Skip to main content
Erschienen in: European Spine Journal 6/2019

04.05.2019 | Original Article

Clinical significance of traditional clinical parameters and inflammatory biomarkers for the prognosis of patients with spinal chondrosarcoma: a retrospective study of 150 patients in a single center

verfasst von: Kehan Xu, Bo Li, Quan Huang, Dongjie Jiang, Haitao Sun, Nanzhe Zhong, Wei Wan, Haifeng Wei, Jianru Xiao

Erschienen in: European Spine Journal | Ausgabe 6/2019

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Background

To investigate the clinical significance of five inflammatory biomarkers and conventional clinical parameters in prognostic prediction of spinal chondrosarcoma.

Methods

Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to investigate independent prognostic factors for recurrence and death of patients with spinal chondrosarcoma. Disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated by Kaplan–Meier curve, and differences were analyzed by log-rank test. The optimal cutoff values for NLR, PLR, LMR, and CAR were determined by X-tile program.

Results

The optimal cutoff value for NLR, PLR, LMR, AGR, and CAR was 2.7, 200, 3.0, 1.5, and 0.2, respectively. Of the 150 patients included, recurrence was detected in 105 patients, and death occurred in 78 patients. Multivariate analysis indicated that Tomita I–III, total resection, and CAR < 0.2 were significantly associated with longer DFS. Meanwhile, preoperative Frankel score D–E, total resection, and CAR < 0.2 were favorable prognostic factors for OS. Subtype analysis showed that only total resection was an independent prognostic factor for DFS of recurrent spinal chondrosarcoma.

Conclusion

Total resection could significantly reduce the recurrence rate of spinal chondrosarcoma and improve OS of chondrosarcoma patients. Tomita classification I–III was a favorable factor for DFS, and preoperative Frankel score A–C was an adverse prognostic factor for OS. CAR was the most robust prognostic indicator with a discriminatory ability as compared with other inflammatory indicators.

