Background
Methods
Participants
Measurements
Low muscle mass
Physical performance
Chronic disease
Covariates
Statistical analysis
Results
Grip strength | Gait speed | TUG test performance | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Normal | Low | Normal | Low | Normal | Low | ||||
Variables | n (%) | n (%) | p-value | n (%) | n (%) | p-value | n (%) | n (%) | p-value |
Socio-demographic variables
| |||||||||
Age (years) |
<0.001
|
<0.001
|
<0.001
| ||||||
65-69 | 602 (30.54) | 61 (14.91) | 611 (31.58) | 51 (11.78) | 553 (35.96) | 34 (8.92) | |||
70-74 | 609 (30.90) | 80 (19.56) | 599 (30.96) | 89 (20.55) | 467 (30.36) | 81 (21.26) | |||
75-79 | 435 (22.07) | 100 (24.45) | 427 (22.07) | 106 (24.48) | 301 (19.57) | 100 (26.25) | |||
≥80 | 325 (16.49) | 168 (41.08) | 298 (15.40) | 187 (43.19) | 217 (14.11) | 166 (43.57) | |||
Gender |
<0.001
| 0.579 | 0.959 | ||||||
Woman | 964 (48.91) | 236 (57.70) | 968 (50.03) | 223 (51.50) | 793 (51.56) | 197 (51.71) | |||
Man | 1007 (51.09) | 173 (42.30) | 967 (49.97) | 210 (48.50) | 745 (48.44) | 184 (48.29) | |||
Education years |
0.003
|
<0.001
|
<0.001
| ||||||
≤6 | 998 (51.23) | 241 (59.21) | 969 (50.55) | 263 (61.74) | 619 (40.62) | 213 (57.10) | |||
>6 | 950 (48.77) | 166 (40.79) | 948 (49.45) | 163 (38.26) | 905 (59.38) | 160 (42.90) | |||
Marital status | 0.927 |
0.002
| 0.7480 | ||||||
Married | 1718 (96.35) | 282 (96.25) | 1634 (96.97) | 359 (93.73) | 1250 (95.64) | 299 (95.22) | |||
Unmarried | 65 (3.65) | 11 (3.75) | 51 (3.03) | 24 (6.27) | 57 (4.36) | 15 (4.78) | |||
BMI (kg/m2) | 0.737 |
<0.001
|
<0.001
| ||||||
<18.5 | 66 (3.35) | 15 (3.67) | 57 (2.95) | 24 (5.54) | 42 (2.73) | 17 (4.46) | |||
18.5-24 | 828 (42.01) | 162 (39.61) | 832 (43.00) | 155 (35.80) | 665 (43.24) | 141 (37.01) | |||
24-27 | 633 (32.12) | 131 (32.03) | 630 (32.56) | 126 (29.10) | 506 (32.90) | 105 (27.56) | |||
≥27 | 444 (22.53) | 101 (24.69) | 416 (21.50) | 128 (29.56) | 325 (21.13) | 118 (30.97) | |||
Health behavior
| |||||||||
Smoking | 0.150 | 0.641 | 0.723 | ||||||
No | 1820 (92.34) | 386 (94.38) | 1793 (92.66) | 404 (93.30) | 1429 (92.91) | 352 (92.39) | |||
Yes | 151 (7.66) | 23 (5.62) | 142 (7.34) | 29 (6.70) | 109 (7.09) | 29 (7.61) | |||
Alcohol drink |
0.001
|
0.010
|
0.016
| ||||||
No | 1610 (81.68) | 361 (88.26) | 1583 (81.81) | 377 (87.07) | 1224 (79.58) | 324 (85.04) | |||
Yes | 361 (18.32) | 48 (11.74) | 352 (18.19) | 56 (12.93) | 314 (20.42) | 57 (14.96) | |||
Physical activity a |
<0.001
|
<0.001
|
<0.001
| ||||||
Low | 560 (29.61) | 190 (48.10) | 541 (29.01) | 195 (47.68) | 404 (27.54) | 186 (51.24) | |||
Normal | 627 (33.16) | 127 (32.15) | 621 (33.30) | 135 (33.01) | 504 (34.36) | 106 (29.20) | |||
High | 704 (37.23) | 78 (19.75) | 703 (37.69) | 79 (19.32) | 559 (38.10) | 71 (19.56) | |||
Chronic disease
| |||||||||
Diabetes |
<0.001
|
<0.001
|
<0.001
| ||||||
No | 1590 (80.67) | 287 (70.17) | 1563 (80.78) | 310 (71.59) | 1232 (80.10) | 266 (69.82) | |||
