nach oben

EcoHealth

Erschienen in:

03.08.2019 | Original Contribution

Costs and Benefits of Delaying Remediation on Ecological Resources at Contaminated Sites

verfasst von: Joanna Burger

Erschienen in: EcoHealth | Ausgabe 3/2019

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

The USA and other nations have massive industrial, radiologic, and chemical legacy wastes on numerous sites, for example from the Cold War and industrial activities. Most of these sites will require remediation (cleanup of contaminants). Prioritization is essential to determine the order of cleanup, leaving some tasks for a later time. This paper examines the potential costs and benefits of delaying remediation on ecological resources on contaminated sites. Aspects to consider include those related to management and planning, source term and pathways, risks and resources, and external drivers (regulations and laws, stakeholders). The US Department of Energy was used as a case study to examine the effects of delaying remediation. The conceptual model and tables provided here can serve as guidance or checklists for site managers.

Anderson JR, Hardy EE, Roach JT, Witmer RE (1976) A Land Use and Land Cover Classification System for Use with Remote Sensor Data. Washington DC: US Government Printing Office

Antunes P, Santos R, Jordão L (2001) The application of geographical information systems to determine environmental impact significance. Environmental Impact Assessment Review 21:511–535

Arana JD (2000) Technical Basis for Tumbleweed Survey Requirements and Disposal Criteria. BHI-01-383, Rev. 1. Richland WA: Bechtel Hanford, Inc

Armitage D, Berkes F, Doubleday N (2010) Adaptive Co-management: Collaboration, Learning, and Multi-level Governance. Vancouver, Canada: UBC Press

Army Corps of Engineers (ACE) (2004) Adaptive management: theories, frameworks and practices. In: Adaptive Management for Water Resources Project Planning. Washington DC: Army Corps of Engineers, pp 19–32

Atkinson SF, Canter LW (2011) Assessing the cumulative effects of projects using geographic information systems. Environmental Impact Assessment Review 31:457–464

Azerrad JM, Divens KA, Livingston MF, Teske MS, Ferguson HL, David JL (2011) Site-specific Management: How to Avoid and Minimize Impacts of Development to Shrub-steppe. Olympia, WA: Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. http;://wdfw.wa.gov/publications/external/01335/wdfw01335.pdf

Becker JM, Chamness MA (2012). Annual ecological survey: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory site, PNNL-21164. Richland WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Available at http://www.pnnl.gov/main/publications/external/technicalf_reports/PNNL-21164.pdf (Accessed 11 Feb 2018)

Bardos P (2014) Progress in sustainable remediation. Remediation winter 2014:23–32

Bilyard GR, Bascietto JJ, Beckert H (1993) Regulatory and institutional considerations in the application of ecological risk assessment at federal facilities. Federal Facilities Environmental Journal 4:337–348

Bohnee G, Matthews JP, Pinkham J, Smith A, Stanfill J (2011) Nez Perce involvement with solving environmental problems: history, perspectives, treaty rights, and obligations. In: Stakeholders and Scientists: Achieving implementable solutions to energy and environmental issues, Burger J (editor) New York: Springer, pp 149–184

Boiko PE, Morrill RL, Flynn J, Faustman EM, van Belle G, Omen GS (1996) Who holds the stakes? A case study of stakeholder identification at two nuclear weapons sites. Risk Analysis 16:237–249

Boyarsky L, Schneidermann A (2002) Natural and hybrid disasters: causes, effects and management. Topics in Emergency Medicine 24:1–24

Brown KS (1998) The great DOE land rush. Science 282:616–617

Bullard RD (1994) Overcoming racism in environmental decision-making. Environment 30:39–44

Burger J (1999) Environmental monitoring on department of energy lands: the need for a holistic plan. Strategic Environmental Management 1:351–367

Burger J (2007) A framework for analysis of contamination on human and ecological receptors at DOE hazardous waste site buffer lands. Remediation 10:71–96

Burger J (2008) Environmental management: integrating ecological evaluations, remediation, restoration, natural resource damage assessment, and long-term stewardship on contaminated lands. Science of the Total Environment 400:6–19PubMed

Burger J (Ed) (2011) Stakeholders and Scientists: Achieving Implementable Solutions to Energy and Environmental Issues. New York: Springer.

Burger J, Gochfeld M (2005) The Peconic River: concerns associated with different risk evaluations for fish consumption. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management 48:789–808

Burger J, Gochfeld M (2011) Conceptual environmental justice model: evaluation of chemical pathways of exposure in low-income, minority, Native American, and other unique exposure populations. American Journal of Public Health 101 Suppl. 1:S64–S73PubMedPubMedCentral

Burger J, Gochfeld M (2016a) Initiating events, functional remediation, and assessment of risk to ecological resources. Ecological Indicators 71:32–40

Burger J, Gochfeld M (2016b) Health risks to ecological workers on contaminated sites—the Department of Energy as a case study. Journal of Community Medical Health Education 6:427–435

Burger J, Clarke J, Gochfeld M (2004) Information needs for siting new and evaluating current, nuclear facilities: ecology, fate and transport, and human health. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 172:121–134

