Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Current Bladder Dysfunction Reports 4/2016

17.10.2016 | Reconstructed Bladder Function & Dysfunction (M Kaufman, Section Editor)

Complications and Long-Term Sequelae of Bladder Fistula Repair

verfasst von: Lindsay M. Yuh, Jennifer G. Rothschild

Erschienen in: Current Bladder Dysfunction Reports | Ausgabe 4/2016

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Bladder fistulas involve an abnormal connection between bladder and either vagina or intestine. In this review chapter, we cover the etiology, clinical presentation, and various surgical approaches to repairing vesicovaginal and enterovesical fistulas. The long-term sequela after surgical repair includes recurrent incontinence, lower urinary tract symptoms, infection, and vaginal stenosis. Strategies to approach fistula repair to minimize these complications are emphasized.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Browning A. Obstetric fistula: current practicalities and future concerns. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 2008;19(3):333–4.CrossRefPubMed Browning A. Obstetric fistula: current practicalities and future concerns. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 2008;19(3):333–4.CrossRefPubMed
3.••
Zurück zum Zitat Hillary CJ, Osman NI, Hilton P, Chapple CR. The aetiology, treatment, and outcome of urogenital fistulae managed in well-and low-resourced countries: a systematic review. Eur Urol. 2016. Recent and comprehensive review article Hillary CJ, Osman NI, Hilton P, Chapple CR. The aetiology, treatment, and outcome of urogenital fistulae managed in well-and low-resourced countries: a systematic review. Eur Urol. 2016. Recent and comprehensive review article
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Gutman RE, Dodson JL, Mostwin JL. Complications of treatment of obstetric fistula in the developing world: gynatresia, urinary incontinence, and urinary diversion. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2007;99 Suppl 1:S57–64.CrossRefPubMed Gutman RE, Dodson JL, Mostwin JL. Complications of treatment of obstetric fistula in the developing world: gynatresia, urinary incontinence, and urinary diversion. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2007;99 Suppl 1:S57–64.CrossRefPubMed
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Creanga AA, Genadry RR. Obstetric fistulas: a clinical review. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2007;99 Suppl 1:S40–6.CrossRefPubMed Creanga AA, Genadry RR. Obstetric fistulas: a clinical review. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2007;99 Suppl 1:S40–6.CrossRefPubMed
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Genadry RR, Creanga AA, Roenneburg ML, Wheeless CR. Complex obstetric fistulas. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2007;99 Suppl 1:S51–6.CrossRefPubMed Genadry RR, Creanga AA, Roenneburg ML, Wheeless CR. Complex obstetric fistulas. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2007;99 Suppl 1:S51–6.CrossRefPubMed
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Thomas K, Williams G. Medicolegal aspects of vesicovaginal fistulae. BJU Int. 2000;86(3):354–9.CrossRefPubMed Thomas K, Williams G. Medicolegal aspects of vesicovaginal fistulae. BJU Int. 2000;86(3):354–9.CrossRefPubMed
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Morrison PD, Addison NV. A study of colovesical fistulae in a district hospital. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 1983;65(4):221–3.PubMedPubMedCentral Morrison PD, Addison NV. A study of colovesical fistulae in a district hospital. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 1983;65(4):221–3.PubMedPubMedCentral
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Najjar SF, Jamal MK, Savas JF, Miller TA. The spectrum of colovesical fistula and diagnostic paradigm. Am J Surg. 2004;188(5):617–21.CrossRefPubMed Najjar SF, Jamal MK, Savas JF, Miller TA. The spectrum of colovesical fistula and diagnostic paradigm. Am J Surg. 2004;188(5):617–21.CrossRefPubMed
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Daniels IR, Bekdash B, Scott HJ, Marks CG, Donaldson DR. Diagnostic lessons learnt from a series of enterovesical fistulae. Colorectal Dis. 2002;4(6):459–62.CrossRefPubMed Daniels IR, Bekdash B, Scott HJ, Marks CG, Donaldson DR. Diagnostic lessons learnt from a series of enterovesical fistulae. Colorectal Dis. 2002;4(6):459–62.CrossRefPubMed
11.•
Zurück zum Zitat Pushkar DY, Dyakov VV, Kasyan GR. Management of radiation-induced vesicovaginal fistula. Eur Urol. 2009;55(1):131–7. Addresses radiation induced fistulas specifically.CrossRefPubMed Pushkar DY, Dyakov VV, Kasyan GR. Management of radiation-induced vesicovaginal fistula. Eur Urol. 2009;55(1):131–7. Addresses radiation induced fistulas specifically.CrossRefPubMed
