Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics 2/2018

07.06.2018 | Review

Clinical outcomes of frozen embryo versus fresh embryo transfer following in vitro fertilization: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

verfasst von: Wanlin Zhang, Xifeng Xiao, Junyan Zhang, Wenjun Wang, Jing Wu, Ling Peng, Xiaohong Wang

Erschienen in: Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics | Ausgabe 2/2018

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Purpose

To examine available data from randomized controlled trials to assess if the freeze-all embryo and subsequent frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) results in better clinical outcomes than fresh embryo transfer (ET).

Methods

Meta-analysis.

Results

We conducted an electronic literature search on PubMed and Embase databases and manually supplemented another 2 articles from relevant citations. Seven studies were finally included in the meta-analysis,including 1141 women who underwent fresh embryo transfer and 1079 who underwent frozen embryo transfer. The results of the meta-analysis suggested that the live birth rate [RR (95% CI) 1.18 (1.08–1.30), P = 0.0003] and clinical pregnancy rate [RR (95% CI) 1.10 (1.02–1.19), P = 0.02] were significantly higher in FET group. Miscarriage rate [RR (95% CI) 0.62 (0.48–0.80), P = 0.0002], and moderate to severe OHSS occurrence rate [RR (95% CI) 0.22 (0.12 to 0.39), P < 0.00001] were significantly lower in FET group. Differences of biochemical pregnancy rate, ongoing pregnancy rate and implantation rate between the two groups did not reach the statistical significance.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that the IVF/ICSI with FET is more efficient and less risky for OHSS compared with ET. However, we should comprehensively inform patients with advantages, disadvantages and potential risks related to embryo cryopreservation, and carefully assess their fertility conditions to make the most beneficial clinical decision.
Anhänge
Nur mit Berechtigung zugänglich
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Direkvand-Moghadam A, Delpisheh A, Khosravi A (2013) Epidemiology of female infertility; a review of literature. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 10(2):559–567CrossRef Direkvand-Moghadam A, Delpisheh A, Khosravi A (2013) Epidemiology of female infertility; a review of literature. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 10(2):559–567CrossRef
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Wong KM, Mastenbroek S, Repping S (2014) Cryopreservation of human embryos and its contribution to in vitro fertilization success rates. Fertil Steril 102(1):19–26CrossRefPubMed Wong KM, Mastenbroek S, Repping S (2014) Cryopreservation of human embryos and its contribution to in vitro fertilization success rates. Fertil Steril 102(1):19–26CrossRefPubMed
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Chen ZJ, Shi Y, Sun Y, Zhang B, Liang X, Cao Y et al (2016) Fresh versus frozen embryos for infertility in the polycystic ovary syndrome. N Engl J Med 375(6):523–533CrossRefPubMed Chen ZJ, Shi Y, Sun Y, Zhang B, Liang X, Cao Y et al (2016) Fresh versus frozen embryos for infertility in the polycystic ovary syndrome. N Engl J Med 375(6):523–533CrossRefPubMed
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Coates A, Kung A, Mounts E, Hesla J, Bankowski B, Barbieri E et al (2017) Optimal euploid embryo transfer strategy, fresh versus frozen, after preimplantation genetic screening with next generation sequencing: a randomized controlled trial. Fertil Steril 107(723–30):e3 Coates A, Kung A, Mounts E, Hesla J, Bankowski B, Barbieri E et al (2017) Optimal euploid embryo transfer strategy, fresh versus frozen, after preimplantation genetic screening with next generation sequencing: a randomized controlled trial. Fertil Steril 107(723–30):e3
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Ferraretti AP, Gianaroli L, Magli C, Fortini D, Selman HA, Feliciani E (1999) Elective cryopreservation of all pronucleate embryos in women at risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome: efficiency and safety. Hum Reprod (Oxford, England) 14:1457–1460CrossRef Ferraretti AP, Gianaroli L, Magli C, Fortini D, Selman HA, Feliciani E (1999) Elective cryopreservation of all pronucleate embryos in women at risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome: efficiency and safety. Hum Reprod (Oxford, England) 14:1457–1460CrossRef
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Yang S, Pang T, Li R, Yang R, Zhen X, Chen X et al (2015) The individualized choice of embryo transfer timing for patients with elevated serum progesterone level on the HCG day in IVF/ICSI cycles: a prospective randomized clinical study. Gynecol Endocrinol 31:355–358CrossRefPubMed Yang S, Pang T, Li R, Yang R, Zhen X, Chen X et al (2015) The individualized choice of embryo transfer timing for patients with elevated serum progesterone level on the HCG day in IVF/ICSI cycles: a prospective randomized clinical study. Gynecol Endocrinol 31:355–358CrossRefPubMed