Burger J, Tsipoura N, Gochfeld M, Greenberg MR (2006) Ecological considerations for evaluating current risk and designing long-term stewardship on Department of Energy lands. Research in Social Problems and Public Policy 13:139–162

Burger J, Gochfeld M, Pletnikoff K, Snigaroff R, Snigaroff D, Stamm T (2008) Ecocultural attributes: evaluating, ecological degradation in terms of ecological goods and services versus subsistence and tribal values. Risk Analysis 28:1261–1271PubMedPubMedCentral

Burger J, Gochfeld M, Powers CW, Clarke J, Kosson D (2013) Types of integration of environmental assessment and monitoring plans. International Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering Research 4:31–51

Burger J, Gochfeld M, Bunn A, Downs J, Jeitner C, Pittfield T, Salisbury J (2016) Functional remediation: a method of evaluating the effects of remediation on risks to ecological receptors. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health 79:957–968PubMed

Burger J, Gochfeld M, Clarke J, Jeitner C, Pittfield T (2015) Environmental assessment for sustainability and resiliency for ecological and human health. Journal of Environmental Studies 1:1–8

Burger J, Gochfeld M, Bunn A, Kosson D, Clarke J, Jeitner C, Pittfield T (2017) Risk to ecological resources from delaying decommissioning and waste management: case studies from the Hanford Site. Waste Management Symposium March 5–9, Phoenix, Az

Burger J, Kosson D, Powers C, Gochfeld M (2018) An information template for evaluating the relative priority of remediation projects that pose a risk to receptors. Proceedings Waste Management Conference, 12 pp

Burger J, Gochfeld M, Kosson DS, Brown KG, Bliss LS, Bunn A, Clarke JH, Mayer HJ, Salisbury JA (2019) The costs of delaying remediation on human, ecological, and eco-cultural resources: considerations for the department of energy: a methodological framework. Science of the Total Environment 649:1054–1064PubMed

Butler VL, O’Connor JE (2004) 9000 years of salmon fishing on the Columbia River, North America. Quartenary Research 62:1–8

Cappuyns V (2016) Inclusion of social indicators in decision support tools for the selection of sustainable site remediation options. Journal of Environmental Management 184:45–65PubMed

Cary A (2016) $107.7 billion needed to finish Hanford cleanup. Tri-City Herald Feb 22, 2016

Chan KMA, Satterield T, Goldstein J (2012) Rethinking ecosystem services to better address and navigate cultural values. Ecological Economics 74:8–13

Clarke JH, MacDonell MM, Smith ED, Dunne RJ, Waugh WJ. (2004) Engineered contaminant and control systems: nurturing nature. Risk Analysis 24:771–779PubMed

Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission (CRITC) (2013) We are Salmon People. http://critfc.org/salmon-culture/columbia-river-salmon/columbia-river-salmon-species

Consortium for Risk Evaluation with Stakeholder Participation (CRESP) (2015a) Final Methodology for the Hanford Site-wide Fisk Review Project. Nashville TN: Vanderbilt University, CRESP. http://www.cresp.org/hanford/#methodology (Accessed August 28 2018)

Consortium for Risk Evaluation with Stakeholder Participation (CRESP) (2015b) Hanford Site-wide risk review Project—Interim Progress Report, Nashville TN: Vanderbilt University, CRESP. http://www.cresp.org/hanford/#methodology (Accessed Dec 28, 2017)

Consortium for Risk Evaluation with Stakeholder Participation (CRESP) (2018) Hanford Risk Review Final Report, Nashville TN: Vanderbilt University, CRESP http://www.cresp.org/hanford

Costanza R, de Groot R, Sutton PC, van der Ploeg S, Anderson S, Kubiszewski I, Farber Sl, Turner RK (2014) Changes in the global value of ecosystem services. Global Environmental Change 26:152–158

Costanza R, de Groot R, Braat L, Kubiszewski I, Fioramonti L, Sutton P, Farber S, Grasso M (2017) Twenty years of ecosystem services: how far have we come and how far do we still need to go? Ecological Services 28:1–16

Crowley KD, Ahearne JF (2002) Managing the environmental legacy of U.S. nuclear-weapons production. American Scientist 90:514–523

Cundy AB, Bardos RP, Church A, Puschenreiter M, Friesl-Hanl W, Muller I, Neu S, Mench M, Witters N, Vangronsveld J (2013) Developing principles of sustainability and stakeholder engagement for “gentle” remediation approaches: the European context. Journal of Environmental Management 129:283–291PubMed

Cvitanovic C, McDonald J, Hobday AJ (2016) From science to action: principles for undertaking environmental research that enables knowledge exchange and evidence-based decision-making. Journal of Environmental Management 183:864–874PubMed

Dale VH, Parr PD (1998) Preserving DOE’s research parks. Issues in Science and Technology 14:73–77

Davidson MD (2013) On the relation between ecosystem services, intrinsic value, existence value and economic valuation. Ecology and Economics 95:171–177

Davydchuk V (1997) Ecosystem remediation in radioactively polluted areas: the Chernobyl experience. Ecological Engineering 8:325–336