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Ballek NK, Gonzalez CM. Reconstruction of radiation-induced injuries of the lower urinary tract. Urol Clin North Am. 2013;40(3):407–19.CrossRefPubMed Ballek NK, Gonzalez CM. Reconstruction of radiation-induced injuries of the lower urinary tract. Urol Clin North Am. 2013;40(3):407–19.CrossRefPubMed
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Liberman D, Mehus B, Elliott SP. Urinary adverse effects of pelvic radiotherapy. Transl Androl Urol. 2014;3(2):186–95.PubMedPubMedCentral Liberman D, Mehus B, Elliott SP. Urinary adverse effects of pelvic radiotherapy. Transl Androl Urol. 2014;3(2):186–95.PubMedPubMedCentral
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Turina M, Mulhall AM, Mahid SS, Yashar C, Galandiuk S. Frequency and surgical management of chronic complications related to pelvic radiation. Arch Surg. 2008;143(1):46–52. discussion.CrossRefPubMed Turina M, Mulhall AM, Mahid SS, Yashar C, Galandiuk S. Frequency and surgical management of chronic complications related to pelvic radiation. Arch Surg. 2008;143(1):46–52. discussion.CrossRefPubMed
15.•
Zurück zum Zitat Golabek T, Szymanska A, Szopinski T, Bukowczan J, Furmanek M, Powroznik J, et al. Enterovesical fistulae: aetiology, imaging, and management. Gastroenterol Res Pract. 2013;2013:617967. Complete review article on enterovesical fistulas.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Golabek T, Szymanska A, Szopinski T, Bukowczan J, Furmanek M, Powroznik J, et al. Enterovesical fistulae: aetiology, imaging, and management. Gastroenterol Res Pract. 2013;2013:617967. Complete review article on enterovesical fistulas.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Kwon EO, Armenakas NA, Scharf SC, Panagopoulos G, Fracchia JA. The poppy seed test for colovesical fistula: big bang, little bucks! J Urol. 2008;179(4):1425–7.CrossRefPubMed Kwon EO, Armenakas NA, Scharf SC, Panagopoulos G, Fracchia JA. The poppy seed test for colovesical fistula: big bang, little bucks! J Urol. 2008;179(4):1425–7.CrossRefPubMed
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Solkar MH, Forshaw MJ, Sankararajah D, Stewart M, Parker MC. Colovesical fistula—is a surgical approach always justified? Colorectal Dis. 2005;7(5):467–71.CrossRefPubMed Solkar MH, Forshaw MJ, Sankararajah D, Stewart M, Parker MC. Colovesical fistula—is a surgical approach always justified? Colorectal Dis. 2005;7(5):467–71.CrossRefPubMed
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Melchior S, Cudovic D, Jones J, Thomas C, Gillitzer R, Thuroff J. Diagnosis and surgical management of colovesical fistulas due to sigmoid diverticulitis. J Urol. 2009;182(3):978–82.CrossRefPubMed Melchior S, Cudovic D, Jones J, Thomas C, Gillitzer R, Thuroff J. Diagnosis and surgical management of colovesical fistulas due to sigmoid diverticulitis. J Urol. 2009;182(3):978–82.CrossRefPubMed
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Angioli R, Penalver M, Muzii L, Mendez L, Mirhashemi R, Bellati F, et al. Guidelines of how to manage vesicovaginal fistula. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2003;48(3):295–304.CrossRefPubMed Angioli R, Penalver M, Muzii L, Mendez L, Mirhashemi R, Bellati F, et al. Guidelines of how to manage vesicovaginal fistula. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2003;48(3):295–304.CrossRefPubMed
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Narayanan P, Nobbenhuis M, Reynolds KM, Sahdev A, Reznek RH, Rockall AG. Fistulas in malignant gynecologic disease: etiology, imaging, and management. Radiographics. 2009;29(4):1073–83.CrossRefPubMed Narayanan P, Nobbenhuis M, Reynolds KM, Sahdev A, Reznek RH, Rockall AG. Fistulas in malignant gynecologic disease: etiology, imaging, and management. Radiographics. 2009;29(4):1073–83.CrossRefPubMed
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Waaldijk K. Surgical classification of obstetric fistulas. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 1995;49(2):161–3.CrossRefPubMed Waaldijk K. Surgical classification of obstetric fistulas. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 1995;49(2):161–3.CrossRefPubMed
22.•
Zurück zum Zitat Goh JT. A new classification for female genital tract fistula. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 2004;44(6):502–4. Urodynamic data post-fistula repair.CrossRefPubMed Goh JT. A new classification for female genital tract fistula. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 2004;44(6):502–4. Urodynamic data post-fistula repair.CrossRefPubMed