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Shaker AG, Zosmer A, Dean N, Bekir JS, Jacobs HS, Tan SL (1996) Comparison of intravenous albumin and transfer of fresh embryos with cryopreservation of all embryos for subsequent transfer in prevention of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Fertil Steril 65:992–996CrossRefPubMed Shaker AG, Zosmer A, Dean N, Bekir JS, Jacobs HS, Tan SL (1996) Comparison of intravenous albumin and transfer of fresh embryos with cryopreservation of all embryos for subsequent transfer in prevention of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Fertil Steril 65:992–996CrossRefPubMed
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Shapiro BS, Daneshmand ST, Garner FC, Aguirre M, Hudson C, Thomas S (2011) Evidence of impaired endometrial receptivity after ovarian stimulation for in vitro fertilization: a prospective randomized trial comparing fresh and frozen-thawed embryo transfer in normal responders. Fertil Steril 96:344–348CrossRefPubMed Shapiro BS, Daneshmand ST, Garner FC, Aguirre M, Hudson C, Thomas S (2011) Evidence of impaired endometrial receptivity after ovarian stimulation for in vitro fertilization: a prospective randomized trial comparing fresh and frozen-thawed embryo transfer in normal responders. Fertil Steril 96:344–348CrossRefPubMed
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Shapiro BS, Daneshmand ST, Garner FC, Aguirre M, Hudson C, Thomas S (2011) Evidence of impaired endometrial receptivity after ovarian stimulation for in vitro fertilization: a prospective randomized trial comparing fresh and frozen-thawed embryo transfers in high responders. Fertil Steril 96:516–518CrossRefPubMed Shapiro BS, Daneshmand ST, Garner FC, Aguirre M, Hudson C, Thomas S (2011) Evidence of impaired endometrial receptivity after ovarian stimulation for in vitro fertilization: a prospective randomized trial comparing fresh and frozen-thawed embryo transfers in high responders. Fertil Steril 96:516–518CrossRefPubMed
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG, Group TP (2009) Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. Rev Esp Nutr Hum Diet 18:889–896 Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG, Group TP (2009) Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. Rev Esp Nutr Hum Diet 18:889–896
11.
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Shuster JJ (2011) Review: Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews for interventions, Version 5.1.0, published 3/2011. In: Higgins JPT, Green S (eds) Res Synth Methods vol 2:126–130 Shuster JJ (2011) Review: Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews for interventions, Version 5.1.0, published 3/2011. In: Higgins JPT, Green S (eds) Res Synth Methods vol 2:126–130
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Wong KM, van Wey M, Mol F, Repping S, Mastenbroek S (2017) Fresh versus frozen embryo transfers in assisted reproduction. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 3:Cd011184PubMed Wong KM, van Wey M, Mol F, Repping S, Mastenbroek S (2017) Fresh versus frozen embryo transfers in assisted reproduction. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 3:Cd011184PubMed
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Roque M, Lattes K, Serra S, Garcia-De-Jesus S, Cantillo A, Geber S et al (2012) Fresh embryo transfer versus frozen-thawed embryo transfer in assisted reproduction technique cycles: a systematic review and meta-analysis. In: 28th Annual meeting of European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE) Congress; 2012 Feb 05; Hum Reprod 2012 Roque M, Lattes K, Serra S, Garcia-De-Jesus S, Cantillo A, Geber S et al (2012) Fresh embryo transfer versus frozen-thawed embryo transfer in assisted reproduction technique cycles: a systematic review and meta-analysis. In: 28th Annual meeting of European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE) Congress; 2012 Feb 05; Hum Reprod 2012
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Legro RS, Wu X, Barnhart KT, Farquhar C, Fauser BC, Mol B (2014) Improving the reporting of clinical trials of infertility treatments (IMPRINT): modifying the CONSORT statementdaggerdouble dagger. Hum Reprod (Oxford, England) 29:2075–2082CrossRef Legro RS, Wu X, Barnhart KT, Farquhar C, Fauser BC, Mol B (2014) Improving the reporting of clinical trials of infertility treatments (IMPRINT): modifying the CONSORT statementdaggerdouble dagger. Hum Reprod (Oxford, England) 29:2075–2082CrossRef
