Introduction
Methods
Protocol and registration
Eligibility criteria
Information sources
Search strategy
[All fields/Full text] “cogni* rehabilitation” OR “cogni* stimulation” OR “cogni* train*”AND[All fields/Full text] Alzheimer OR “cogni* decline” OR “cogni* impair*” OR MCI OR dementiaAND[All fields/Full text] software* OR “mobile app*” OR “smartphone app*” OR “smartphone applications*” OR “mobile tech*” OR “assistive tech*”
Database | Specificities of each database | Code lines after performing the search |
---|---|---|
Web of Science | Title, abstract and keywords (termed “Topic”). | (“cogni* rehabilitation” OR “cogni* stimulation” OR “cogni* train*”) AND (Alzheimer OR “cogni* decline” OR “cogni* impair*” OR MCI OR dementia) AND (software* OR “mobile app*” OR “mobile tech*” OR “assistive tech*” OR “virtual realit*” OR “augmented reality”) |
PsycInfo | Nothing to report | (Any Field: cogni* rehabilitation OR Any Field: cogni* stimulation OR Any Field: cogni* train*) AND (Any Field: Alzheimer OR Any Field: cogni* decline OR Any Field: cogni* impair* OR Any Field: MCI OR Any Field: dementia) AND (Any Field: software* OR “mobile app*” OR “mobile tech*” OR “assistive tech*” OR “virtual realit*” OR “augmented reality”) |
Cochrane | Title, abstract and keywords | “cognit* rehabilitation” OR “cognit* stimulation” OR “cognit* train*” in Title Abstract Keyword AND Alzheimer OR “cogni* decline OR cogni* impair* OR MCI OR dementia in Title Abstract Keyword AND software* OR “mobile app*” OR “mobile tech*” OR “assistive tech*” OR “virtual realit*” OR “augmented reality” in Title Abstract Keyword — (Word variations have been searched) |
Pubmed | Nothing to report | (“cogni* rehabilitation” OR “cogni* stimulation” OR “cogni* train*”) AND (Alzheimer OR “cogni* decline” OR “cogni* impair*” OR MCI OR dementia) AND (software* OR “mobile app*” OR “mobile tech*” OR “assistive tech*” OR “virtual realit*” OR “augmented reality”) |
Selection process
Data collection
Data items
Study risk of bias assessment
Data management and synthesis methods
Author (year) | Software | Sample size | Sex | Cognitive training frequency | Stage of dementia | Duration of the exposure | Cognitive function covered |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wolinsky et al., 2013 | Road Tour | 681 | Unreported | 5 per week for 2 h | Healthy old adults | 10h | Attention |
Wolinsky et al., 2011 | Road Tour | 681 | Unreported | 10h | Healthy old adults | 10h | Attention |
Rai et al., 2021 | iCST app | 61 | Male: 42 Female: 19 | 2-3 per week for 30 min or more | Mild to moderate dementia | 11 weeks | Executive functions, attention, memory |
Rai et al., 2021 | iCST app | 30 | Unreported | 2-3 per week for 30 min | Mild to moderate dementia | 11 weeks | Executive functions, attention, memory |
Gambella et al., 2022 | Brainer | 78 | Unreported | 2 per week for 60 min | Alzheimer | 8 weeks | Attention, executive functions, memory, language, and praxis abilities |
Cavallo et al., 2016 | Brainer | 80 | Unreported | 3 per week for 30 min | Alzheimer | 12 weeks | Visuospatial, attention, language, executive functions, memory, praxis abilities. |
Cavallo & Angilletta, 2019 | Brainer | 40 | Unreported | 3 per week for 30 min | Alzheimer | 12 weeks | Attention, language, executive functions, memory, praxis abilities |
Nousia et al., 2019 | RehaCom | 25 | Males: 6 Females 19 | 2 per week for 60 min | MCI | 15 weeks | Memory, attention, and executive function |
Bahar-Fuchs et al., 2019 | CogniFit | 85 | Male: 51 Female: 34 | 3 per week, 2 sessions on each training day, for 10–15 min | At risk: diagnosis of type 2 diabetes but no diagnosis of dementia or Alzheimer’s disease. | 8 weeks, 48 sessions | Memory, attention, praxis abilities and executive functions |
Bahar-Fuchs et al., 2017 | CogniFit | 45 | Male: 15 Female: 10 | 3 per week for 20–30 min | MCI | 8–12 weeks | Memory, attention, praxis abilities, and executive functions |