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Blaivas JG, Heritz DM, Romanzi LJ. Early versus late repair of vesicovaginal fistulas: vaginal and abdominal approaches. J Urol. 1995;153(4):1110–2. discussion 2-3.CrossRefPubMed Blaivas JG, Heritz DM, Romanzi LJ. Early versus late repair of vesicovaginal fistulas: vaginal and abdominal approaches. J Urol. 1995;153(4):1110–2. discussion 2-3.CrossRefPubMed
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Eilber KS, Kavaler E, Rodriguez LV, Rosenblum N, Raz S. Ten-year experience with transvaginal vesicovaginal fistula repair using tissue interposition. J Urol. 2003;169(3):1033–6.CrossRefPubMed Eilber KS, Kavaler E, Rodriguez LV, Rosenblum N, Raz S. Ten-year experience with transvaginal vesicovaginal fistula repair using tissue interposition. J Urol. 2003;169(3):1033–6.CrossRefPubMed
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Hilton P. Urogenital fistula in the UK: a personal case series managed over 25 years. BJU Int. 2012;110(1):102–10.CrossRefPubMed Hilton P. Urogenital fistula in the UK: a personal case series managed over 25 years. BJU Int. 2012;110(1):102–10.CrossRefPubMed
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Waaldijk K. The immediate management of fresh obstetric fistulas. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2004;191(3):795–9.CrossRefPubMed Waaldijk K. The immediate management of fresh obstetric fistulas. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2004;191(3):795–9.CrossRefPubMed
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Frajzyngier V, Ruminjo J, Barone MA. Factors influencing urinary fistula repair outcomes in developing countries: a systematic review. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2012;207(4):248–58.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Frajzyngier V, Ruminjo J, Barone MA. Factors influencing urinary fistula repair outcomes in developing countries: a systematic review. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2012;207(4):248–58.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Zambon JP, Batezini NS, Pinto ER, Skaff M, Girotti ME, Almeida FG. Do we need new surgical techniques to repair vesico-vaginal fistulas? Int Urogynecol J. 2010;21(3):337–42.CrossRefPubMed Zambon JP, Batezini NS, Pinto ER, Skaff M, Girotti ME, Almeida FG. Do we need new surgical techniques to repair vesico-vaginal fistulas? Int Urogynecol J. 2010;21(3):337–42.CrossRefPubMed
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Gupta NP, Mishra S, Hemal AK, Mishra A, Seth A, Dogra PN. Comparative analysis of outcome between open and robotic surgical repair of recurrent supra-trigonal vesico-vaginal fistula. J Endourol. 2010;24(11):1779–82.CrossRefPubMed Gupta NP, Mishra S, Hemal AK, Mishra A, Seth A, Dogra PN. Comparative analysis of outcome between open and robotic surgical repair of recurrent supra-trigonal vesico-vaginal fistula. J Endourol. 2010;24(11):1779–82.CrossRefPubMed
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Hemal AK, Kolla SB, Wadhwa P. Robotic reconstruction for recurrent supratrigonal vesicovaginal fistulas. J Urol. 2008;180(3):981–5.CrossRefPubMed Hemal AK, Kolla SB, Wadhwa P. Robotic reconstruction for recurrent supratrigonal vesicovaginal fistulas. J Urol. 2008;180(3):981–5.CrossRefPubMed
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Garcea G, Majid I, Sutton CD, Pattenden CJ, Thomas WM. Diagnosis and management of colovesical fistulae; six-year experience of 90 consecutive cases. Colorectal Dis. 2006;8(4):347–52.CrossRefPubMed Garcea G, Majid I, Sutton CD, Pattenden CJ, Thomas WM. Diagnosis and management of colovesical fistulae; six-year experience of 90 consecutive cases. Colorectal Dis. 2006;8(4):347–52.CrossRefPubMed
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Rangnekar NP, Imdad Ali N, Kaul SA, Pathak HR. Role of the Martius procedure in the management of urinary-vaginal fistulas. J Am Coll Surg. 2000;191(3):259–63.CrossRefPubMed Rangnekar NP, Imdad Ali N, Kaul SA, Pathak HR. Role of the Martius procedure in the management of urinary-vaginal fistulas. J Am Coll Surg. 2000;191(3):259–63.CrossRefPubMed
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Browning A. Lack of value of the Martius fibrofatty graft in obstetric fistula repair. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2006;93(1):33–7.CrossRefPubMed Browning A. Lack of value of the Martius fibrofatty graft in obstetric fistula repair. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2006;93(1):33–7.CrossRefPubMed