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Rodriguez-Purata J, Lee J, Whitehouse M, Duke M, Grunfeld L, Sandler B et al (2016) Reproductive outcome is optimized by genomic embryo screening, vitrification, and subsequent transfer into a prepared synchronous endometrium. J Assist Reprod Gen 33:401–412CrossRef Rodriguez-Purata J, Lee J, Whitehouse M, Duke M, Grunfeld L, Sandler B et al (2016) Reproductive outcome is optimized by genomic embryo screening, vitrification, and subsequent transfer into a prepared synchronous endometrium. J Assist Reprod Gen 33:401–412CrossRef
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Shapiro BS, Daneshmand ST, Restrepo H, Garner FC, Aguirre M, Hudson C (2013) Matched-cohort comparison of single-embryo transfers in fresh and frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles. Fertil Steril 99:389–392CrossRefPubMed Shapiro BS, Daneshmand ST, Restrepo H, Garner FC, Aguirre M, Hudson C (2013) Matched-cohort comparison of single-embryo transfers in fresh and frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles. Fertil Steril 99:389–392CrossRefPubMed
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Awonuga AO, Pittrof RJ, Zaidi J, Dean N, Jacobs HS, Tan SL (1996) Elective cryopreservation of all embryos in women at risk of developing ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome may not prevent the condition but reduces the live birth rate. J Assist Reprod Gen 13:401–406CrossRef Awonuga AO, Pittrof RJ, Zaidi J, Dean N, Jacobs HS, Tan SL (1996) Elective cryopreservation of all embryos in women at risk of developing ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome may not prevent the condition but reduces the live birth rate. J Assist Reprod Gen 13:401–406CrossRef
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Bourne H, Richings N, Harari O, Watkins W, Speirs AL, Johnston WI et al (1995) The use of intracytoplasmic sperm injection for the treatment of severe and extreme male infertility. Reprod Fertil Dev 7:237–245CrossRefPubMed Bourne H, Richings N, Harari O, Watkins W, Speirs AL, Johnston WI et al (1995) The use of intracytoplasmic sperm injection for the treatment of severe and extreme male infertility. Reprod Fertil Dev 7:237–245CrossRefPubMed
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Wang CZ, Feng GX, Zhang B, Zhou H, Shu JH, Gan XY et al (2014) Chen HH. [Effects of IVF versus ICSI on the outcomes of elective blastocyst culture. Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue 20(8):697–701PubMed Wang CZ, Feng GX, Zhang B, Zhou H, Shu JH, Gan XY et al (2014) Chen HH. [Effects of IVF versus ICSI on the outcomes of elective blastocyst culture. Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue 20(8):697–701PubMed
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Nouri K, Ott J, Stoegbauer L, Pietrowski D, Frantal S, Walch K (2013) Obstetric and perinatal outcomes in IVF versus ICSI-conceived pregnancies at a tertiary care center–a pilot study. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 11:84CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Nouri K, Ott J, Stoegbauer L, Pietrowski D, Frantal S, Walch K (2013) Obstetric and perinatal outcomes in IVF versus ICSI-conceived pregnancies at a tertiary care center–a pilot study. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 11:84CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Elgindy EA, Abou-Setta AM, Mostafa MI (2011) Blastocyst-stage versus cleavage-stage embryo transfer in women with high oestradiol concentrations: randomized controlled trial. Reprod Biomed Online 23(6):789–798CrossRefPubMed Elgindy EA, Abou-Setta AM, Mostafa MI (2011) Blastocyst-stage versus cleavage-stage embryo transfer in women with high oestradiol concentrations: randomized controlled trial. Reprod Biomed Online 23(6):789–798CrossRefPubMed
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Fang C, Huang R, Wei LN, Jia L (2015) Frozen-thawed day 5 blastocyst transfer is associated with a lower risk of ectopic pregnancy than day 3 transfer and fresh transfer. Fertil Steril 103(3):655–661.e3 Fang C, Huang R, Wei LN, Jia L (2015) Frozen-thawed day 5 blastocyst transfer is associated with a lower risk of ectopic pregnancy than day 3 transfer and fresh transfer. Fertil Steril 103(3):655–661.e3
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Glujovsky D, Farquhar C, Quinteiro Retamar AM, Alvarer Sedo CR, Blake D (2012) Cleavage stage versus blastocyst stage embryo transfer in assisted reproductive technology. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 7:Cd002118 Glujovsky D, Farquhar C, Quinteiro Retamar AM, Alvarer Sedo CR, Blake D (2012) Cleavage stage versus blastocyst stage embryo transfer in assisted reproductive technology. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 7:Cd002118
