Background
Methods
Search strategy
Selection criteria
Study selection
Data extraction
Quality assessment and publication bias
Statistical analysis
Results
Study identification
Source | Participants | Mean age | Male % | FTNDa | Location | Jadad score | Intervention | Early outcome | Late outcome |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hajek [10] | Active: 58 | 44.5 | 66.7 % | 4.9 | London, UK, 1 center | 4 | 15 mg/16 hours nicotine patch, started on TQD, continued to 4th week | 1-4 week continuous abstinence | Not available |
Placebo: 59 | Varenicline 1 week before TQD, titrated to 2 mg/day, continued to 12th week | ||||||||
Total: 117 | |||||||||
Koegelenberg [9] | Active: 216 | 46.3 | 38.3 % | 4.5 | South Africa, 7 centers | 5 | 15 mg/16 hours nicotine patch, started 2 weeks before TQD, continued to 12th week. | 9-12 week continuous abstinence | 9-24 week continuous abstinence |
Placebo:219 | Varenicline 1 week before TQD, titrated to 2 mg/day, continued to 12th week, tapered on the 13th week | ||||||||
Total: 435 | |||||||||
Ramon [11] | Active: 170 | 45.2 | 57.8 % | 6.5 | Barcelona, Spain, 1 center | 5 | 21 mg/24 hours nicotine patch, started on TQD, continued to 12th week | 2-12 week continuous abstinence | 2-24 week continuous abstinence |
Placebo:171 | Varenicline 1 week before TQD, titrated to 2 mg/day, continued to 12th week | ||||||||
Total: 341 |
Characteristics of included studies
Study quality and publication bias
Varenicline plus nicotine patch versus varenicline plus placebo patch: the early outcome
Varenicline plus nicotine patch versus varenicline plus placebo patch: the late outcome
The safety of combination therapy
Varenicline + nicotine patch n (%)a | Varenicline + placebo patch n (%)a | OR (95 % CI)a | |
---|---|---|---|
Nausea | 123 (28.4) | 113 (25.7) | 1.15 (0.85, 1.56) |
Insomnia | 83 (18.7) | 69 (15.4) | 1.27 (0.89, 1.80) |
Abnormal dreams | 51 (13.6) | 44 (10.7) | 1.20 (0.78, 1.84) |
Headache | 30 (7.1) | 30 (7.8) | 1.01 (0.60, 1.72) |