Graphical abstract

These slides can be retrieved under Electronic Supplementary Material.
Anhänge
Nur mit Berechtigung zugänglich
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Riedel RF, Larrier N, Dodd L, Kirsch D, Martinez S, Brigman BE (2009) The clinical management of chondrosarcoma. Curr Treat Options Oncol 10:94–106CrossRefPubMed Riedel RF, Larrier N, Dodd L, Kirsch D, Martinez S, Brigman BE (2009) The clinical management of chondrosarcoma. Curr Treat Options Oncol 10:94–106CrossRefPubMed
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Gelderblom H, Hogendoorn PC, Dijkstra SD, van Rijswijk CS, Krol AD, Taminiau AH et al (2008) The clinical approach towards chondrosarcoma. Oncologist 13:320–329CrossRefPubMed Gelderblom H, Hogendoorn PC, Dijkstra SD, van Rijswijk CS, Krol AD, Taminiau AH et al (2008) The clinical approach towards chondrosarcoma. Oncologist 13:320–329CrossRefPubMed
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Giuffrida AY, Burgueno JE, Koniaris LG, Gutierrez JC, Duncan R, Scully SP (2009) Chondrosarcoma in the United States (1973 to 2003): an analysis of 2890 cases from the SEER database. J Bone Joint Surg Am 91:1063–1072CrossRefPubMed Giuffrida AY, Burgueno JE, Koniaris LG, Gutierrez JC, Duncan R, Scully SP (2009) Chondrosarcoma in the United States (1973 to 2003): an analysis of 2890 cases from the SEER database. J Bone Joint Surg Am 91:1063–1072CrossRefPubMed
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Strike SA, McCarthy EF (2011) Chondrosarcoma of the spine: a series of 16 cases and a review of the literature. Iowa Orthop J 31:154–159PubMedPubMedCentral Strike SA, McCarthy EF (2011) Chondrosarcoma of the spine: a series of 16 cases and a review of the literature. Iowa Orthop J 31:154–159PubMedPubMedCentral
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Hogendoorn PC, Athanasou N, Bielack S, Bielack S, De Alava E, Dei Tos AP et al (2010) Bone sarcomas: ESMO clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol 21:v204–v213CrossRefPubMed Hogendoorn PC, Athanasou N, Bielack S, Bielack S, De Alava E, Dei Tos AP et al (2010) Bone sarcomas: ESMO clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol 21:v204–v213CrossRefPubMed
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Nota SP, Braun Y, Schwab JH, van Dijk CN, Bramer JA (2015) The identification of prognostic factors and survival statistics of conventional central chondrosarcoma. Sarcoma 2015:623746CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Nota SP, Braun Y, Schwab JH, van Dijk CN, Bramer JA (2015) The identification of prognostic factors and survival statistics of conventional central chondrosarcoma. Sarcoma 2015:623746CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Xu J, Li D, Xie L, Tang S, Guo W (2015) Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of bone and soft tissue: a systematic review of 107 patients in the past 20 years. PLoS ONE 10:e0122216CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Xu J, Li D, Xie L, Tang S, Guo W (2015) Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of bone and soft tissue: a systematic review of 107 patients in the past 20 years. PLoS ONE 10:e0122216CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Yin H, Zhou W, Meng J, Zhang D, Wu Z, Wang T (2015) Prognostic factors of patients with spinal chondrosarcoma: a retrospective analysis of 98 consecutive patients in a single center. Ann Surg Oncol 21:3572–3578CrossRef Yin H, Zhou W, Meng J, Zhang D, Wu Z, Wang T (2015) Prognostic factors of patients with spinal chondrosarcoma: a retrospective analysis of 98 consecutive patients in a single center. Ann Surg Oncol 21:3572–3578CrossRef
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Whelan J, Davis LE (2018) Osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, and chordoma. J Clin Oncol 36:188–193CrossRefPubMed Whelan J, Davis LE (2018) Osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, and chordoma. J Clin Oncol 36:188–193CrossRefPubMed
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Tsukamoto S, Honoki K, Kido A, Fujii H, Enomoto Y, Ohbayashi C et al (2014) Chemotherapy improved prognosis of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma with rare metastasis to the pancreas. Case Rep Oncol Med 2014:249757PubMedPubMedCentral Tsukamoto S, Honoki K, Kido A, Fujii H, Enomoto Y, Ohbayashi C et al (2014) Chemotherapy improved prognosis of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma with rare metastasis to the pancreas. Case Rep Oncol Med 2014:249757PubMedPubMedCentral
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Vasudevan HN, Raleigh D, Johnson J, Garsa AA, Theodosopoulos PV, Aghi MK et al (2017) Management of chordoma and chondrosarcoma with fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy. Front Surg 4:35CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Vasudevan HN, Raleigh D, Johnson J, Garsa AA, Theodosopoulos PV, Aghi MK et al (2017) Management of chordoma and chondrosarcoma with fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy. Front Surg 4:35CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Strotman PK, Reif TJ, Kliethermes SA, Sandhu JK, Nystrom LM (2017) Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma: a survival analysis of 159 cases from the SEER database (2001–2011). J Surg Oncol 116:252–257CrossRefPubMed Strotman PK, Reif TJ, Kliethermes SA, Sandhu JK, Nystrom LM (2017) Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma: a survival analysis of 159 cases from the SEER database (2001–2011). J Surg Oncol 116:252–257CrossRefPubMed