Yes | 381 (19.33) | 122 (29.83) | 372 (19.22) | 123 (28.41) | 306 (19.90) | 115 (30.18) | |||
Hypertension |
<0.001
|
<0.001
|
<0.001
| ||||||
No | 910 (46.17) | 125 (30.56) | 886 (45.79) | 147 (33.95) | 693 (45.06) | 110 (28.87) | |||
Yes | 1061 (53.83) | 284 (69.44) | 1049 (54.21) | 286 (66.05) | 845 (54.94) | 271 (71.13) | |||
Heart disease | 0.260 |
<0.001
|
<0.001
| ||||||
No | 1604 (81.38) | 323 (78.97) | 1599 (82.64) | 318 (73.44) | 1246 (81.01) | 275 (72.18) | |||
Yes | 367 (18.62) | 86 (21.03) | 336 (17.36) | 115 (26.56) | 292 (18.99) | 106 (27.82) | |||
COPD | 0.225 | 0.706 | 0.294 | ||||||
No | 1916 (97.21) | 393 (96.09) | 1879 (97.11) | 419 (96.77) | 1490 (96.88) | 365 (95.80) | |||
Yes | 55 (2.79) | 16 (3.91) | 56 (2.89) | 14 (3.23) | 48 (3.12) | 16 (4.20) | |||
CKD |
0.010
| 0.519 | 0.729 | ||||||
No | 1836 (93.15) | 366 (89.49) | 1788 (92.40) | 404 (93.30) | 1421 (92.39) | 350 (91.86) | |||
Yes | 135 (6.85) | 43 (10.51) | 147 (7.60) | 29 (6.70) | 117 (7.61) | 31 (8.14) | |||
Arthritis |
<0.001
|
<0.001
|
<0.001
| ||||||
No | 1528 (77.52) | 259 (63.33) | 1484 (76.69) | 295 (68.13) | 1166 (75.81) | 251 (65.88) | |||
Yes | 443 (22.48) | 150 (36.67) | 451 (23.31) | 138 (31.87) | 372 (24.19) | 130 (34.12) | |||
Osteoporosis | 0.212 |
<0.001
|
0.001
| ||||||
No | 1618 (82.09) | 325 (79.46) | 1611 (83.26) | 321 (74.13) | 1264 (82.18) | 283 (74.28) | |||
Yes | 353 (17.91) | 84 (20.54) | 324 (16.74) | 112 (25.87) | 274 (17.82) | 98 (25.72) | |||
Muscle mass
| |||||||||
Low ASMI |
0.009
|
<0.001
|
0.005
| ||||||
No | 1601 (81.23) | 309 (75.55) | 1588 (82.07) | 311 (71.82) | 1207 (78.48) | 273 (71.65) | |||
Yes | 370 (18.77) | 100 (24.45) | 347 (17.93) | 122 (28.18) | 331 (21.52) | 108 (28.35) |
Chronic disease | Low ASMI | Total n | Low grip strength | Low gait speed | Low TUG test performance | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | ORcrud(95%CI) | ORadj(95%CI) | n (%) | ORcrud(95%CI) | ORadj(95%CI) | n (%) | ORcrud(95%CI) | ORadj(95%CI) | |||
Diabetes | |||||||||||
No | No | 1497 | 211 (14.09) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 212 (14.16) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 179 (11.96) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
No | Yes | 396 | 76 (19.19) |
1.46 (1.09, 1.95)
| 1.52 (0.93, 2.48) | 98 (24.75) |
1.99 (1.52, 2.61)
|
2.03 (1.31, 3.12)
| 87 (21.97) |
1.63 (1.22, 2.18)
|
1.65 (1.02, 2.68)
|
Yes | No | 426 | 98 (23) |
1.82 (1.39, 2.38)
| 1.36 (0.95, 1.96) | 99 (23.24) |
1.85 (1.42, 2.42)
|
1.76 (1.25, 2.47)
| 94 (22.07) |
1.93 (1.45, 2.57)
|
1.90 (1.29, 2.79)
|
Yes | Yes | 79 | 24 (30.38) |
2.64 (1.60, 4.35)
|
2.43 (1.14, 5.17)
| 24 (30.38) |
2.76 (1.67, 4.57)
|
2.73 (1.33, 5.59)
| 21 (26.58) |
2.32 (1.36,3.97)
| 1.95 (0.87, 4.37) |
Heart disease | |||||||||||
No | No | 1581 | 246 (15.56) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 237 (14.99) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 202 (12.78) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