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Li RR, Dong YZ, Guo YH, Sun YP, Su YC, Chen F (2013) Comparative study of pregnancy outcomes between day 3 embryo transfer and day 5 blastocyst transfer in patients with progesterone elevation. J Int Med Res 41(4):1318–1325CrossRefPubMed Li RR, Dong YZ, Guo YH, Sun YP, Su YC, Chen F (2013) Comparative study of pregnancy outcomes between day 3 embryo transfer and day 5 blastocyst transfer in patients with progesterone elevation. J Int Med Res 41(4):1318–1325CrossRefPubMed
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Papanikolaou EG, Camus M, Fatemi HM, Tournaye H, Verheyen G, Van Steirteghem A et al (2006) Early pregnancy loss is significantly higher after day 3 single embryo transfer than after day 5 single blastocyst transfer in GnRH antagonist stimulated IVF cycles. Reprod Biomed Online 12(1):60–65CrossRefPubMed Papanikolaou EG, Camus M, Fatemi HM, Tournaye H, Verheyen G, Van Steirteghem A et al (2006) Early pregnancy loss is significantly higher after day 3 single embryo transfer than after day 5 single blastocyst transfer in GnRH antagonist stimulated IVF cycles. Reprod Biomed Online 12(1):60–65CrossRefPubMed
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Kolibianakis E, Bourgain C, Albano C, Osmanagaoglu K, Smitz J, Steirteghem AV et al (2002) Effect of ovarian stimulation with recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone, gonadotropin releasing hormone antagonists, and human chorionic gonadotropin on endometrial maturation on the day of oocyte pick-up. Fertil Steril 78:1025–1029CrossRefPubMed Kolibianakis E, Bourgain C, Albano C, Osmanagaoglu K, Smitz J, Steirteghem AV et al (2002) Effect of ovarian stimulation with recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone, gonadotropin releasing hormone antagonists, and human chorionic gonadotropin on endometrial maturation on the day of oocyte pick-up. Fertil Steril 78:1025–1029CrossRefPubMed
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Ubaldi F, Bourgain C, Tournaye H, Smitz J, Van SA, Devroey P (1997) Endometrial evaluation by aspiration biopsy on the day of oocyte retrieval in the embryo transfer cycles in patients with serum progesterone rise during the follicular phase. Fertil Steril 67:521–526CrossRefPubMed Ubaldi F, Bourgain C, Tournaye H, Smitz J, Van SA, Devroey P (1997) Endometrial evaluation by aspiration biopsy on the day of oocyte retrieval in the embryo transfer cycles in patients with serum progesterone rise during the follicular phase. Fertil Steril 67:521–526CrossRefPubMed
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Horcajadas JA, Riesewijk A, Polman J, Os RV, Pellicer A, Mosselman S et al (2005) Effect of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation in IVF on endometrial gene expression profiles. Mol Hum Reprod 11:195–205CrossRefPubMed Horcajadas JA, Riesewijk A, Polman J, Os RV, Pellicer A, Mosselman S et al (2005) Effect of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation in IVF on endometrial gene expression profiles. Mol Hum Reprod 11:195–205CrossRefPubMed
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Van VI, Van LL, Ghislain V, In’T VP, Schuit F, Fatemi HM et al (2009) In GnRH antagonist/rec-FSH stimulated cycles, advanced endometrial maturation on the day of oocyte retrieval correlates with altered gene expression. Hum Reprod 24:1085–1091CrossRef Van VI, Van LL, Ghislain V, In’T VP, Schuit F, Fatemi HM et al (2009) In GnRH antagonist/rec-FSH stimulated cycles, advanced endometrial maturation on the day of oocyte retrieval correlates with altered gene expression. Hum Reprod 24:1085–1091CrossRef
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Roque M, Valle M, Kostolias A, Sampaio M, Geber S (2017) Freeze-all cycle in reproductive medicine: current perspectives. JBRA Assist Reprod 21:49–53CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Roque M, Valle M, Kostolias A, Sampaio M, Geber S (2017) Freeze-all cycle in reproductive medicine: current perspectives. JBRA Assist Reprod 21:49–53CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Maheshwari A, Pandey S, Shetty A, Hamilton M, Bhattacharya S (2012) Obstetric and perinatal outcomes in singleton pregnancies resulting from the transfer of frozen thawed versus fresh embryos generated through in vitro fertilization treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Fertil Steril 98:368–377.e1–9 Maheshwari A, Pandey S, Shetty A, Hamilton M, Bhattacharya S (2012) Obstetric and perinatal outcomes in singleton pregnancies resulting from the transfer of frozen thawed versus fresh embryos generated through in vitro fertilization treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Fertil Steril 98:368–377.e1–9