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Petrou SP, Jones J, Parra RO. Martius flap harvest site: patient self-perception. J Urol. 2002;167(5):2098–9.CrossRefPubMed Petrou SP, Jones J, Parra RO. Martius flap harvest site: patient self-perception. J Urol. 2002;167(5):2098–9.CrossRefPubMed
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Ferguson GG, Lee EW, Hunt SR, Ridley CH, Brandes SB. Management of the bladder during surgical treatment of enterovesical fistulas from benign bowel disease. J Am Coll Surg. 2008;207(4):569–72.CrossRefPubMed Ferguson GG, Lee EW, Hunt SR, Ridley CH, Brandes SB. Management of the bladder during surgical treatment of enterovesical fistulas from benign bowel disease. J Am Coll Surg. 2008;207(4):569–72.CrossRefPubMed
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Ingber M, Rackley R. Vesicovaginal and Urethrovaginal Fistula Repair In: Goldman HB, editor. Complications of Female Incontinence and Pelvic Reconstructive Surgery Springer Science+Business Media 2013. p. 157-64 Ingber M, Rackley R. Vesicovaginal and Urethrovaginal Fistula Repair In: Goldman HB, editor. Complications of Female Incontinence and Pelvic Reconstructive Surgery Springer Science+Business Media 2013. p. 157-64
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Arrowsmith SD. Urinary diversion in the vesico-vaginal fistula patient: general considerations regarding feasibility, safety, and follow-up. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2007;99 Suppl 1:S65–8.CrossRefPubMed Arrowsmith SD. Urinary diversion in the vesico-vaginal fistula patient: general considerations regarding feasibility, safety, and follow-up. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2007;99 Suppl 1:S65–8.CrossRefPubMed
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Thaler K, Baig MK, Berho M, Weiss EG, Nogueras JJ, Arnaud JP, et al. Determinants of recurrence after sigmoid resection for uncomplicated diverticulitis. Dis Colon Rectum. 2003;46(3):385–8.CrossRefPubMed Thaler K, Baig MK, Berho M, Weiss EG, Nogueras JJ, Arnaud JP, et al. Determinants of recurrence after sigmoid resection for uncomplicated diverticulitis. Dis Colon Rectum. 2003;46(3):385–8.CrossRefPubMed
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Browning A, Menber B. Women with obstetric fistula in Ethiopia: a 6-month follow up after surgical treatment. BJOG. 2008;115(12):1564–9.CrossRefPubMed Browning A, Menber B. Women with obstetric fistula in Ethiopia: a 6-month follow up after surgical treatment. BJOG. 2008;115(12):1564–9.CrossRefPubMed
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Carey MP, Goh JT, Fynes MM, Murray CJ. Stress urinary incontinence after delayed primary closure of genitourinary fistula: a technique for surgical management. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2002;186(5):948–53.CrossRefPubMed Carey MP, Goh JT, Fynes MM, Murray CJ. Stress urinary incontinence after delayed primary closure of genitourinary fistula: a technique for surgical management. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2002;186(5):948–53.CrossRefPubMed
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Nardos R, Browning A, Member B. Duration of bladder catheterization after surgery for obstetric fistula. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2008;103(1):30–2.CrossRefPubMed Nardos R, Browning A, Member B. Duration of bladder catheterization after surgery for obstetric fistula. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2008;103(1):30–2.CrossRefPubMed
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Murray C, Goh JT, Fynes M, Carey MP. Urinary and faecal incontinence following delayed primary repair of obstetric genital fistula. BJOG. 2002;109(7):828–32.CrossRefPubMed Murray C, Goh JT, Fynes M, Carey MP. Urinary and faecal incontinence following delayed primary repair of obstetric genital fistula. BJOG. 2002;109(7):828–32.CrossRefPubMed
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Browning A. Prevention of residual urinary incontinence following successful repair of obstetric vesico-vaginal fistula using a fibro-muscular sling. BJOG. 2004;111(4):357–61.CrossRefPubMed Browning A. Prevention of residual urinary incontinence following successful repair of obstetric vesico-vaginal fistula using a fibro-muscular sling. BJOG. 2004;111(4):357–61.CrossRefPubMed
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Krause HG, Lussy JP, Goh JT. Use of periurethral injections of polyacrylamide hydrogel for treating post-vesicovaginal fistula closure urinary stress incontinence. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2014;40(2):521–5.CrossRefPubMed Krause HG, Lussy JP, Goh JT. Use of periurethral injections of polyacrylamide hydrogel for treating post-vesicovaginal fistula closure urinary stress incontinence. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2014;40(2):521–5.CrossRefPubMed
