Introduction
Items | Score |
---|---|
Subjective symptom (9 points) | |
Low back pain | |
None | 3 |
Occasionally mild | 2 |
Always present or sometimes severe | 1 |
Always severe | 0 |
Leg pain and/or numbness | |
None | 3 |
Occasionally mild | 2 |
Always present or sometimes severe | 1 |
Always severe | 0 |
Walking ability | |
Normal walking | 3 |
Able to walk 500 m, pain/numbness/weakness present | 2 |
Unable to walk 500 m due to pain/numbness/weakness | 1 |
Unable to walk 100 m due to pain/numbness/weakness | 0 |
Objective finding (6 points) | |
Straight leg raising | |
Normal | 2 |
30°–70° | 1 |
< 30° | 0 |
Sensory function | |
Normal | 2 |
Mild sensory disturbance | 1 |
< Apparent sensory disturbance | 0 |
Motor function | |
Normal (MMT normal holds test position against strong pressure or MMT 5) | 2 |
Slightly decreased muscle strength (MMT good holds test position against moderate pressure or MMT 4) | 1 |
Markedly decreased muscle strength (MMT less than fair holds test position (no added pressure) or MMT 3 to 0) | 0 |
Restriction of activities of daily living (14 points) | |
Activities of daily living include the following: 7 items (turning over while, lying down, standing, washing one’s face, leaning forward, ability to sit for approximately 1 h, ability to lift or hold heavy objects, and ambulatory ability.) | |
None | 2 |
Moderate | 1 |
Severe | 0 |
Bladder function (− 6 points) | |
Normal | 0 |
Mild dysuria | − 3 |
Severe dysuria | − 6 |
Total | 29 |
Patients materials and methods
Characteristic | Value |
---|---|
Number of patients | 31 |
Follow-up rate (%) | 75.6 |
Age, n (years) | 51.6 |
Gender female, rate (%) | 45.2 |
BMI, n (Kg/m2) | 25.1 |
Operative level | |
L2/3 | 3 |
L3/4 | 0 |
L4/5 | 10 |
L5/S | 18 |
Operation time, n (min) | 84.5 |
Blood loss, n (g) | 44.3 |
Herniation type | |
Protrusion | 3 |
Subligamentous extrusion | 16 |
Transligamentous extrusion | 4 |
Sequestration | 7 |
Lateral herniation | 1 |
Statistical analysis
Results
VAS scores for low back pain, buttock–leg pain, and leg numbness
Pre-operative | 3-month post-operative scores | 1-year post-operative scores | 3-year post-operative scores | |
---|---|---|---|---|
VAS | ||||
Lumbago | 5.4 ± 3.1 | 1.6 ± 1.5** | 1.4 ± 1.2** | 0.5 ± 0.5** |
Buttock–leg pain | 7.5 ± 2.4 | 1.1 ± 1.8** | 1.1 ± 1.5** | 0.5 ± 0.7** |
Numbness | 5.7 ± 3.4 | 1.4 ± 1.6** | 0.7 ± 0.9** | 0.4 ± 0.5** |
JOA score | ||||
Score | 10.0 ± 4.6 | 27.5 ± 1.3* | 28.4 ± 1.0* | 28.6 ± 0.7* |
(Recovery rate) | (92.6%) | (96.8%) | (97.9%) | |
JOABPEQ (effective rate) | ||||
Low back pain | 29.9 ± 27.4 | 81.5 ± 24.7** (87.1%) | 91.7 ± 17.0** (93.5%) | 99.1 ± 5.2** (96.8%) |
Lumbar function | 47.0 ± 30.6 | 87.1 ± 15.2** (80.1%) | 91.5 ± 10.1** (93.5%) | 99.5 ± 3.1** (100%) |
Walking ability | 38.9 ± 27.1 | 85.8 ± 20.6** (90.3%) | 95.7 ± 8.4** (100%) | 99.5 ± 1.7** (100%) |
Social life function | 32.3 ± 22.9 | 71.0 ± 22.3** (87.1%) | 84.1 ± 15.2** (90.3%) | 91.2 ± 13.1** (96.8%) |
Mental health | 50.2 ± 16.8 | 65.7 ± 13.6** (29.0%) | 66.0 ± 18.3** (48.4%) | 81.4 ± 14.8** (74.2%) |
JOA scores
JOABPEQ
Odds rates | 95%CI | ||
---|---|---|---|
Age | 4.17 | 1.71–10.15 | P = 0.0017 |
Gender | 4.61 | 0.47–45.39 | P = 0.19 |
BMI | 0.58 | 0.34–0.99 | P = 0.044 |
Smoking | 0.39 | 0.06–2.55 | P = 0.33 |
Prevalence periods | 0.10 | 0.99–1.1 | P = 0.51 |
Hernia level | |||
L2/3 | 0.43 | 0.032–5.78 | P = 0.52 |
L4/5 | 0.15 | 0.005–3.98 | P = 0.99 |
L5/S | 0.21 | 0.022–2.13 | P = 0.18 |
Operation times | 1.02 | 0.96–1.08 | P = 0.38 |
Bleeding volume | 0.99 | 0.98–1.01 | P = 0.83 |
Pre-op. lumbar VAS | 0.96 | 0.71–1.28 | P = 0.79 |
Pre-op. buttock pain | 0.93 | 0.63–1.38 | P = 0.74 |
Pre-op. numbness | 0.97 | 0.74–1.27 | P = 0.87 |
Post-op. 3 month lumbar VAS | 1.35 | 0.67–2.82 | P = 0.38 |
Post-op. 3 month buttock pain | 1.21 | 0.63–2.32 | P = 0.56 |
Post-op. 3 month numbness | 1.10 | 0.61–1.97 | P = 0.75 |
Post-op. 12 month lumbar VAS | 2.49 | 0.81–7.63 | P = 0.11 |
Post-op. 12 month buttock pain | 1.87 | 0.57–6.07 | P = 0.29 |
Post-op. 12 month numbness | 1.27 | 0.43–3.74 | P = 0.66 |
Pre-op. BS-POP | 2.03 | 1.05–3.92 | P = 0.034 |
Post-op. 3 month BS-POP | 0.79 | 0.56–1.11 | P = 0.18 |
Post-op. 12 month BS-POP | 0.49 | 0.27–0.84 | P = 0.015 |