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Nakashima A, Araki R, Tani H, Ishihara O, Kuwahara A, Irahara M et al (2013) Implications of assisted reproductive technologies on term singleton birth weight: an analysis of 25,777 children in the national assisted reproduction registry of Japan. Fertil Steril 99:450–455CrossRefPubMed Nakashima A, Araki R, Tani H, Ishihara O, Kuwahara A, Irahara M et al (2013) Implications of assisted reproductive technologies on term singleton birth weight: an analysis of 25,777 children in the national assisted reproduction registry of Japan. Fertil Steril 99:450–455CrossRefPubMed
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Ishihara O, Araki R, Kuwahara A, Itakura A, Saito H, Adamson GD (2014) Impact of frozen-thawed single-blastocyst transfer on maternal and neonatal outcome: an analysis of 277,042 single-embryo transfer cycles from 2008 to 2010 in Japan. Fertil Steril 101:128–133CrossRefPubMed Ishihara O, Araki R, Kuwahara A, Itakura A, Saito H, Adamson GD (2014) Impact of frozen-thawed single-blastocyst transfer on maternal and neonatal outcome: an analysis of 277,042 single-embryo transfer cycles from 2008 to 2010 in Japan. Fertil Steril 101:128–133CrossRefPubMed
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Yin L, Hang F, Gu LJ, Xu B, Ma D, Zhu GJ (2013) Analysis of birth defects among children 3 years after conception through assisted reproductive technology in China. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol 97:744–749CrossRefPubMed Yin L, Hang F, Gu LJ, Xu B, Ma D, Zhu GJ (2013) Analysis of birth defects among children 3 years after conception through assisted reproductive technology in China. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol 97:744–749CrossRefPubMed
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Shapiro BS, Daneshmand ST, Bedient CE, Garner FC (2016) Comparison of birth weights in patients randomly assigned to fresh or frozen-thawed embryo transfer. Fertil Steril 106:317–321CrossRefPubMed Shapiro BS, Daneshmand ST, Bedient CE, Garner FC (2016) Comparison of birth weights in patients randomly assigned to fresh or frozen-thawed embryo transfer. Fertil Steril 106:317–321CrossRefPubMed
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Wennerholm UB, Henningsen AK, Romundstad LB, Bergh C, Pinborg A, Skjaerven R et al (2013) Perinatal outcomes of children born after frozen-thawed embryo transfer: a Nordic cohort study from the CoNARTaS group. Hum Reprod (Oxford, England) 28:2545–2553CrossRef Wennerholm UB, Henningsen AK, Romundstad LB, Bergh C, Pinborg A, Skjaerven R et al (2013) Perinatal outcomes of children born after frozen-thawed embryo transfer: a Nordic cohort study from the CoNARTaS group. Hum Reprod (Oxford, England) 28:2545–2553CrossRef
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Maldonado MB, Penteado JC, Faccio BM, Lopes FL, Arnold DR (2015) Changes in tri-methylation profile of lysines 4 and 27 of histone H3 in bovine blastocysts after cryopreservation. Cryobiology 71:481–485CrossRefPubMed Maldonado MB, Penteado JC, Faccio BM, Lopes FL, Arnold DR (2015) Changes in tri-methylation profile of lysines 4 and 27 of histone H3 in bovine blastocysts after cryopreservation. Cryobiology 71:481–485CrossRefPubMed
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Saenz-De-Juano MD, Peñaranda DS, Marco-Jiménez F, Vicente JS (2014) Does vitrification alter the methylation pattern of OCT4 promoter in rabbit late blastocyst? Cryobiology 69:178–180CrossRefPubMed Saenz-De-Juano MD, Peñaranda DS, Marco-Jiménez F, Vicente JS (2014) Does vitrification alter the methylation pattern of OCT4 promoter in rabbit late blastocyst? Cryobiology 69:178–180CrossRefPubMed
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Tarín JJ, Garcíapérez MA, Cano A (2014) Assisted reproductive technology results: why are live-birth percentages so low? Mol Reprod Dev 81:568–583CrossRefPubMed Tarín JJ, Garcíapérez MA, Cano A (2014) Assisted reproductive technology results: why are live-birth percentages so low? Mol Reprod Dev 81:568–583CrossRefPubMed
Metadaten
Titel
Clinical outcomes of frozen embryo versus fresh embryo transfer following in vitro fertilization: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
verfasst von
Wanlin Zhang
Xifeng Xiao
Junyan Zhang
Wenjun Wang
Jing Wu
Ling Peng
Xiaohong Wang
Publikationsdatum
07.06.2018
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics / Ausgabe 2/2018
Print ISSN: 0932-0067
Elektronische ISSN: 1432-0711
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-018-4786-5

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 2/2018

Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics 2/2018 Zur Ausgabe

Update Gynäkologie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert – ganz bequem per eMail.