Gigler et al., 2013 | CogniFit | 7 | Male: 3 Female: 4 | 2 per week for 30 min | MCI | 8–10 weeks, 17 sessions | Memory, attention, praxis abilities, and executive functions |
Beishon et al., 2019 | Lumosity | 60 | Unreported | 5 per week for 30 min | MCI and AD | 12 weeks | Attention, memory, visuospatial, and language. |
Robert et al., 2020 | MeMo | 25 | Male: 15 Female: 10 | 4 per week | Diagnosed with neurocognitive disorders | 12 weeks | Memory, attention, and executive functions |
Fernández-Calvo et al., 2011 | Big Brain Academy | 30 | Male: 17 Female: 13 | 3 per week for 60 min | MCI | 12 weeks | Attention, memory, executive functions |
Haesner et al., 2015 | LeVer | 40 | Male: 8 Female: 32 | 120 min | Subjective memory impairment | 8 weeks | Memory, language, executive functions |
Assis et al., 2009 | Geriatric | 1 | Male | 2 per week for 50 min | Alzheimer | 4 months | Orientation, language, attention, memory, and executive functions |
Ng et al., 2021 | ProAge | 96 | Male: 13 Female: 83 | 2 per week | At risk for cognitive impairment | 24 weeks | Memory, and executive functions |
Meltzer et al., 2023 | BrainHQ and Duolingo | BrainHQ: 24 Duolingo: 28 | Male: 7 Female: 17 Male: 10 Female: 18 | 5 per week for 30 min | Healthy old adults | 16 weeks | BrainHQ: Attention, memory, and executive functions Duolingo: language |
Eckroth-Bucher & Siberski, 2009 | Captain’s Log | 15 | Male: 1 Female: 14 | 2 per week for 45 min | Mild to moderate dementia | 6 weeks | Executive functions |
Corbett et al., 2015 | ReaCT and GCT | ReaCT: 2557 GCT: 2432 | Male: 1561 Female: 3428 | daily, 10 min | Old adults (do not mention if they have dementia) | 6 months | ReaCT: executive functions GCT: executive functions, attention, memory, and visuospatial |
Nicholson et al., 2022 | Useful Field of View Training (UFOVT) | Unreported | Unreported | 2-3 sessions per week until 525 levels | MCI or dementia | 6 months | Attention |
Suo et al., 2016 | COGPACK | 100 | Male: 32 Female: 68 | 2 per week for 90 min | MCI | 26 weeks | Attention, memory, language |
Singh et al., 2014 | COGPACK | 51 | Unreported | 2-3 per week for 75 min | MCI | 6 months | Memory, attention, executive functions |
Hwang et al., 2015 | COMCOG | 35 | Male: 14 Female: 21 | 5 per week for 30 min | Alzheimer | 4 weeks | Memory and language |
Hagovská et al., 2017 | CogniPlus | 30 | Male: 12 Female: 18 | 2 per week for 30 min | MCI | 10 weeks | Attention, executive functions, memory, and praxis abilities |
Gaitán et al., 2013 | FesKits | 37 | Male: 15 Female: 8 | 2-3 times per week | MCI and AD | 12 weeks, 30 sessions | Attention, executive functions, and memory |
Barban et al., 2016 | SOCIABLE | 301 | Male: 129 Female: 172 | 2 per week for 30 min | MCI and AD | 3 months | Memory, executive functions, orientation, language, and praxis abilities |
Laiz et al., 2018 | NeuronUp | 32 | Male: 14 Female: 18 | 20 min | MCI | 5 weeks, 5 sessions | Memory |
Vermeij et al., 2017 | Cogmed | 14 | Male: 10 Female: 4 | 5 per week for 45 min | MCI | 5 weeks, 25 sessions | Executive functions |
Vermeij et al., 2015 | Cogmed | 18 | Male: 14 Female: 4 | 5 per week for 45 min | MCI | 5 weeks, 25 sessions | Executive functions |
Hyer et al., 2016 | Cogmed | 34 | Male: 17 Female: 17 | 25 sessions for 40 min | MCI | 5-7 weeks | Executive functions |
González-Palau et al., 2014 | GRADIOR | 11 | Unreported | 3 per week for 40 min | MCI | 12 weeks | Attention and memory |
Vanova et al., 2018 | GRADIOR and ehco-BUTLER | GRADIOR: 85 ehcoBUTLER: 85 Both: 85 | Unreported | 3-4 per week for 30 min | Dementia and MCI | 12 months | GRADIOR: Attention, memory, language, visuospatial, executive functions, and praxis abilities ehcoBUTLER: Attention, memory, language, visuospatial, executive functions |
De Luca et al., 2016 | Unreported | 20 | Males: 10 Females: 10 | 3 per week | MCI | 8 weeks, 24 sessions | Attention, memory, language, and praxis abilities |