Background
Methods
Computer simulation
Population-based data sources and study cohort
Data source | Contact frequency, source and duration | ICD 9-CM/10-CA diagnosis codes | ATC medication codes |
---|---|---|---|
AHR | 1 + H or 2 + P in 2 years | ICD-9-CM: 401–405 ICD-10-CA: I10-I13, I15 | |
EMR | (2 + P in 2 years) or 1 + PL or 1 + Rx ever | ICD-9-CM: 401–405 | C07AB04, C09XA02, C03DB01, C08CA01, C07AB03, C07CB03, C09AA07, C09AA01, C07AG02, C03BA04, C09AA08, C09AA02, C09BA02, C09CA02, C09DA02, C08CA02, C09AA09,C03AA03, C03EA01, C03BA11, C09CA04, C09DA04, C09AA03, C09BA03, C09DA01, C02LB01, C03BA08, C09CA07, C07AA06, C09AA10, C03DB02, C09CA03, C08DA01 |
Model covariates
Data-combining methods
Statistical analysis for numeric example
Results
Computer simulation
\( {prev}_{Y_1}, \)
\( {prev}_{Y_2} \)
|
\( {\overline{\rho}}_x \)
|
RB;
prev
T
= 20%
| |||||||||
\( {\boldsymbol{\rho}}_{{\boldsymbol{Y}}_{\mathbf{1}}{\boldsymbol{Y}}_{\mathbf{2}}} \)
= 0.85
|
\( {\boldsymbol{\rho}}_{{\boldsymbol{Y}}_{\mathbf{1}}{\boldsymbol{Y}}_{\mathbf{2}}} \)
= 0.65
| ||||||||||
OR
|
AND
|
RSSA
|
PSSA (16)
|
PSSA (8)
|
OR
|
AND
|
RSSA
|
PSSA (16)
|
PSSA (8)
| ||
18, 15%
| 0.00 | 9.5 | 47.5 | 7.5 | 9.5 | 11.3 | 23.1 | 59.4 | 1.3 | 48.3 | 49.5 |
0.20
|
9.0
|
47.7
|
7.9
|
2.1
|
7.4
| 22.9 | 59.4 | 1.5 | 41.7 | 54.3 | |
0.50 | 10.1 | 47.2 | 7.0 | 24.3 | 21.1 | 23.7 | 59.1 | 0.9 | 99.0 | 78.6 | |
18, 10% | 0.00 | 0.3 | 58.6 | 18.2 | 1.1 | 3.0 | 10.8 | 67.1 | 12.8 | 28.9 | 37.5 |
0.20 | 0.9 | 58.9 | 18.7 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 10.5 | 67.2 | 13.0 | 31.1 | 54.3 | |
0.50 | 0.2 | 58.3 | 17.7 | 48.8 | 26.1 | 11.2 | 66.8 | 12.4 | 108.8 | 90.1 | |
15, 15% | 0.00 | 4.1 | 49.2 | 11.5 | 3.7 | 4.3 | 17.6 | 61.7 | 5.8 | 41.3 | 42.5 |
0.20 | 3.6 | 49.4 | 12.0 | 3.1 | 3.6 | 17.2 | 61.9 | 6.1 | 37.6 | 50.1 | |
0.50 | 4.8 | 48.7 | 10.9 | 20.5 | 12.5 | 18.1 | 61.5 | 5.3 | 102.0 | 70.7 | |
\( {prev}_{Y_1}, \)
\( {prev}_{Y_2} \)
|
\( {\overline{\rho}}_x \)
|
MSE;
prev
T
= 20%
| |||||||||
\( {\boldsymbol{\rho}}_{{\boldsymbol{Y}}_{\mathbf{1}}{\boldsymbol{Y}}_{\mathbf{2}}} \)
= 0.85
|
\( {\boldsymbol{\rho}}_{{\boldsymbol{Y}}_{\mathbf{1}}{\boldsymbol{Y}}_{\mathbf{2}}} \)
= 0.65
| ||||||||||
OR
|
AND
|
RSSA
|
PSSA (16)
|
PSSA (8)
|
OR
|
AND
|
RSSA
|
PSSA (16)
|
PSSA (8)
| ||
18, 15%
| 0.00 | 0.04 | 0.90 | 0.02 | 0.06 | 0.47 | 0.22 | 1.41 | < 0.01 | 0.99 | 1.76 |
0.20
|
0.03
|
0.91
|
0.03
|
0.02
|
0.52
| 0.21 | 1.41 | < 0.01 | 0.82 | 2.25 | |
0.50 | 0.04 | 0.89 | 0.02 | 1.06 | 1.47 | 0.23 | 1.40 | 0.00 | 4.68 | 4.46 | |
18, 10% | 0.00 | < 0.01 | 1.37 | 0.13 | 0.02 | 0.69 | 0.05 | 1.80 | 0.07 | 0.40 | 1.70 |
