Introduction
Materials and methods
Animals and groups
Establishing a modified experimental LIRI canine model of PTE
Preparation of the cylindrical autologous blood clots
Establishing the animal model and pulmonary angiography
Euthanasia and thrombopathology
Investigating the effects and pathological, cellular mechanisms after chronic PTE and LIRI
Statistical analysis
Results
Pulmonary angiography
Parameter changes (Table 1)
Vital signs
Parameters | Group | Subgroup (each n = 10) | Before embolization | After embolization | After 1 or 2 weeks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
RR | LL | 1-week | 23 ± 2 | 34 ± 2*
| 27 ± 3*#
|
Times/min | RL | Sham | 24 ± 3 | 25 ± 3 | 24 ± 2 |
1-week | 23 ± 2 | 35 ± 3*
| 27 ± 2*#
| ||
2-week | 24 ± 2 | 34 ± 3*
| 27 ± 3*#
| ||
HR | LL | 1-week | 144 ± 5 | 185 ± 6*
| 151 ± 5*#
|
Beats/min | RL | Sham | 151 ± 5 | 150 ± 8 | 149 ± 7 |
1-week | 143 ± 6 | 185 ± 5*
| 151 ± 6*#
| ||
2-week | 152 ± 6 | 181 ± 7*
| 156 ± 9*#
| ||
MBP (mmHg) | LL | 1-week | 108 ± 16 | 103 ± 17 | 102 ± 14 |
RL | Sham | 95 ± 6 | 96 ± 7 | 94 ± 11 | |
1-week | 108 ± 18 | 103 ± 19 | 102 ± 14 | ||
2-week | 110 ± 17 | 109 ± 15 | 109 ± 13 | ||
pH | LL | 1-week | 7.32 ± 0.11 | 7.28 ± 0.10 | 7.29 ± 0.10 |
RL | Sham | 7.35 ± 0.05 | 7.34 ± 0.02 | 7.32 ± 0.06 | |
1-week | 7.30 ± 0.09 | 7.28 ± 0.11 | 7.28 ± 0.09 | ||
2-week | 7.32 ± 0.04 | 7.32 ± 0.06 | 7.28 ± 0.07 | ||
PaO2/FiO2 (mmHg) | LL | 1-week | 505.21 ± 56.35 | 390.21 ± 96.53*
| 497.89 ± 94.23#
|
RL | Sham | 492.89 ± 31.43 | 488.33 ± 15.35 | 510.52 ± 41.22 | |
1-week | 507.21 ± 50.21 | 390.21 ± 93.56*
| 496.99 ± 91.73#
| ||
2-week | 492.44 ± 48.56 | 375.88 ± 88.87*
| 467.68 ± 53.21#
| ||
PaCO2 (mmHg) | LL | 1-week | 38.15 ± 9.69 | 36.88 ± 5.9 | 436.69 ± 7.79 |
RL | Sham | 38.56 ± 3.59 | 37.33 ± 6.8 | 336.51 ± 6.88 | |
1-week | 38.66 ± 6.01 | 37.52 ± 5.1 | 436.66 ± 6.32 | ||
2-week | 36.23 ± 3.99 | 34.44 ± 3.7 | 336.89 ± 6.01 | ||
MPAP (mmHg) | LL | 1-week | 15 ± 2 | 21 ± 3*
| 20 ± 3*
|
RL | Sham | 14 ± 2 | 15 ± 2 | 14 ± 2 | |
1-week | 14 ± 2 | 22 ± 2*
| 20 ± 3*
| ||
2-week | 14 ± 2 | 22 ± 3*
| 17 ± 2#
| ||
CO (L/min) | LL | 1-week | 3.13 ± 0.32 | 2.28 ± 0.25*
| 2.89 ± 0.33 |
RL | Sham | 3.02 ± 0.29 | 2.93 ± 0.29 | 2.92 ± 0.29 | |
1-week | 3.01 ± 0.29 | 2.09 ± 0.35*
| 2.60 ± 0.29 | ||
2-week | 3.19 ± 0.28 | 2.19 ± 0.39*
| 3.16 ± 038#
| ||
PVR (dyne/s/cm−5) | LL | 1-week | 217.33 ± 38.9 | 548.20 ± 66.10*
| 419.18 ± 56.2*
|
RL | Sham | 211.0 ± 35.55 | 220.29 ± 41.22 | 189.21 ± 42.22 | |
1-week | 203.11 ± 38.1 | 555.12 ± 61.01*
| 422.01 ± 52.2*
| ||
2-week | 183.12 ± 44.09 | 401.22 ± 71.11*
| 302.99 ± 50.02*
|