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Arshi A, Sharim J, Park DY, Park HY, Bernthal NM, Yazdanshenas H et al (2017) Chondrosarcoma of the osseous spine: an analysis of epidemiology, patient outcomes, and prognostic factors using the SEER registry from 1973 to 2012. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 42:644–652CrossRef Arshi A, Sharim J, Park DY, Park HY, Bernthal NM, Yazdanshenas H et al (2017) Chondrosarcoma of the osseous spine: an analysis of epidemiology, patient outcomes, and prognostic factors using the SEER registry from 1973 to 2012. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 42:644–652CrossRef
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Li J, Li B, Zhou P, Wu Z, Yang X, Yang X et al (2017) Nomograms for prognostic factors of spinal giant cell tumor combining traditional clinical characteristics with inflammatory biomarkers after gross total resection. Oncotarget 8:86934–86946PubMedPubMedCentral Li J, Li B, Zhou P, Wu Z, Yang X, Yang X et al (2017) Nomograms for prognostic factors of spinal giant cell tumor combining traditional clinical characteristics with inflammatory biomarkers after gross total resection. Oncotarget 8:86934–86946PubMedPubMedCentral
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Xu J, Shi KQ, Chen BC, Huang ZP, Lu FY, Zhou MT (2017) A nomogram based on preoperative inflammatory markers predicting the overall survival of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 32:1394–1402CrossRefPubMed Xu J, Shi KQ, Chen BC, Huang ZP, Lu FY, Zhou MT (2017) A nomogram based on preoperative inflammatory markers predicting the overall survival of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 32:1394–1402CrossRefPubMed
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Mantovani A, Allavena P, Sica A (2008) Cancer-related inflammation. Nature 454(436–444):2008 Mantovani A, Allavena P, Sica A (2008) Cancer-related inflammation. Nature 454(436–444):2008
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Diakos CI, Charles KA, McMillan DC (2014) Cancer-related inflammation and treatment effectiveness. Lancet Oncol 15:e493–e503CrossRefPubMed Diakos CI, Charles KA, McMillan DC (2014) Cancer-related inflammation and treatment effectiveness. Lancet Oncol 15:e493–e503CrossRefPubMed
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Hirahara N, Matsubara T, Mizota Y, Ishibashi S, Tajima Y (2016) Prognostic value of preoperative inflammatory response biomarkers in patients with esophageal cancer who undergo a curative thoracoscopic esophagectomy. BMC Surg 16:66CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Hirahara N, Matsubara T, Mizota Y, Ishibashi S, Tajima Y (2016) Prognostic value of preoperative inflammatory response biomarkers in patients with esophageal cancer who undergo a curative thoracoscopic esophagectomy. BMC Surg 16:66CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Wang Y, Li J, Xia Y, Gong R, Wang K, Yan Z et al (2013) Prognostic nomogram for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma after partial hepatectomy. J Clin Oncol 31:1188–1195CrossRefPubMed Wang Y, Li J, Xia Y, Gong R, Wang K, Yan Z et al (2013) Prognostic nomogram for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma after partial hepatectomy. J Clin Oncol 31:1188–1195CrossRefPubMed
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Ishizuka M, Nagata H, Takagi K, Iwasaki Y, Shibuya N, Kubota K (2016) Clinical significance of the C-reactive protein to albumin ratio for survival after surgery for colorectal cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 23:900–907CrossRefPubMed Ishizuka M, Nagata H, Takagi K, Iwasaki Y, Shibuya N, Kubota K (2016) Clinical significance of the C-reactive protein to albumin ratio for survival after surgery for colorectal cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 23:900–907CrossRefPubMed
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Frankel HL, Hancock DO, Hyslop G, Melzak J, Michaelis LS, Ungar GH (1967) The value of postural reduction in the initial management of closed injuries of the spine with paraplegia and tetraplegia I. Paraplegia. 7:179–192 Frankel HL, Hancock DO, Hyslop G, Melzak J, Michaelis LS, Ungar GH (1967) The value of postural reduction in the initial management of closed injuries of the spine with paraplegia and tetraplegia I. Paraplegia. 7:179–192
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Hobusch GM, Tiefenboeck TM, Patsch J, Krall C, Holzer G (2016) Do patients after chondrosarcoma treatment have age-appropriate bone mineral density in the long term? Clin Orthop Relat Res 474:1508–1515CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Hobusch GM, Tiefenboeck TM, Patsch J, Krall C, Holzer G (2016) Do patients after chondrosarcoma treatment have age-appropriate bone mineral density in the long term? Clin Orthop Relat Res 474:1508–1515CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Zoccali C, Ferrraresi V, Rossi B, Covello R, Salducca N (2015) Intermediate grade vertebral osteosarcoma in a patient affected by a sacral chondrosarcoma and hereditary multiple exostosis. Minerva Med 106:115–117PubMed Zoccali C, Ferrraresi V, Rossi B, Covello R, Salducca N (2015) Intermediate grade vertebral osteosarcoma in a patient affected by a sacral chondrosarcoma and hereditary multiple exostosis. Minerva Med 106:115–117PubMed
