Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Pediatric Radiology 5/2021

01.05.2021 | Minisymposium: Pediatric MRI quality and safety

Components of a magnetic resonance imaging system and their relationship to safety and image quality

verfasst von: Suraj D. Serai, Mai-Lan Ho, Maddy Artunduaga, Sherwin S. Chan, Govind B. Chavhan

Erschienen in: Pediatric Radiology | Ausgabe 5/2021

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a powerful diagnostic tool that can be optimized to display a wide range of clinical conditions. An MRI system consists of four major components: a main magnet formed by superconducting coils, gradient coils, radiofrequency (RF) coils, and computer systems. Each component has safety considerations. Unless carefully controlled, the MRI machine’s strong static magnetic field could turn a ferromagnetic object into a harmful projectile or cause vertigo and headache. Switching magnetic fields in the gradients evokes loud noises in the scanner, which can be mitigated by ear protection. Gradients also generate varying magnetic fields that can cause peripheral nerve stimulation and muscle twitching. Magnetic fields produced by RF coils deposit energy in the body and can cause tissue heating (with the potential to cause skin burns). In this review, we provide an overview of the components of a typical clinical MRI scanner and its associated safety issues. We also discuss how the relationship between the scanning parameters can be manipulated to improve image quality while ensuring a safe operational environment for the patients and staff. Understanding the strengths and limitations of these parameters can enable users to choose optimal techniques for image acquisition, apply them in clinical practice, and improve the diagnostic accuracy of an MRI examination.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Grover VP, Tognarelli JM, Crossey MM et al (2015) Magnetic resonance imaging: principles and techniques: lessons for clinicians. J Clin Exp Hepatol 5:246–255CrossRef Grover VP, Tognarelli JM, Crossey MM et al (2015) Magnetic resonance imaging: principles and techniques: lessons for clinicians. J Clin Exp Hepatol 5:246–255CrossRef
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Serai SD, Hu HH, Ahmad R et al (2020) Newly developed methods for reducing motion artifacts in pediatric abdominal MRI: tips and pearls. AJR Am J Roentgenol 214:1042–1053CrossRef Serai SD, Hu HH, Ahmad R et al (2020) Newly developed methods for reducing motion artifacts in pediatric abdominal MRI: tips and pearls. AJR Am J Roentgenol 214:1042–1053CrossRef
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Serai SD, Jones BV, Podberesky DJ, Coley B (2013) Is it time for a dedicated pediatric MRI ACR accreditation program? J Am Coll Radiol 10:274–278CrossRef Serai SD, Jones BV, Podberesky DJ, Coley B (2013) Is it time for a dedicated pediatric MRI ACR accreditation program? J Am Coll Radiol 10:274–278CrossRef
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Serai SD, Rigsby CK, Kan HJ et al (2018) Inclusion of pediatric-specific indications and procedures in the new ACR MRI accreditation program. J Am Coll Radiol 15:1022–1026CrossRef Serai SD, Rigsby CK, Kan HJ et al (2018) Inclusion of pediatric-specific indications and procedures in the new ACR MRI accreditation program. J Am Coll Radiol 15:1022–1026CrossRef
6.
Zurück zum Zitat U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration (2014) Criteria for significant risk investigations of magnetic resonance diagnostic devices — guidance for industry and Food and Drug Administration staff. Online document. https://www.fda.gov/media/71385/download. Accessed 28 Sep 2020 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration (2014) Criteria for significant risk investigations of magnetic resonance diagnostic devices — guidance for industry and Food and Drug Administration staff. Online document. https://​www.​fda.​gov/​media/​71385/​download. Accessed 28 Sep 2020
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Hartwig V, Giovannetti G, Vanello N et al (2009) Biological effects and safety in magnetic resonance imaging: a review. Int J Environ Res Public Health 6:1778–1798CrossRef Hartwig V, Giovannetti G, Vanello N et al (2009) Biological effects and safety in magnetic resonance imaging: a review. Int J Environ Res Public Health 6:1778–1798CrossRef
