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Erschienen in: Die Radiologie 11/2020

15.10.2020 | Computertomografie | Leitthema

Aktuelle Bildgebung bei Diagnostik und Therapieplanung des Larynxkarzinoms

verfasst von: A. Bozzato, L. Pillong, B. Schick, M.M. Lell

Erschienen in: Die Radiologie | Ausgabe 11/2020

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Zusammenfassung

Klinisches/methodisches Problem

Das Larynxkarzinom ist das dritthäufigste Malignom im Kopf-Hals-Bereich. Endoskopische Laryngoskopie mit Beurteilung der Stimmlippenfunktion, Mikrolaryngoskopie mit Biopsie und Computertomographie/Magnetresonanztomographie bilden die Grundpfeiler der klinischen Diagnostik. Im Rahmen der Therapieplanung kommt der Berücksichtigung individueller funktioneller und sozioökonomischer Aspekte eine wesentliche Bedeutung zu.

Radiologische Standardverfahren

Aufgrund der kurzen Akquisitionszeit und der Möglichkeit funktionelle Manöver durchzuführen stellt die CT das Mittel der Wahl dar. Die MRT erlaubt eine bessere Weichteildifferenzierung, ist jedoch anfälliger für Bewegungsartefakte und wird durch krankheitsspezifische Symptome erschwert. Die Wahl des Untersuchungsverfahrens ist daher von der Belastbarkeit des Patienten abhängig.

Leistungsfähigkeit

Je nach Studie schwanken die Angaben zur Sensitivität der CT bezüglich der Frage einer Knorpelinfiltration zwischen 62 und 87 % bei einer Spezifität zwischen 75 und 98 %. Für die MRT wird eine Sensitivität zwischen 64 und 95 % und eine Spezifität zwischen 56 und 88 % angegeben.

Bewertung

Die Synthese der Befunde aus Spiegeluntersuchung, Mikrolaryngoskopie, Histologie und Schnittbilddiagnostik stellt die Voraussetzung für die Einleitung einer stadiengerechten Therapie dar. Hierbei ist die Kenntnis der anatomischen Landmarken essenziell. Doch auch die Beurteilung posttherapeutischer Veränderungen stellt den Radiologen vor eine Herausforderung.

Empfehlung für die Praxis

Der regelmäßige interdisziplinäre Dialog zwischen Radiologen, HNO-Ärzten und Strahlentherapeuten im Rahmen der Primärdiagnostik, Therapieplanung und Nachsorge ist unerlässlich.
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Metadaten
Titel
Aktuelle Bildgebung bei Diagnostik und Therapieplanung des Larynxkarzinoms
verfasst von
A. Bozzato
L. Pillong
B. Schick
M.M. Lell
Publikationsdatum
15.10.2020
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
Die Radiologie / Ausgabe 11/2020
Print ISSN: 2731-7048
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7056
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00117-020-00757-4

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