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Chen S, Wang Y, Su G, Chen B, Lin D (2016) Primary intraspinal dumbbell-shaped mesenchymal chondrosarcoma with massive calcifications: a case report and review of the literature. World J Surg Oncol 14:203CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Chen S, Wang Y, Su G, Chen B, Lin D (2016) Primary intraspinal dumbbell-shaped mesenchymal chondrosarcoma with massive calcifications: a case report and review of the literature. World J Surg Oncol 14:203CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Schoenfeld AJ, Hornicek FJ, Pedlow FX, Kobayashi W, Raskin KA, Springfield D et al (2012) Chondrosarcoma of the mobile spine: a review of 21 cases treated at a single center. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 37:119–126CrossRef Schoenfeld AJ, Hornicek FJ, Pedlow FX, Kobayashi W, Raskin KA, Springfield D et al (2012) Chondrosarcoma of the mobile spine: a review of 21 cases treated at a single center. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 37:119–126CrossRef
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Boriani S, De Iure F, Bandiera S, Campanacci L, Biagini R, Di Fiore M et al (2000) Chondrosarcoma of the mobile spine: report on 22 cases. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 25:804–812CrossRef Boriani S, De Iure F, Bandiera S, Campanacci L, Biagini R, Di Fiore M et al (2000) Chondrosarcoma of the mobile spine: report on 22 cases. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 25:804–812CrossRef
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Song K, Shi X, Wang H, Zou F, Lu F, Ma X et al (2018) Can a nomogram help to predict the overall and cancer-specific survival of patients with chondrosarcoma? Clin Orthop Relat Res 476:987–996CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Song K, Shi X, Wang H, Zou F, Lu F, Ma X et al (2018) Can a nomogram help to predict the overall and cancer-specific survival of patients with chondrosarcoma? Clin Orthop Relat Res 476:987–996CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhang S, Yang X, Wang L, Zhang C (2018) Interplay between inflammatory tumor microenvironment and cancer stem cells. Oncol Lett 16:679–686PubMedPubMedCentral Zhang S, Yang X, Wang L, Zhang C (2018) Interplay between inflammatory tumor microenvironment and cancer stem cells. Oncol Lett 16:679–686PubMedPubMedCentral
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Li YJ, Yang X, Zhang WB, Yi C, Wang F, Li P (2017) Clinical implications of six inflammatory biomarkers as prognostic indicators in Ewing sarcoma. Cancer Manag Res 9:443–451CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Li YJ, Yang X, Zhang WB, Yi C, Wang F, Li P (2017) Clinical implications of six inflammatory biomarkers as prognostic indicators in Ewing sarcoma. Cancer Manag Res 9:443–451CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Ehrenstein V, Andersen SL, Qazi I, Sankar N, Pedersen AB, Sikorski R et al (2017) Tenosynovial giant cell tumor: incidence, prevalence, patient characteristics, and recurrence. A registry-based cohort study in Denmark. J Rheumatol 44:1476–1483CrossRefPubMed Ehrenstein V, Andersen SL, Qazi I, Sankar N, Pedersen AB, Sikorski R et al (2017) Tenosynovial giant cell tumor: incidence, prevalence, patient characteristics, and recurrence. A registry-based cohort study in Denmark. J Rheumatol 44:1476–1483CrossRefPubMed
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Li YJ, Yao K, Lu MX, Zhang WB, Xiao C, Tu CQ (2017) Prognostic value of the C-reactive protein to albumin ratio: a novel inflammation-based prognostic indicator in osteosarcoma. Onco Targets Ther 10:5255–5261CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Li YJ, Yao K, Lu MX, Zhang WB, Xiao C, Tu CQ (2017) Prognostic value of the C-reactive protein to albumin ratio: a novel inflammation-based prognostic indicator in osteosarcoma. Onco Targets Ther 10:5255–5261CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Ji H, Houghton AM, Mariani TJ, Perera S, Kim CB, Padera R et al (2006) K-ras activation generates an inflammatory response in lung tumors. Oncogene 25:2105–2112CrossRefPubMed Ji H, Houghton AM, Mariani TJ, Perera S, Kim CB, Padera R et al (2006) K-ras activation generates an inflammatory response in lung tumors. Oncogene 25:2105–2112CrossRefPubMed
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Lissoni P, Brivio F, Fumagalli L, Messina G, Ghezzi V, Frontini L et al (2004) Efficacy of cancer chemotherapy in relation to the pretreatment number of lymphocytes in patients with metastatic solid tumors. Int J Biol Markers 19:135–140CrossRefPubMed Lissoni P, Brivio F, Fumagalli L, Messina G, Ghezzi V, Frontini L et al (2004) Efficacy of cancer chemotherapy in relation to the pretreatment number of lymphocytes in patients with metastatic solid tumors. Int J Biol Markers 19:135–140CrossRefPubMed