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Franco G, Perduri R, Murolo A (2008) Health effects of occupational exposure to static magnetic fields used in magnetic resonance imaging: a review. Med Lav 99:16–28PubMed Franco G, Perduri R, Murolo A (2008) Health effects of occupational exposure to static magnetic fields used in magnetic resonance imaging: a review. Med Lav 99:16–28PubMed
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Mansfield P, Glover PM, Beaumont J (1998) Sound generation in gradient coil structures for MRI. Magn Reson Med 39:539–550CrossRef Mansfield P, Glover PM, Beaumont J (1998) Sound generation in gradient coil structures for MRI. Magn Reson Med 39:539–550CrossRef
10.
Zurück zum Zitat McJury M, Blug A, Joerger C et al (1994) Short communication: acoustic noise levels during magnetic resonance imaging scanning at 1.5 T. Br J Radiol 67:413–415CrossRef McJury M, Blug A, Joerger C et al (1994) Short communication: acoustic noise levels during magnetic resonance imaging scanning at 1.5 T. Br J Radiol 67:413–415CrossRef
11.
Zurück zum Zitat McJury MJ (1995) Acoustic noise levels generated during high field MR imaging. Clin Radiol 50:331–334CrossRef McJury MJ (1995) Acoustic noise levels generated during high field MR imaging. Clin Radiol 50:331–334CrossRef
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Quirk ME, Letendre AJ, Ciottone RA, Lingley JF (1989) Anxiety in patients undergoing MR imaging. Radiology 170:463–466CrossRef Quirk ME, Letendre AJ, Ciottone RA, Lingley JF (1989) Anxiety in patients undergoing MR imaging. Radiology 170:463–466CrossRef
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Alibek S, Vogel M, Sun W et al (2014) Acoustic noise reduction in MRI using silent scan: an initial experience. Diagn Interv Radiol 20:360–363CrossRef Alibek S, Vogel M, Sun W et al (2014) Acoustic noise reduction in MRI using silent scan: an initial experience. Diagn Interv Radiol 20:360–363CrossRef
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Fuelkell P, Langner S, Friedrich N et al (2018) Software-based noise reduction in cranial magnetic resonance imaging: influence on image quality. PLoS One 13:e0206196CrossRef Fuelkell P, Langner S, Friedrich N et al (2018) Software-based noise reduction in cranial magnetic resonance imaging: influence on image quality. PLoS One 13:e0206196CrossRef
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Corcuera-Solano I, Doshi A, Pawha PS et al (2015) Quiet PROPELLER MRI techniques match the quality of conventional PROPELLER brain imaging techniques. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 36:1124–1127CrossRef Corcuera-Solano I, Doshi A, Pawha PS et al (2015) Quiet PROPELLER MRI techniques match the quality of conventional PROPELLER brain imaging techniques. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 36:1124–1127CrossRef
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Zaccagnino E, Devincent C, Leelakanok N et al (2019) Assessment of quiet T2 weighted PROPELLER sequence in pediatric abdominal imaging. Clin Imaging 53:12–16CrossRef Zaccagnino E, Devincent C, Leelakanok N et al (2019) Assessment of quiet T2 weighted PROPELLER sequence in pediatric abdominal imaging. Clin Imaging 53:12–16CrossRef
17.
Zurück zum Zitat McRobbie DW, Moore EA, Graves MJ, Prince MR (2007) MRI from picture to proton, 2nd edn. Cambridge University Press, New York McRobbie DW, Moore EA, Graves MJ, Prince MR (2007) MRI from picture to proton, 2nd edn. Cambridge University Press, New York
Metadaten
Titel
Components of a magnetic resonance imaging system and their relationship to safety and image quality
verfasst von
Suraj D. Serai
Mai-Lan Ho
Maddy Artunduaga
Sherwin S. Chan
Govind B. Chavhan
Publikationsdatum
01.05.2021
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Pediatric Radiology / Ausgabe 5/2021
Print ISSN: 0301-0449
Elektronische ISSN: 1432-1998
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-020-04894-9

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 5/2021

Pediatric Radiology 5/2021 Zur Ausgabe

Hermes

Hermes

Update Radiologie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.