Background
Methods
Study population
Instruments
Disease-specific health status
Generic health status
Statistics
Results
Baseline characteristics
Total sample (n = 105) | Study completed (n = 86) | Dropout (n = 19) | p-valuec | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Male, n (%) | 65 (61.9) | 54 (62.8) | 11 (57.9) | 0.69 |
Age, years | 66.3 (9.2) | 65.7 (9.3) | 68.8 (8.2) | 0.18 |
BMI, kg/m2 d | 26.3 (6.7) | 26.5 (6.9) | 25.5 (5.4) | 0.99 |
Current smokers, n (%) | 26 (24.8) | 23 (26.7) | 3 (15.8) | 0.69 |
FEV1,% predictedd | 34.1 (13.5)a | 34.4 (13.6)b | 32.7 (13.1) | 0.60 |
Charlson index, points | 2.5 (1.7) | 2.4 (1.7) | 2.7 (1.7) | 0.50 |
Long-term oxygen therapy, n (%) | 62 (59.0) | 53 (61.6) | 9 (47.4) | 0.26 |
Borg scale (dyspnea), points | 4.8 (2.0) | 4.8 (2.0) | 4.9 (2.1) | 0.79 |
Borg scale (fatigue), points | 4.6 (2.5) | 4.4 (2.4) | 5.3 (2.8) | 0.15 |
HADS-A score, points | 5.9 (4.5) | 5.5 (4.2) | 7.5 (5.6) | 0.16 |
HADS-D score, points | 6.3 (4.0) | 6.0 (4.0) | 7.7 (3.4) | 0.10 |
Self-perceived mobility problems, n (%) | 89 (84.8) | 72 (83.8) | 17 (89.5) | 0.33 |
Dependent in personal care, n (%) | 47 (44.8) | 33 (38.4) | 14 (73.6) | 0.009 |
Health status
Questionnaire | Domain | Total sample (n = 105) | Study completed (n = 86) | Dropout (n = 19) | p-valuec |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
EQ-5D | Mobilityd | 1.87 (0.39) | 1.85 (0.39) | 1.95 (0.40) | 0.33 |
Self-Care | 1.70 (0.66) |
1.60 (0.62)
|
2.16 (0.69)
|
0.001
| |
Usual activities | 2.08 (0.65) |
1.99 (0.60)
|
2.47 (0.70)
|
0.01
| |
Pain/discomfort | 1.55 (0.66) | 1.56 (0.64) | 1.53 (0.77) | 0.85 | |
Anxiety/depression | 1.50 (0.67) | 1.47 (0.66) | 1.68 (0.67) | 0.20 | |
Index score | 0.51 (0.33) |
0.55 (0.30)
|
0.33 (0.37)
|
0.008
| |
VAS | 62.6 (14.0) |
64.1 (13.2)
|
55.8 (15.9)
|
0.02
| |
AQoL | Illnessd | 0.17 (0.17) |
0.18 (0.16)
|
0.12 (0.19)
|
0.04
|
Independent living | 0.58 (0.30) |
0.63 (0.27)
|
0.36 (0.31)
|
<0.0005
| |
Social relationshipsd | 0.83 (0.20) | 0.85 (0.20) | 0.77 (0.20) | 0.06 | |
Physical sensesd | 0.92 (0.11) | 0.93 (0.09) | 0.86 (0.18) | 0.17 | |
Psychological wellbeing | 0.87 (0.13) | 0.97 (0.13) | 0.85 (0.15) | 0.50 | |
Total | 0.46 (0.28) |
0.50 (0.27)
|
0.29 (0.30)
|
0.005
| |
SF-36 | Physical Functioningd | 21.0 (21.1) | 22.3 (20.8) | 15.5 (22.4) | 0.07 |
Role-physicald | 37.1 (42.8) | 38.4 (43.2) | 31.6 (41.5) | 0.61 | |
Bodily paind | 70.9 (29.5) | 72.8 (28.3) | 62.3 (34.0) | 0.23 | |
General health | 29.7 (19.1) | 30.1 (19.2) | 28.2 (19.3) | 0.70 | |
Vitality | 51.1 (18.9) | 51.3 (19.1) | 50.3 (18.7) | 0.83 | |
Social functioning | 65.0 (26.1) | 67.0 (25.7) | 55.9 (27.1) | 0.10 | |
Role-emotionald | 62.9 (44.9) | 63.6 (44.7) | 59.7 (46.6) | 0.80 | |
Mental health | 68.6 (19.9) | 69.7 (19.3) | 63.8 (22.2) | 0.25 | |
PCSd | 22.4 (9.6) | 22.9 (9.2) | 19.8 (11.3) | 0.08 | |
MCS | 47.3 (14.1) | 47.7 (14.4) | 45.1 (15.4) | 0.48 | |
SGRQ | Symptoms | 58.6 (22.5)a | 59.3 (22.9)b | 55.4 (25.5) | 0.52 |
Activityd | 74.8 (21.9)a | 73.6 (21.3)b | 80.1 (24.3) | 0.06 | |
Impact | 45.2 (18.5)a |
43.6 (17.7)
b
|
52.7 (20.4)
|
0.04
| |
Totald | 56.5 (21.8)a | 55.3 (16.0)b | 61.5 (19.7) | 0.09 |
Questionnaire | Domain | Baseline | 4 months | 8 months | 12 months |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
