Background
Methods
Data source
Participants
Measurements
HRQoL
Cardiorespiratory fitness
Anthropometric measures
Fit-Fat index
Smoking status and alcohol intake
Systolic blood pressure
Statistical analysis
Results
Characteristics | All men | 1st tertile (Low) | 2nd tertile (Moderate) | 3rd tertile (High) | P value a
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | 709 | 236 | 236 | 237 | - |
Age (years) | 31.6 ± 7.4 | 34.8 ± 6.5 | 32.4 ± 7.2 | 27.7 ± 6.6 | <0.001 |
FFI, median | 21.7 | 17.1 | 21.7 | 27.0 | <0.001 |
CRF (METmax) | 11.4 ± 1.5 | 9.8 ± 0.9 | 11.4 ± 0.7 | 12.9 ± 1.0 | <0.001 |
Waist/Height ratio | 0.53 ± 0.07 | 0.59 ± 0.05 | 0.53 ± 0.03 | 0.46 ± 0.04 | <0.001 |
Height (cm) | 176.8 ± 8.4 | 176.2 ± 9.1 | 176.0 ± 7.5 | 178.4 ± 8.2 | 0.002 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 92.8 ± 11.4 | 103.7 ± 8.2 | 92.6 ± 6.3 | 82.3 ± 7.6 | <0.001 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 28.7 ± 4.3 | 32.7 ± 3.4 | 28.5 ± 2.5 | 25.0 ± 2.7 | <0.001 |
PCS | 52.3 ± 7.3 | 50.1 ± 7.9 | 52.5 ± 7.1 | 54.4 ± 6.2 | <0.001 |
MCS | 51.3 ± 8.2 | 50.2 ± 8.4 | 51.2 ± 8.2 | 52.4 ± 8.1 | 0.02 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 124.1 ± 11.6 | 126.9 ± 11.8 | 123.5 ± 11.3 | 121.9 ± 11.2 | <0.001 |
Current smokers, n (%) | 164 (23.1) | 55 (23.3) | 60 (25.4) | 49 (20.7) | 0.47 |
Current drinkers, n (%) | 19 (2.7) | 8 (3.4) | 6 (2.5) | 5 (2.1) | 0.68 |
Potential risk factors | Participants | Odds ratio | 95%CI |
P value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age a
| ||||
1st tertile (Low) | 253 | 1.00 (Referent) | ― | ― |
2nd tertile (Moderate) | 225 | 1.23 | 0.80–1.91 | 0.35 |
3rd tertile (High) | 231 | 1.07 | 0.69–1.65 | 0.78 |
Cardiorespiratory fitness b
| ||||
1st tertile (Low) | 236 | 1.00 (Referent) | ― | ― |
2nd tertile (Moderate) | 236 | 1.75 | 1.12–2.73 | 0.02 |
3rd tertile (High) | 237 | 1.79 | 0.99–3.26 | 0.06 |
Waist/Height ratio c
| ― | |||
1st tertile (Low) | 253 | 1.00 (Referent) | ― | |
2nd tertile (Moderate) | 217 | 0.90 | 0.58–1.42 | 0.65 |
3rd tertile (High) | 239 | 0.78 | 0.47–1.30 | 0.34 |
Waist circumference c
| ||||
1st tertile (Low) | 292 | 1.00 (Referent) | ― | ― |
2nd tertile (Moderate) | 191 | 0.91 | 0.58–1.43 | 0.69 |
3rd tertile (High) | 226 | 0.66 | 0.40–1.08 | 0.10 |
Body mass index c
| ||||
1st tertile (Low) | 238 | 1.00 (Referent) | ― | ― |
2nd tertile (Moderate) | 241 | 1.16 | 0.72–1.86 | 0.54 |
3rd tertile (High) | 230 | 0.69 | 0.39–1.21 | 0.19 |
Systolic blood pressure d
| ||||
1st tertile (Low) | 270 | 1.00 (Referent) | ― | ― |
2nd tertile (Moderate) | 229 | 1.24 | 0.82–1.87 | 0.31 |
