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Clinical Oral Investigations

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27.01.2022 | Original Article

Comparative analysis of leaching residual monomer and biological effects of four types of conventional and CAD/CAM dental polymers: an in vitro study

verfasst von: Xia Wei, Yu Pan, Mingjun Wang, Yinghui Wang, Honglei Lin, Lei Jiang, Donghong Lin, Hui Cheng

Erschienen in: Clinical Oral Investigations | Ausgabe 3/2022

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Abstract

Objectives

The objective of this study is to investigate leaching residual monomer and biological effects of four types of conventional and computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) dental polymers on human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs).

Materials and methods

A total of 540 disk-shaped specimens were fabricated from four different materials (n=135 per group): compression-molding polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) (conventional denture polymer), CAD/CAM PMMA (CAD/CAM denture polymer), bis-acrylic composite resin (conventional temporary polymer), and CAD/CAM PMMA (CAD/CAM temporary polymer). Specimens were eluted in cell culture medium for 72 h at 37°C, and the residual monomer in eluates subsequently was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The biological effects of material eluates on HGFs were analyzed by CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry, real-time quantitative PCR, Western blotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to identify cell death patterns and its biological mechanism.

Results

Methyl methacrylate (MMA) was detected only in compression-molding PMMA, and by-products were detected in bis-acrylic composite resin. The cell proliferation of CAD/CAM denture polymer or CAD/CAM temporary polymer was greater than that of compression-molding PMMA or bis-acrylic composite resin at 72 h in culture. No apoptosis and necrosis were detected in CAD/CAM dental polymers. Apoptosis was detected only in bis-acrylic composite resin and further confirmed by the upregulation of Bax and cleaved Caspase-3, as well as the downregulation of Bcl-2 gene. And no significant variation in inflammatory cytokines secretion was observed in all materials.

Conclusions

CAD/CAM dental polymers (including temporary and denture polymers) have favorable biocompatibility due to lower residual monomer, which provides scientific evidence to the controversy of biocompatibility of conventional and CAD/CAM dental polymers.

Clinical relevance

The use of CAD/CAM dental polymers is recommended in the fabrication of temporary restorations and dentures due to their favorable biocompatibility.

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Titel: Comparative analysis of leaching residual monomer and biological effects of four types of conventional and CAD/CAM dental polymers: an in vitro study
verfasst von: Xia Wei
Yu Pan
Mingjun Wang
Yinghui Wang
Honglei Lin
Lei Jiang
Donghong Lin
Hui Cheng
Publikationsdatum: 27.01.2022
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in: Clinical Oral Investigations / Ausgabe 3/2022
Print ISSN: 1432-6981
Elektronische ISSN: 1436-3771
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-021-04271-2

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Comparative analysis of leaching residual monomer and biological effects of four types of conventional and CAD/CAM dental polymers: an in vitro study