EQ-5D | Mobilityc | 1.85 (0.39) | 1.83 (0.44) | 1.90 (0.41) |
1.97 (0.32)
b
|
Self-Care | 1.60 (0.62) | 1.67 (0.68) |
1.78 (0.66)
b
|
1.76 (0.68)
b
| |
Usual activities | 1.99 (0.60) |
2.15 (0.58)
b
|
2.14 (0.58)
b
| 2.13 (0.70) | |
Pain/discomfort | 1.56 (0.64) |
1.40 (0.60)
b
| 1.55 (0.66) | 1.47 (0.61) | |
Anxiety/depression | 1.47 (0.66) |
1.35 (0.63)
b
| 1.41 (0.62) |
1.33 (0.61)
b
| |
Index score | 0.55 (0.30) | 0.57 (0.31) | 0.52 (0.32) | 0.51 (0.31) | |
VAS | 64.1 (13.2) | 61.7 (15.1) | 61.9 (14.5) |
60.6 (13.4)
b
| |
AQoL | Illness | 0.18 (0.16) |
0.23 (0.16)
b
|
0.24 (0.16)
b
|
0.24 (0.17)
b
|
Independent living | 0.63 (0.27) | 0.59 (0.28) |
0.54 (0.28)
b
|
0.53 (0.29)
b
| |
Social relationshipsc | 0.85 (0.20) | 0.82 (0.21) |
0.81 (0.21)
| 0.84 (0.18) | |
Physical senses | 0.93 (0.09) | 0.94 (0.08) | 0.93 (0.09) | 0.94 (0.08) | |
Psychological wellbeing | 0.97 (0.13) |
0.90 (0.12)
b
| 0.90 (0.14) |
0.91 (0.11)
b
| |
Total | 0.50 (0.27) | 0.48 (0.26) |
0.44 (0.26)
b
|
0.45 (0.24)
b
| |
SF-36 | Physical Functioning | 22.3 (20.8) | 19.9 (20.0) | 21.6 (20.2) | 20.3 (21.4) |
Role-physicalc | 38.4 (43.2) | 37.8 (45.0) | 48.8 (46.8) | 41.9 (46.9) | |
Bodily pain | 72.8 (28.3) | 75.2 (29.0) | 72.0 (30.4) | 76.5 (28.9) | |
General health | 30.1 (19.2) | 27.6 (18.2) | 28.5 (16.7) | 28.2 (19.9) | |
Vitality | 51.3 (19.1) | 53.9 (17.9) | 53.4 (17.0) | 52.7 (18.3) | |
Social functioning | 67.0 (25.7) | 67.6 (26.7) | 62.7 (28.6) | 63.2 (28.7) | |
Role-emotionalc | 63.6 (44.8) | 67.8 (42.9) | 67.1 (45.0) | 70.2 (43.7) | |
Mental health | 69.7 (19.3) | 70.6 (19.7) | 69.4 (18.6) | 69.4 (17.6) | |
PCS | 22.9 (9.2) | 21.8 (9.6) | 23.4 (10.5) | 22.6 (10.4) | |
MCS | 47.7 (14.4) | 49.5 (14.6) | 47. 6 (14.4) | 48.5 (13.2) | |
SGRQa | Symptoms | 59.3 (22.9) | 56.4 (20.9) | 57.2 (19.4) | 58.2 (18.2) |
Activity | 73.6 (21.3) | 77.1 (18.2) | 74.1 (22.1) | 76.8 (19.7) | |
Impact | 43.6 (17.7) | 43.6 (16.0) | 42.3 (17.0) | 43.3 (17.5) | |
Total | 55.3 (16.0) | 55.9 (14.5) | 54.3 (16.2) | 56.3 (15.2) |
Correlations
Baseline | 4 months | 8 months | 12 months | |
---|---|---|---|---|
EQ-5D index score | −0.536 | −0.439 | −0.487 | −0.421 |
AQoL total score | −0.617 | −0.547 | −0.587 | −0.496 |
SF-36, PCS score | −0.679 | −0.469 | −0.464 | −0.559 |
SF-36, MCS score | −0.489 | −0.296 | −0.314 | −0.285 |
Agreement
SGRQ total score | Improvement | Deterioration | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
No change | ||||
change in EQ-5D | No change | 12 (4.8%) | 23 (9.1%) | 24 (9.5%) |
index score | Improvement | 10 (4.0%) | 52 (20.6%) | 31 (12.3%) |
(К = 0.18)
| Deterioration | 12 (4.8%) | 32 (12.7%) | 56 (22.2%) |
change in AQoL | No change | 5 (2.0%) | 6 (2.4%) | 14 (5.6%) |
total score | Improvement | 14 (5.6%) | 54 (21.4%) | 38 (15.1%) |
(К = 0.11)
| Deterioration | 15 (6.0%) | 47 (18.7%) | 59 (23.4%) |
change in | No change | 7 (2.8%) | 19 (7.5%) | 12 (4.8%) |
SF-36 PCS score | Improvement | 10 (4.0%) | 48 (19.0%) | 38 (15.1%) |
(К = 0.12)
| Deterioration | 17 (6.7%) | 40 (15.9%) | 61 (24.2%) |
change in | No change | 7 (2.8%) | 9 (3.6%) | 10 (4.0%) |
SF-36 MCS score | Improvement | 17 (6.7%) | 49 (19.4%) | 43 (17.1%) |
(К = 0.08) | Deterioration | 10 (4.0%) | 49 (19.4%) | 58 (23.0%) |