3rd tertile (High) | 210 | 1.08 | 0.72–1.63 | 0.71 |
Current smokers e
| ||||
No | 545 | 1.00 (Referent) | ― | ― |
Yes | 164 | 0.69 | 0.47–1.01 | 0.06 |
Current drinkers f
| ||||
< 14 drinks per week | 690 | 1.00 (Referent) | ― | ― |
≥ 14 drinks per week | 19 | 1.77 | 0.56–5.57 | 0.32 |
Potential risk factors | Participants | Odds ratio | 95%CI |
P value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age a
| ||||
1st tertile (Low) | 253 | 1.00 (Referent) | ― | ― |
2nd tertile (Moderate) | 225 | 2.26 | 1.51–3.38 | <0.001 |
3rd tertile (High) | 231 | 5.05 | 3.21–7.94 | <0.001 |
Cardiorespiratory fitness b
| ||||
1st tertile (Low) | 236 | 1.00 (Referent) | ― | ― |
2nd tertile (Moderate) | 236 | 1.69 | 1.08–2.65 | 0.02 |
3rd tertile (High) | 237 | 4.34 | 2.37–7.94 | <0.001 |
Waist/Height ratio c
| ||||
1st tertile (Low) | 253 | 1.00 (Referent) | ― | ― |
2nd tertile (Moderate) | 217 | 0.89 | 0.58–1.37 | 0.60 |
3rd tertile (High) | 239 | 0.80 | 0.49–1.31 | 0.37 |
Waist circumference c
| ||||
1st tertile (Low) | 292 | 1.00 (Referent) | ― | ― |
2nd tertile (Moderate) | 191 | 0.75 | 0.49–1.16 | 0.19 |
3rd tertile (High) | 226 | 0.82 | 0.50–1.33 | 0.41 |
Body mass index c
| ||||
1st tertile (Low) | 238 | 1.00 (Referent) | ― | ― |
2nd tertile (Moderate) | 241 | 0.81 | 0.52–1.25 | 0.34 |
3rd tertile (High) | 230 | 0.85 | 0.49–1.47 | 0.55 |
Systolic blood pressure d
| ||||
1st tertile (Low) | 270 | 1.00 (Referent) | ― | ― |
2nd tertile (Moderate) | 229 | 1.35 | 0.91–1.99 | 0.13 |
3rd tertile (High) | 210 | 1.65 | 1.10–2.49 | 0.02 |
Current smokers e
| ||||
No | 545 | 1.00 (Referent) | ― | ― |
Yes | 164 | 0.88 | 0.60–1.29 | 0.52 |
Current drinkers f
| ||||
< 14 drinks pre week | 690 | 1.00 (Referent) | ― | ― |
≥ 14 drinks per week | 19 | 1.02 | 0.39–2.67 | 0.97 |
1st tertile Low (referent) | 2nd tertile Moderate | 3rd tertile High |
P value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
PCS
| ||||
Average or better PCS prevalence | 60.2 % | 71.6 % | 82.3 % | ― |
Age-adjusted OR (95 % CI) | 1.00 | 1.64 (1.11–2.42) | 2.91(1.84–4.59) | <0.001 |
Multivariable OR (95 % CI) a
| 1.00 | 1.69 (1.14–2.51) | 2.96 (1.86–4.01) | <0.001 |
Multivariable OR (95 % CI) b
| 1.00 | 1.63 (1.09–2.42) | 3.12 (1.95–4.99) | <0.001 |
MCS
| ||||
Average or better MCS prevalence | 57.6 % | 63.6 % | 72.2 % | ― |
Age-adjusted OR (95 % CI) | 1.00 | 1.70 (1.14–2.53) | 4.19 (2.64–6.63) | <0.001 |
Multivariable OR (95 % CI) a
| 1.00 | 1.79 (1.20–2.68) | 4.51 (2.82–7.21) | <0.001 |
Multivariable OR (95 % CI) b
| 1.00 | 1.70 (1.13–2.55) | 4.89 (3.03–7.89) | <0.001 |