16.1%) | 40 (17.7%) | 104 (28.9%) | 0.05 | 0.001 |
Metabolic Acidosis | 3 (7.7%) | 9 (20.0%) | 22 (18.6%) | 38 (17.7%) | 0.34 | 9 (20.9%) | 15 (26.8%) | 50 (22.1%) | 64 (17.8%) | 0.16 | 0.38 |
CKD-MBD | 30 (76.9%) | 33 (73.3%) | 95 (80.5%) | 168 (78.1%) | 0.71 | 31 (72.1%) | 49 (87.5%) | 181 (80.1%) | 291 (80.8%) | 0.63 | 0.26 |
CVD | 10 (25.6%) | 18 (40.0%) | 21 (17.8%) | 63 (29.3%) | 1 | 11 (25.6%) | 18 (32.1%) | 71 (31.4%) | 98 (27.2%) | 0.68 | 0.56 |
Quality of Life | 40.15 ± 18.69 | 38.41 ± 17.76 | 43.87 ± 18.52 | 42.18 ± 19.16 | 0.41 | 37.16 ± 16.27 | 42.68 ± 17.89 | 39.54 ± 19.42 | 38.98 ± 20.71 | 0.63 | 0.25 |
Multiple linear regression
Risk factor | Regression coefficient (95% confidence interval)a
|
p-value |
---|---|---|
Symptoms and Problems (S) | −0.91 (−2.26,0.43) | 0.18 |
Effects of the Kidney Disease (E) | −1.38 (−2.94,0.17) | 0.08 |
Burden of the Kidney Disease (B) | −3.00 (−6.25,0.26) | 0.07 |
SF-12 Physical Functioning (PCS) | −1.12 (−2.23,-0.16) | 0.02 |
SF-12 Mental Functioning (MCS) | −1.00 (−2.08,0.06) | 0.07 |