No | Yes | 362 | 77 (21.27) |
1.47 (1.11, 1.96)
| 1.56 (0.95, 2.56) | 81 (22.38) |
1.65 (1.24, 2.19)
|
1.73 (1.09, 2.73)
| 73 (20.17) |
1.38 (1.03, 1.87)
| 1.38 (0.82, 2.35) |
Yes | No | 342 | 63 (18.42) | 1.22 (0.90, 1.65) | 1.19 (0.78, 1.83) | 74 (21.64) |
1.57 (1.17, 2.10)
| 1.23 (0.83, 1.80) | 71 (20.76) |
1.59 (1.17, 2.16)
| 1.43 (0.93, 2.21) |
Yes | Yes | 113 | 23 (20.35) | 1.39 (0.86, 2.24) | 1.94 (0.94, 3.99) | 41 (36.28) |
3.18 (2.12, 4.78)
|
2.97 (1.65, 5.34)
| 35 (30.97) |
2.35 (1.53, 3.61)
|
2.48 (1.32, 4.65)
|
Hypertension | |||||||||||
No | No | 797 | 83 (10.41) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 92 (11.54) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 62 (7.78) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
No | Yes | 248 | 42 (16.94) |
1.77 (1.19, 2.65)
|
1.93 (1.06, 3.52)
| 55 (22.18) |
2.19 (1.51, 3.17)
|
2.20 (1.30, 3.72)
| 48 (19.35) |
2.24 (1.48, 3.39)
|
2.31 (1.25, 4.25)
|
Yes | No | 1126 | 226 (20.07) |
2.16 (1.65, 2.83)
| 1.27 (0.90, 1.79) | 219 (19.45) |
1.86 (1.43, 2.42)
|
1.39 (1.00, 1.91)
| 211 (18.74) |
2.53 (1.87, 3.44)
|
2.02 (1.37, 2.98)
|
Yes | Yes | 227 | 58 (25.55) |
2.95 (2.02, 4.29)
| 1.72 (0.97, 3.05) | 67 (29.52) |
3.23 (2.25, 4.62)
|
2.38 (1.43, 3.99)
| 60 (26.43) |
3.26 (2.19, 4.85)
|
2.26 (1.27, 4.03)
|
Arthritis | |||||||||||
No | No | 1426 | 189 (13.25) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 205 (14.38) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 177 (12.41) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
No | Yes | 373 | 70 (18.77) |
1.52 (1.12, 2.05)
|
1.72 (1.05, 2.81)
| 90 (24.13) |
1.89 (1.43, 2.50)
|
1.88 (1.22, 2.90)
| 74 (19.84) |
1.38 (1.02, 1.87)
| 1.28 (0.78, 2.10) |
Yes | No | 497 | 120 (24.14) |
2.09 (1.62, 2.70)
| 1.30 (0.91, 1.86) | 106 (21.33) |
1.62 (1.25, 2.11)
|
1.47 (1.05, 2.06)
| 96 (19.32) |
1.56 (1.18, 2.06)
| 1.18 (0.80, 1.75) |
Yes | Yes | 102 | 30 (29.41) |
2.79 (1.77, 4.39)
| 1.60 (0.75, 3.40) | 32 (31.37) |
2.81 (1.80, 4.38)
|
3.06 (1.52, 6.15)
| 34 (33.33) |
2.87 (1.83, 4.50)
|
2.93 (1.41, 6.10)
|
Osteoporosis | |||||||||||
No | No | 1574 | 245 (15.57) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 227 (14.42) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 203 (12.9) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
No | Yes | 382 | 80 (20.94) |
1.44 (1.09, 1.91)
|
1.65 (1.02, 2.68)
| 94 (24.61) |
1.94 (1.48, 2.55)
|
1.90 (1.23, 2.93)
| 80 (20.94) |
1.44 (1.07, 1.92)
| 1.44 (0.88, 2.35) |
Yes | No | 349 | 64 (18.34) | 1.22 (0.90, 1.66) | 1.03 (0.70, 1.51) | 84 (24.07) |
1.89 (1.42, 2.51)
| 1.39 (0.97, 1.99) | 70 (20.06) |
1.59 (1.17, 2.17)
| 1.31 (0.86, 1.98) |
Yes | Yes | 93 | 20 (21.51) | 1.52 (0.91, 2.54) | 1.35 (0.62, 2.98) | 28 (30.11) |
2.56 (1.61, 4.08)
|
2.78 (1.41, 5.48)
| 28 (30.11) |
2.32 (1.44, 3.73)
|
2.25 (1.07, 4.71)
|