Introduction
Methods
Participants
Sex | Age (years) | Height (cm) | Body mass (kg) | Lean muscle mass (kg) | Disability (level) | ASIA score | Training (h/week) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Arms (left + right) | Trunk | Legs (left + right) | ||||||||
1 | Male | 26 | 177 | 73.5 | 8.7 | 32.2 | 12.5 | Paraplegia (L2) | C | 5.0 |
2 | Male | 27 | 178 | 59.4 | 7.2 | 26.2 | 13.7 | Paraplegia (Th10) | D | 6.0 |
3 | Male | 19 | 165 | 79.2 | 9.5 | 31.8 | 7.7 | Spina bifida (N/A) | N/A | 7.0 |
4 | Male | 48 | 195 | 95.0 | 10.6 | 37.6 | 14.1 | Paraplegia (Th9) | A | 8.0 |
5 | Female | 40 | 168 | 65.0 | 5.1 | 21.2 | 12.0 | Paraplegia (Th3) | D | 6.0 |
6 | Male | 43 | 178 | 83.5 | 9.7 | 32.6 | 11.5 | Paraplegia (L1) | A | 1.8 |
7 | Male | 28 | 192 | 76.4 | 8.2 | 34.1 | 13.1 | Paraplegia (L1) | A | 3.5 |
Mean ± SD | 33.8 ± 11.2 | 179 ± 11 | 74.4 ± 12.5 | 8.4 ± 1.8 | 30.8 ± 5.4 | 12.1 ± 2.1 | 5.7 ± 2.0 | |||
1 | Male | 26 | 183 | 79.1 | 9.1 | 33.7 | 23.4 | 14 | ||
2 | Female | 21 | 171 | 72.3 | 5.7 | 26.8 | 18.9 | 16 | ||
3 | Female | 20 | 168 | 56.3 | 4.8 | 22.5 | 13.5 | 11 | ||
4 | Male | 22 | 178 | 72.2 | 6.9 | 31.5 | 18.7 | 12.5 | ||
5 | Male | 24 | 183 | 75.5 | 7.2 | 30.7 | 20.9 | 6 | ||
6 | Male | 22 | 187 | 78.1 | 7.7 | 34.5 | 22.2 | 15 | ||
7 | Male | 26 | 184 | 80.4 | 9.4 | 34.7 | 24.2 | 10 | ||
8 | Male | 21 | 190 | 92 | 9.6 | 36.4 | 25.5 | 12.5 | ||
9 | Male | 19 | 180 | 70 | 7.6 | 29.6 | 20.1 | 14 | ||
10 | Male | 23 | 183 | 76.3 | 7.7 | 32.8 | 22.8 | 8 | ||
11 | Male | 19 | 184 | 79.6 | 8.1 | 33.1 | 23.6 | ns | ||
Mean ± SD | 22.4 ± 2.6 | 183 ± 3 | 78.1 ± 6.2 | 8.1 ± 1.0 | 33.0 ± 2.1 | 22.4 ± 2.2 | 11.5 ± 3.2 |
Overall design
Test set-up
Test protocol
Submaximal stages
Incremental test to exhaustion
Statistics
Results
Peak values from incremental test
Upper-body poling | Arm crank ergometry | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Paraplegic | Able bodied | Paraplegic | Able bodied | |
Peak PO (Watt) | 118 ± 34 | 118 ± 34 | 146 ± 33* | 146 ± 33* |
104 ± 35 | 127 ± 31 | 136 ± 38 | 152 ± 29 | |
VO2peak (mL·kg− 1·min− 1) | 35.9 ± 7.8 | 35.9 ± 7.8 | 37.3 ± 8.0 | 37.3 ± 8.0 |
30.3 ± 6.1 | 39.5 ± 6.6† | 32.7 ± 7.0 | 40.3 ± 7.3† | |
Peak VE (L·min− 1) | 145 ± 37* | 145 ± 37* | 126 ± 40 | 126 ± 40 |
131 ± 47 | 154 ± 28 | 124 ± 44 | 126 ± 39 | |
Peak RER | 1.19 ± 0.05* | 1.19 ± 0.05* | 1.11 ± 0.06 | 1.11 ± 0.06 |
1.20 ± 0.05 | 1.19 ± 0.06 | 1.15 ± 0.06† | 1.09 ± 0.04 | |
Peak HR (beats·min− 1) | 176 ± 16 | 176 ± 16 | 178 ± 17 | 178 ± 17 |
172 ± 20 | 178 ± 14 | 182 ± 14 | 176 ± 18 | |
Peak BLa (mmol·L− 1) | 10.8 ± 1.9 | 10.8 ± 1.9 | 9.9 ± 3.0 | 9.9 ± 3.0 |
10.2 ± 2.3 | 11.3 ± 1.5 | 10.3 ± 3.7 | 9.6 ± 2.6 | |
RPE (6–20) | 18.8 ± 1.2 | 18.8 ± 1.2 | 18.4 ± 1.2 | 18.4 ± 1.2 |
19.3 ± 0.5 | 18.5 ± 1.4 | 19.2 ± 0.6† | 17.8 ± 1.2 |