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Drugs & Aging
Erschienen in:

06.09.2018 | Original Research Article

Commonly Initiated Opioids and Risk of Fracture Hospitalizations in United States Nursing Homes

verfasst von: Jacob N. Hunnicutt, Anne L. Hume, Shao-Hsien Liu, Christine M. Ulbricht, Jennifer Tjia, Kate L. Lapane

Erschienen in: Drugs & Aging | Ausgabe 10/2018

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Abstract

Objectives

The aim of this study was to estimate the comparative safety of initiating commonly used opioids among older, long-stay United States nursing home residents with fracture hospitalizations.

Methods

We conducted a new-user retrospective cohort study of nursing home residents initiating short-acting oxycodone, hydrocodone, or tramadol by merging the 2011–2013 Minimum Data Set 3.0 to Medicare hospitalization and pharmacy claims. Residents (≥ 65 years, no cancer or hospice use) contributed treatment episodes (> 120 days with no prior opioid claims) and were followed for 180 days until incident fracture hospitalization (hip, femur, humerus, pelvis, radius/ulna), death (competing risk), treatment changes (e.g., discontinuation), or administrative censoring. Competing risks models with inverse probability of treatment weighting were used to estimate subdistribution hazard ratios (HRSD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results

Overall, 110,862 residents contributed 134,432 treatment episodes: 14,373 oxycodone; 69,182 hydrocodone; and 50,877 tramadol initiators. The incidences of fracture hospitalizations per 100 person-years were 9.4 (95% CI 7.5–11.7) for oxycodone, 7.9 (95% CI 7.1–8.8) for hydrocodone, and 5.0 (95% CI 4.3–5.7) for tramadol initiators. In weighted models, oxycodone initiators had a similar rate of fractures to hydrocodone initiators (HRSD 1.08, 95% CI 0.79–1.48). Tramadol initiators had lower fracture rates than hydrocodone initiators (HRSD 0.67, 95% CI 0.56–0.80).

Conclusions

The lower rate of fractures that we documented among tramadol initiators compared with hydrocodone initiators is consistent, albeit attenuated compared with prior studies among community-dwelling older adults. However, overall fracture rates were lower than in community settings, potentially due to the limited risk of falling in this population with limited mobility.
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Metadaten
Titel
Commonly Initiated Opioids and Risk of Fracture Hospitalizations in United States Nursing Homes
verfasst von
Jacob N. Hunnicutt
Anne L. Hume
Shao-Hsien Liu
Christine M. Ulbricht
Jennifer Tjia
Kate L. Lapane
Publikationsdatum
06.09.2018
Verlag
Springer International Publishing
Erschienen in
Drugs & Aging / Ausgabe 10/2018
Print ISSN: 1170-229X
Elektronische ISSN: 1179-1969
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40266-018-0583-x

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