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Ishikawa S, Miyashita T, Inokuchi M, Hayashi H, Oyama K, Tajima H et al (2016) Platelets surrounding primary tumor cells are related to chemoresistance. Oncol Rep 36:87–794 Ishikawa S, Miyashita T, Inokuchi M, Hayashi H, Oyama K, Tajima H et al (2016) Platelets surrounding primary tumor cells are related to chemoresistance. Oncol Rep 36:87–794
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Xu K, Lou Y, Sun R, Liu Y, Li B, Li J et al (2019) Establishment of a nomogram-based model for predicting the prognostic value of inflammatory biomarkers and preoperative D-dimer level in spinal Ewing’s sarcoma family tumors: a retrospective study of 83 patients. World Neurosurg 121:e104–e112CrossRefPubMed Xu K, Lou Y, Sun R, Liu Y, Li B, Li J et al (2019) Establishment of a nomogram-based model for predicting the prognostic value of inflammatory biomarkers and preoperative D-dimer level in spinal Ewing’s sarcoma family tumors: a retrospective study of 83 patients. World Neurosurg 121:e104–e112CrossRefPubMed
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Tsavaris O, Economopoulou P, Kotsantis I, Reppas L, Avgerinou C, Spathas N et al (2018) Clinical benefit of pazopanib in a patient with metastatic chondrosarcoma: a case report and review of the literature. Front Oncol 8:45CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Tsavaris O, Economopoulou P, Kotsantis I, Reppas L, Avgerinou C, Spathas N et al (2018) Clinical benefit of pazopanib in a patient with metastatic chondrosarcoma: a case report and review of the literature. Front Oncol 8:45CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Chen D, Chen CH, Zhang LL, Lin ZK, Zheng JW, Phan K et al (2018) Chondrosarcoma of the osseous spine treated by surgery with or without radiotherapy: a propensity score matched and grade/stage-stratified study. Clin Spine Surg 31:E310–E316CrossRefPubMed Chen D, Chen CH, Zhang LL, Lin ZK, Zheng JW, Phan K et al (2018) Chondrosarcoma of the osseous spine treated by surgery with or without radiotherapy: a propensity score matched and grade/stage-stratified study. Clin Spine Surg 31:E310–E316CrossRefPubMed
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Tomita K, Kawahara N, Kobayashi T et al (2001) Surgical strategy for spinal metastases. Spine 26:298–306CrossRefPubMed Tomita K, Kawahara N, Kobayashi T et al (2001) Surgical strategy for spinal metastases. Spine 26:298–306CrossRefPubMed
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Ju DG, Zadnik PL, Groves ML, Hwang L, Kaloostian PE, Wolinksy JP et al (2013) Factors associated with improved outcomes following decompressive surgery for prostate cancer metastatic to the spine. Neurosurgery 73:657–666CrossRefPubMed Ju DG, Zadnik PL, Groves ML, Hwang L, Kaloostian PE, Wolinksy JP et al (2013) Factors associated with improved outcomes following decompressive surgery for prostate cancer metastatic to the spine. Neurosurgery 73:657–666CrossRefPubMed
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Crnalic S, Hildingsson C, Wikstrom P, Bergh A, Löfvenberg R, Widmark A et al (2012) Outcome after surgery for metastatic spinal cord compression in 54 patients with prostate cancer. Acta Orthop 83:80–86CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Crnalic S, Hildingsson C, Wikstrom P, Bergh A, Löfvenberg R, Widmark A et al (2012) Outcome after surgery for metastatic spinal cord compression in 54 patients with prostate cancer. Acta Orthop 83:80–86CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Kurdi M, McGregor S, Hammond R, Bergh A, Löfvenberg R, Widmark A et al (2010) Primary clear cell chondrosarcoma of thoracic spine. Int J Surg Pathol 25:181–184CrossRef Kurdi M, McGregor S, Hammond R, Bergh A, Löfvenberg R, Widmark A et al (2010) Primary clear cell chondrosarcoma of thoracic spine. Int J Surg Pathol 25:181–184CrossRef
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Bindiganavile S, Han I, Yun JY, Kim HS (2015) Long-term outcome of chondrosarcoma: a single institutional experience. Cancer Res Treat 47:897–903CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Bindiganavile S, Han I, Yun JY, Kim HS (2015) Long-term outcome of chondrosarcoma: a single institutional experience. Cancer Res Treat 47:897–903CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
Metadaten
Titel
Clinical significance of traditional clinical parameters and inflammatory biomarkers for the prognosis of patients with spinal chondrosarcoma: a retrospective study of 150 patients in a single center
verfasst von
Kehan Xu
Bo Li
Quan Huang
Dongjie Jiang
Haitao Sun
Nanzhe Zhong
Wei Wan
Haifeng Wei
Jianru Xiao
Publikationsdatum
04.05.2019
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
European Spine Journal / Ausgabe 6/2019
Print ISSN: 0940-6719
Elektronische ISSN: 1432-0932
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-019-05993-4

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 6/2019

European Spine Journal 6/2019 Zur Ausgabe

Arthropedia

Grundlagenwissen der Arthroskopie und Gelenkchirurgie. Erweitert durch Fallbeispiele, Videos und Abbildungen. 
» Jetzt entdecken

Update Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.