Background
Method
Design
Patients
Procedure and randomisation
Measures
Primary endpoint
Secondary endpoints
Statistical analysis
Results
Characteristics | Value (N = 19 patients) |
---|---|
Female, n (%) | 6 (32) |
Age, mean (SD) | 65.3 (9.7) |
Body mass index (kg/m2), median (25–75th percentile) | 29.7 (22.5–32.7) |
SAPS II at ICU admission, mean (SD) | 57.5 (24) |
Main diagnosis | |
Pneumonia, n (%) | 4 (21) |
Sepsis, n (%) | 1 (5) |
COPD/asthma exacerbation, n (%) | 1 (5) |
Cardiac failure, n (%) | 3 (16) |
Drug overdose/acute mental status change, n (%) | 5 (26) |
Intra-abdominal sepsis with surgery, n (%) | 5 (26) |
Co-morbidity | |
Chronic pulmonary disease, n (%) | 6 (32) |
Obesity, n (%) | 9 (47) |
Chronic cardiac insufficiency, n (%) | 5 (26) |
Cancer, n (%) | 1 (5) |
Chronic kidney disease, n (%) | 3 (16) |
Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 7 (37) |
Between admission and inclusion | |
Septic shock, n (%) | 6 (31) |
ARDS, n (%) | 5 (26) |
Renal failure, n (%) | 8 (42) |
Use of cathecolamines, n (%) | 13 (68) |
Use of neuromuscular blockers, n (%) | 10 (53) |
No. of days of neuromuscular blockers, median (25–75th percentile) | 1 (0–2) |
Ventilator use (days), median (25–75th percentile) | 4 (2–7) |
Ventilator parameters and sedation use during protocol | |
Pressure support (cmH2O), mean (SD) | 15 (3) |
Positive end-expiratory pressure (cmH2O), mean (SD) | 7 (1) |
Fraction of inspired oxygen (%), mean (SD) | 35 (13) |
Midazolam mg/h, mean (SD) | 5 (4) |
Primary outcome
Cardiac output (L/min) (95% CI) | Passive range of leg motion (PROM) | Passive cycle-ergometery | Quadriceps electrical stimulation | Functional electrical stimulation cycling (FES cycling) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Rest | 6.6 (5.6–7.3) | 6.7 (5.8–7.7) | 6.6 (5.7–7.6) | 6.7 (5.7–7.6) |
3 min | 6.6 (5.6–7.5) | 6.8 (5.8–7.8) | 6.8 (5.8–7.7) | 7.3 (6.3–8.3)*, ‡ |
6 min | 6.5 (5.5–7.5) | 6.8 (5.8–7.7) | 6.7 (5.8–7.7) | 7.7 (6.8–8.7)*, †,‡ |
9 min | 6.5 (5.6–7.5) | 6.8 (5.8–7.7) | 6.8 (5.8–7.7) | 7.7 (6.7–8.7)*, †,‡ |
Recovery | 6.6 (5.6–7.5) | 6.7 (5.7–7.6) | 6.6 (5.7–7.6) | 7.1 (6.2–8.1)* |
Secondary outcomes
Outcomes | PROM | Passive cycle ergometry | Quadriceps electrical stimulation | FES cycling | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rest | Exercise | Rest | Exercise | Rest | Exercise | Rest | Exercise | |
Heart rate (b/min) | 93 (86–100) | 93 (86–100) | 94 (86–101) | 94 (86–101) | 94 (86–101) | 93 (86–101) | 94 (86–101) | 97* (90–104) |
TAPSE (cm) | 2 (1.8–2.2) | 1.9 (1.7–2.1) | 1.8 (1.5–2) | 1.8 (1.6–2) | 1.7 (1.5–2) | 1.8 (1.6–2) | 1.8 (1.6–2) | 2* (1.8–2.2) |
Mean arterial pressure (mmHg) | 87 (80–93) | 88 (82–94) | 85 (79–91) | 89* (83–95) | 87 (80–93) | 87 (81–93) | 84 (77–90) | 91* (85–97) |
PAPS (mmHg) | 51 (37–66) | 45 (32–59) | 51 (39–63) | 49 (35–62) | 47 (35–58) | 46 (35–57) | 50 (36–64) | 51†,‡ (36–67) |
Respiratory Rate (c/min) | 20 (16–24) | 20 (16–24) | 22 (17–27) | 22 (17–27) | 20 (15–25) | 21 (16–26) | 21 (17–25) | 24†,‡ (19–30) |
Tidal volume (mL) | 513 (447–579) | 507 (443–571) | 514 (427–600) | 527 (449–605) | 521 (446–596) | 497 (441–553) | 510 (427–593) | 521 (446–596) |