0.20 | < 0.01 | 1.39 | 0.14 | 0.06 | 1.16 | 0.05 | 1.80 | 0.07 | 0.70 | 3.48 | |
0.50 | < 0.01 | 1.36 | 0.13 | 2.28 | 2.32 | 0.05 | 1.79 | 0.06 | 5.36 | 6.16 | |
15, 15% | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.97 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.46 | 0.13 | 1.53 | 0.01 | 0.74 | 1.62 |
0.20 | 0.01 | 0.98 | 0.06 | 0.02 | 0.72 | 0.12 | 1.53 | 0.02 | 0.74 | 2.20 | |
0.50 | 0.01 | 0.95 | 0.05 | 1.03 | 1.29 | 0.13 | 1.51 | 0.01 | 4.84 | 3.96 | |
\( {prev}_{Y_1}, \)
\( {prev}_{Y_2} \)
|
\( {\overline{\rho}}_x \)
|
RB;
prev
T
= 10%
| |||||||||
\( {\boldsymbol{\rho}}_{{\boldsymbol{Y}}_{\mathbf{1}}{\boldsymbol{Y}}_{\mathbf{2}}} \)
= 0.85
|
\( {\boldsymbol{\rho}}_{{\boldsymbol{Y}}_{\mathbf{1}}{\boldsymbol{Y}}_{\mathbf{2}}} \)
= 0.65
| ||||||||||
OR
|
AND
|
RSSA
|
PSSA (16)
|
PSSA (8)
|
OR
|
AND
|
RSSA
|
PSSA (16)
|
PSSA (8)
| ||
8, 7% | 0.00 | 11.5 | 55.8 | 8.4 | 9.7 | 35.0 | 29.6 | 67.1 | 1.1 | 76.2 | 154.9 |
0.20 | 10.5 | 56.1 | 9.2 | 42.6 | 37.8 | 28.7 | 67.4 | 0.3 | 196.7 | 217.1 | |
0.50 | 13.1 | 54.9 | 7.1 | 216.1 | 43.3 | 30.7 | 66.6 | 2.0 | 307.6 | 286.5 | |
8, 5% | 0.00 | 2.9 | 59.7 | 16.0 | 1.1 | 50.5 | 12.2 | 73.4 | 13.5 | 45.3 | 114.9 |
0.20 | 3.2 | 59.7 | 15.8 | 10.7 | 85.1 | 12.0 | 73.9 | 13.8 | 235.2 | 273.4 | |
0.50 | 3.8 | 59.2 | 15.3 | 230.5 | 198.2 | 14.2 | 73.3 | 12.1 | 322.2 | 334.8 | |
5, 5% | 0.00 | 14.7 | 70.0 | 30.9 | 6.3 | 92.1 | 7.4 | 78.7 | 28.4 | 61.0 | 193.0 |
0.20 | 15.4 | 70.2 | 31.5 | 134.4 | 149.1 | 8.0 | 78.7 | 28.8 | 271.0 | 217.9 | |
0.50 | 13.6 | 69.5 | 30.0 | 275.7 | 222.1 | 6.3 | 78.2 | 27.4 | 333.8 | 375.0 | |
\( {prev}_{Y_1}, \)
\( {prev}_{Y_2} \)
|
\( {\overline{\rho}}_x \)
|
MSE;
prev
T
= 10%
| |||||||||
\( {\boldsymbol{\rho}}_{{\boldsymbol{Y}}_{\mathbf{1}}{\boldsymbol{Y}}_{\mathbf{2}}} \)
= 0.85
|
\( {\boldsymbol{\rho}}_{{\boldsymbol{Y}}_{\mathbf{1}}{\boldsymbol{Y}}_{\mathbf{2}}} \)
= 0.65
| ||||||||||
OR
|
AND
|
RSSA
|
PSSA (16)
|
PSSA (8)
|
OR
|
AND
|
RSSA
|
PSSA (16)
|
PSSA (8)
| ||
8, 7% | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.31 | 0.01 | 0.28 | 2.01 | 0.09 | 0.45 | < 0.01 | 0.87 | 6.33 |
0.20 | 0.01 | 0.31 | 0.01 | 1.29 | 1.31 | 0.08 | 0.45 | < 0.01 | 5.19 | 8.53 | |
0.50 | 0.02 | 0.30 | 0.01 | 5.60 | 6.72 | 0.10 | 0.44 | < 0.01 | 9.97 | 12.77 | |
8, 5% | 0.00 | < 0.01 | 0.36 | 0.03 | 0.12 | 2.78 | 0.02 | 0.54 | 0.02 | 0.28 | 4.31 |
0.20 | < 0.01 | 0.36 | 0.03 | 0.59 | 3.59 | 0.02 | 0.55 | 0.02 | 7.28 | 12.63 | |
0.50 | < 0.01 | 0.35 | 0.02 | 6.39 | 8.45 | 0.02 | 0.54 | 0.02 | 10.91 | 16.73 | |
5, 5% | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.49 | 0.10 | 0.57 | 6.96 | 0.01 | 0.62 | 0.08 | 1.92 | 9.37 |