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Hilton P, Ward A, Molloy M, Umana O. Periurethral injection of autologous fat for the treatment of post-fistula repair stress incontinence: a preliminary report. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 1998;9(2):118–21.CrossRefPubMed Hilton P, Ward A, Molloy M, Umana O. Periurethral injection of autologous fat for the treatment of post-fistula repair stress incontinence: a preliminary report. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 1998;9(2):118–21.CrossRefPubMed
46.••
Zurück zum Zitat Dolan LM, Dixon WE, Hilton P. Urinary symptoms and quality of life in women following urogenital fistula repair: a long-term follow-up study. BJOG. 2008;115(12):1570–4. Addresses long term quality of life parameters after vesicovaginal fistula repair.CrossRefPubMed Dolan LM, Dixon WE, Hilton P. Urinary symptoms and quality of life in women following urogenital fistula repair: a long-term follow-up study. BJOG. 2008;115(12):1570–4. Addresses long term quality of life parameters after vesicovaginal fistula repair.CrossRefPubMed
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Agarwal MM, Raamya SM, Mavuduru R, Mandal AK, Singh SK. Voiding dysfunction after repair of giant trigonal vesicovaginal or urethrovesicovaginal fistulae: a need for long-term follow-up. Indian J Urol. 2012;28(4):405–8.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Agarwal MM, Raamya SM, Mavuduru R, Mandal AK, Singh SK. Voiding dysfunction after repair of giant trigonal vesicovaginal or urethrovesicovaginal fistulae: a need for long-term follow-up. Indian J Urol. 2012;28(4):405–8.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Lee D, Dillon BE, Lemack GE, Zimmern PE. Long-term functional outcomes following nonradiated vesicovaginal repair. J Urol. 2014;191(1):120–4.CrossRefPubMed Lee D, Dillon BE, Lemack GE, Zimmern PE. Long-term functional outcomes following nonradiated vesicovaginal repair. J Urol. 2014;191(1):120–4.CrossRefPubMed
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Muleta M, Rasmussen S, Kiserud T. Obstetric fistula in 14,928 Ethiopian women. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2010;89(7):945–51.CrossRefPubMed Muleta M, Rasmussen S, Kiserud T. Obstetric fistula in 14,928 Ethiopian women. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2010;89(7):945–51.CrossRefPubMed
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Elkins TE. Surgery for the obstetric vesicovaginal fistula: a review of 100 operations in 82 patients. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1994;170(4):1108–18. discussion 18–20.CrossRefPubMed Elkins TE. Surgery for the obstetric vesicovaginal fistula: a review of 100 operations in 82 patients. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1994;170(4):1108–18. discussion 18–20.CrossRefPubMed
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Occhino JA, Trabuco EC, Heisler CA, Klingele CJ, Gebhart JB. Changes in vaginal anatomy and sexual function after vaginal surgery. Int Urogynecol J. 2011;22(7):799–804.CrossRefPubMed Occhino JA, Trabuco EC, Heisler CA, Klingele CJ, Gebhart JB. Changes in vaginal anatomy and sexual function after vaginal surgery. Int Urogynecol J. 2011;22(7):799–804.CrossRefPubMed
52.
Zurück zum Zitat Browning A, Fentahun W, Goh JT. The impact of surgical treatment on the mental health of women with obstetric fistula. BJOG. 2007;114(11):1439–41.CrossRefPubMed Browning A, Fentahun W, Goh JT. The impact of surgical treatment on the mental health of women with obstetric fistula. BJOG. 2007;114(11):1439–41.CrossRefPubMed
Metadaten
Titel
Complications and Long-Term Sequelae of Bladder Fistula Repair
verfasst von
Lindsay M. Yuh
Jennifer G. Rothschild
Publikationsdatum
17.10.2016
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Current Bladder Dysfunction Reports / Ausgabe 4/2016
Print ISSN: 1931-7212
Elektronische ISSN: 1931-7220
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11884-016-0398-8

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 4/2016

Current Bladder Dysfunction Reports 4/2016 Zur Ausgabe

Reconstructed Bladder Function & Dysfunction (M Kaufman, Section Editor)

Urodynamic Evaluation Following Bladder Reconstruction

Reconstructed Bladder Function & Dysfunction (M Kaufman, Section Editor)

Surgical and Metabolic Management of Urolithiasis Following Bladder Reconstruction

Reconstructed Bladder Function & Dysfunction (M Kaufman, Section Editor)

Post Prostatectomy Bladder Dysfunction: Where Are We Now?

Update Urologie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.