Introduction
Methods
Newcastle 85+ Study
Protein intake
Physical activity
Disability
Mortality
Anthropometry
Other variables
Statistical analysis
Results
Disability-free (n = 269) | Disability (n = 448) | All (n = 717) | p valuea | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Women % (n) | 48.3 (130) | 66.5 (298) | 59.7 (428) | < 0.001 |
Weight (kg) | 63.3 (55.9–73.6) | 63.2 (54.8–71.6) | 63.2 (55.2–72.2) | 0.321 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 23.4 (21.3–26.7) | 24.4 (21.7–27.4) | 24.2 (21.5–27.2) | 0.043 |
Full-time education % (n) | 0.161 | |||
≤ 9 years | 61.2 (164) | 65.4 (291) | 63.8 (458) | |
10–11 years | 23.1 (62) | 23.8 (106) | 23.7 (170) | |
≥ 12 years | 15.7 (42) | 10.8 (48) | 12.5 (90) | |
Physical activity % (n) | < 0.001 | |||
Low | 2.6 (7) | 26.1 (117) | 17.3 (124) | |
Medium | 26.9 (72) | 56.3 (252) | 45.3 (324) | |
High | 70.5 (189) | 17.6 (79) | 37.4 (268) | |
Total energy (MJ/day) | 7.0 (5.9–8.8) | 6.7 (5.5–8.1) | 6.8 (5.6–8.3) | 0.016 |
Protein (g/day) | 64.5 (50.9–81.4) | 58.9 (48.3–73.3) | 61.3 (49.3–75.7) | < 0.001 |
Protein (% en) | 15.7 (13.4–18.3) | 15.0 (13.1–17.3) | 15.4 (13.2–17.8) | 0.019 |
Protein (g/kg BW/day) | 1.03 (0.79–1.30) | 0.98 (0.76–1.20) | 0.99 (0.78–1.24) | 0.033 |
Protein (g/kg aBW/d) | 1.00 (0.79–1.25) | 0.95 (0.76–1.18) | 0.97 (0.78–1.20) | 0.035 |
< 0.8 g/kg aBW/d % (n) | 26.4 (71) | 28.3 (127) | 27.6 (198) | 0.556 |
< 1.0 g/kg aBW/d % (n) | 51.3 (138) | 56.9 (255) | 54.8 (393) | 0.119 |
Chronic disease count | 2 (1–3) | 2 (2–3) | 2 (1–3) | < 0.001 |
Cognitive impairment % (n) | 14.5 (39) | 27.7 (124) | 22.9 (165) | < 0.001 |
Disability transitions
Unit increase, g/kg aBW/day | ≥ 0.8 g/kg aBW/day | ≥ 1 g/kg aBW/day | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | |
Incident disability (n = 197) | ||||||
Model 1 | 0.58 | 0.39–0.87 | 0.62 | 0.46–0.84 | 0.60 | 0.46–0.78 |
Model 2 | 0.66 | 0.43–1.00 | 0.66 | 0.48–0.90 | 0.63 | 0.48–0.82 |
Model 3 | 0.45 | 0.25–0.81 | 0.53 | 0.36–0.80 | 0.56 | 0.40–0.78 |
Model 4 | 0.44 | 0.24–0.83 | 0.50 | 0.31–0.80 | 0.49 | 0.33–0.73 |
Recovery from disability (n = 46) | ||||||
Model 1 | 1.16 | 0.92–1.45 | 0.71 | 0.35–1.45 | 0.85 | 0.46–1.59 |
Model 2 | 0.88 | 0.34–2.26 | 0.72 | 0.35–1.47 | 0.84 | 0.45–1.59 |
Model 3 | 1.16 | 0.35–3.81 | 0.69 | 0.29–1.63 | 1.02 | 0.49–2.10 |
Model 4 | 0.96 | 0.29–3.19 | 0.62 | 0.25–1.55 | 0.84 | 0.38–1.84 |
Disability to death (n = 457) | ||||||
Model 1 | 1.01 | 0.77–1.34 | 0.86 | 0.71–1.04 | 1.00 | 0.84–1.19 |
Model 2 | 0.96 | 0.72–1.27 | 0.86 | 0.71–1.03 | 0.99 | 0.83–1.18 |
Model 3 | 1.28 | 0.90–1.83 | 0.95 | 0.77–1.18 | 1.07 | 0.88–1.30 |
Model 4 | 1.26 | 0.88–1.81 | 0.91 | 0.73–1.14 | 1.03 | 0.85–1.26 |
Protein intake and disability-free, disability, and death transitions
< 0.8 g/kg aBW/d (n = 197) | ≥ 0.8 g/kg aBW/d (n = 520) | < 1.0 g/kg aBW/d (n = 388) | ≥ 1.0 g/kg aBW/d (n = 329) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Disability-free | ||||
All (n = 269) | 0.74 (0.53–1.10) | 1.35 (1.10–1.68) | 0.86 (0.66–1.11) | 1.58 (1.25–1.99) |
Low PA (n = 7) | 0.27 (0.15–0.53) | 0.53 (0.31–0.90) | 0.31 (0.19–0.53) | 0.62 (0.36–1.08) |
Med PA (n = 72) | 0.63 (0.43–0.92) | 1.17 (0.91–1.51) | 0.73 (0.54–0.99) | 1.37 (1.03–1.82) |
High PA (n = 189) | 1.38 (1.02–1.90) | 2.25 (1.90–2.62) | 1.58 (1.28–2.00) | 2.55 (2.13–2.98) |
Disability | ||||
All (n = 448) | 3.69 (3.37–3.91) | 3.22 (2.93–3.45) | 3.63 (3.39–3.82) | 3.01 (2.66–3.03) |
Low PA (n = 117) | 3.78 (3.49–3.99) | 3.66 (3.35–3.89) | 3.81 (3.55–3.99) | 3.57 (3.20–3.83) |
Med PA (n = 252) | 3.74 (3.46–3.94) | 3.35 (3.06–3.57) | 3.70 (3.47–3.89) | 3.16 (2.78–3.44) |
High PA (n = 79) | 3.26 (2.79–3.58) | 2.50 (2.18–2.82) | 3.10 (2.74–3.38) | 2.24 (1.85–2.62) |