0.20 | 0.02 | 0.49 | 0.10 | 4.82 | 8.11 | 0.01 | 0.62 | 0.08 | 9.11 | 9.70 | |
0.50 | 0.02 | 0.48 | 0.09 | 8.71 | 10.08 | < 0.01 | 0.61 | 0.08 | 11.79 | 18.41 |
Results for numeric example
Characteristics | Frequency | % |
---|---|---|
Sex | ||
Male | 29,802 | 43.3 |
Female | 39,075 | 56.7 |
Age group | ||
18–44 years | 33,007 | 47.9 |
45–64 years | 26,243 | 38.1 |
65+ years | 9627 | 14.0 |
Region | ||
Non-Winnipeg | 30,871 | 44.8 |
Winnipeg | 38,006 | 55.2 |
Income quintile | ||
Not found | 8888 | 12.9 |
Q1 (lowest) | 8858 | 12.9 |
Q2 | 10,278 | 14.9 |
Q3 | 12,154 | 17.6 |
Q4 | 14,106 | 20.5 |
Q5 (highest) | 14,593 | 21.2 |
Charlson Comorbidity Score | ||
0 | 57,649 | 83.7 |
1 to 2 | 10,348 | 15.0 |
3+ | 880 | 1.3 |
AHR-defined diseases | ||
Cerebrovascular disease | 916 | 1.3 |
Congestive heart failure | 558 | 0.8 |
COPD | 1287 | 1.9 |
Coronary heart disease | 2623 | 3.8 |
Dementia | 625 | 0.9 |
Depression | 7098 | 10.3 |
Diabetes | 4176 | 6.1 |
Obesity | 1623 | 2.4 |
Renal disease | 916 | 1.3 |
Substance abuse | 1387 | 2.0 |
EMR-defined diseases | ||
COPD | 181 | 0.3 |
Dementia | 1130 | 1.6 |
Depression | 11,005 | 16.0 |
Diabetes | 6435 | 9.3 |
Obesity | 15,191 | 22.1 |
Data Source/Method | Males (95% CI) | Females (95% CI) | 18–44 years (95% CI) | 45–64 years (95% CI) | 65+ years (95% CI) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
AHR only | 31.7 (31.2–32.2) | 30.3 (29.8–30.8) | 10.3 (10.0–10.6) | 40.5 (39.9–41.1) | 75.3 (74.4–76.2) |
EMR only | 26.0 (25.5–26.5) | 24.1 (23.7–24.5) | 9.0 (8.7–9.3) | 33.5 (32.9–34.1) | 56.4 (55.4–57.4) |
OR | 35.7 (35.2–36.2) | 34.0 (33.5–34.5) | 12.8 (12.4–13.2) | 45.3 (44.7–45.9) | 78.8 (78.0–79.6) |
AND | 22.1 (21.6–22.6) | 20.9 (20.5–21.3) | 6.4 (6.1–6.7) | 28.7 (28.1–29.3) | 53.0 (52.0–54.0) |
RSSA | 33.4 (32.8–33.9) | 31.3 (30.6–31.8) | 11.9 (11.6–12.3) | 42.2 (41.6–42.8) | 73.8 (72.9–74.7) |
PSSA, model 1 | 37.1 (36.8–37.3) | 34.9 (34.7–35.1) | 13.9 (13.7–14.2) | 46.9 (46.7–47.3) | 79.7 (79.4–80.0) |
PSSA, model 2 | 37.0 (36.8–37.2) | 34.7 (34.5–35.0) | 13.6 (13.4–13.9) | 46.1 (45.9–46.4) | 79.4 (79.1–79.7) |
PSSA, model 3 | 36.5 (36.2–36.7) | 34.5 (34.3–34.7) | 12.8 (12.6–13.0) | 46.3 (46.0–46.6) | 79.4 (79.1–79.8) |
PSSA, model 4 | 35.1 (34.9–35.4) | 33.2 (32.9–33.5) | 12.2 (11.9–12.4) | 44.8 (44.5–45.1) | 79.1 (78.8–79.5) |
Model | Overall | Males | Females | 18–44 years | 45–64 years | 65+ years |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 167,249 | 73,418 | 93,565 | 42,925 | 71,311 | 26,719 |
2 | 166,994 | 73,405 | 93,493 | 42,921 | 70,983 | 26,554 |
3 | 166,506 | 73,181 | 93,351 | 42,421 | 71,033 | 26,622 |
4 |
165,719
|
72,706
|
92,688
|
42,220
|
70,483
|
26,525
|