Department of Defense (DOD) (2001) Coming in from the Cold: Military Heritage in the Cold War. http://128.174.5.51/denix/public/ES–Programs/Conservation/ColdWar/coldwar.html (Accessed Feb 18, 2016)

Department of Energy (DOE) (1993) Natural Resource Damages under CERCLA. Washington DC: Department of Energy

Department of Energy (DOE) (1994a) Stewards of National Resources. (DOE/FM-0002), Office of Energy Research, Washington DC: Department of Energy

Department of Energy (DOE) (1994b) National Environmental Research Parks. Office of Energy Research. Washington DC: Department of Energy

Department of Energy (DOE) (1995) Status of CERCLA Activities at Department of Energy Sites. Washington DC: Department of Energy

Department of Energy (DOE) (1996) Baseline Environmental Management Report. https://energy.gov/em/downloads/baseline-environmental-management-report-bemr-1996 (Dec 29 2017)

Department of Energy (DOE) (2001) Long-term Stewardship Report to Congress (prepared to fill a requirement in the FY 2000 National Defense Authorization Act) (NDAA). Washington, DC: Department of Energy

Department of Energy (DOE) (2002a) Long-term Surveillance and Maintenance Program, 2001 Report, Washington DC: Department of Energy

Department of Energy (DOE) (2002b) A Review of the Environmental Management Program (by Top to Bottom Review Team), Washington DC: Department of Energy

Department of Energy (DOE/RL-96-32 Rev 1) (2013a) Hanford Site Biological Resources Management Plan. Richland WA: USDOE http://www.hanford.gov/files.cfm/doe-rl-96-32-01/pdf. Dec 29, 2018

Department of Energy (DOE) (2013b) Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study for the 300-FF-1, 300-FF-2, and 300-FF-5 Operable Units. DOE/RL-2010-99, Rev 0, Richland WA: DOE Operations Office http://pdw.janford.gov/arpir/index.cfm/viewDoc?accession=0088359 (Jan 19, 2018)

Department of Energy (DOE) (2014) Noxious Weed Control Program. Office of Scientific and Technical Information. Chap. 8 http://www.osti.gov/scitech/biblio/970008 (Jan 8, 2018)

Department of Energy (DOE) (2015) Environmental Management: 2015 Year in Review https://energy.gov/em/articles/doe-office-environmental-management-2015-year-review (Dec 29, 2017)

Department of Energy (DOE) (2016) Hanford Lifecycle Scope, Schedule and Cost Report DOE/RL-2015-10. http://www.hanford.gov/files.cfm/2016_LCR_Report_Appendices_Final_Draft.pdf (Jan 8, 2018)

Department of Energy (DOE) (2017) 2017 Year in Review: Outline of EM’s Cleanup Achievements. https://energy.gov/em/downloads/department-energy-office-environmental-management-2017-year-review

Downs JL, Rickard WH, Brandt CA (1993) Habitat Types on the Hanford Site: Wildlife and Plant Species of Concern. PNL-8942, UC-702. Richland WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory

Easterling DR, Kunkel KE, Wehner MF, Sun L (2016) Detection and attribution of climate extremes in the observed record. Weather and Climate Extremes 11:17–27

Endangered Species Act (ESA) (1973) Public Law 93-205, as amended, 16USC 1513 et seq

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (2009) Environmental Justice: Compliance and Environment. http://www.epa.gov/environmentaljustice

Fahrig L (2003) Effects of habitat fragmentation on biodiversity. Annual Review of Ecology and Evolutionary Systematics 34:487–515

Foody GM (2002) Status of land cover classification accuracy assessment. Remote Sensing and the Environment 80:185–201

Forman RT (1995) Land Mosaics: The Ecology of Landscapes and Regions. Cambridge UK: University Press, pp 656

Gaillard JM, Gaillard P, Duncan D, Delorne G, vanLaene N, Pettorelli J (2003) Effects of hurricane Lothar on the population dynamics of European Roe Deer. Journal of Wildlife Management 34:315–331

Gano KA, Lucas JG, Lindsey CT (2009) Identification and Protection of a Bat Colony in the 183-F Clearwell: Mitigation of Bat Habitat on the Hanford Site. WCH-312, Rev. 0. Richland WA: Washington Closure Hanford, https://www.osti.gov/scitech/servlets/purl/945221

Gentile JH, Harwell MA, Cropper W Jr. Harwell CC, DeAngelis D, Davis S, Ogden JC, Lirman D (2001) Ecological conceptual models: a framework and case study on ecosystem management for South Florida sustainability. Science of the Total Environment 274:231–253PubMed

Gephart RE (2010) A short history of waste management at the Hanford Site. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, 35:298–306

Gonzalez Del Campo A (2012) GIS in environmental assessment: a review of current issues and future needs. Journal of Environmental of Assessment and Policy Management 14:1–23

Gray RH (2004) Industrialization aids wildlife: the irony of two DOE sites: the Hanford Reservation and Pantex Plant. Proceedings 4th International Urban Wildlife Syposium: 93–103. https://cals.arizona.edu/pubs/adjunct/snr0704/snr07042d.pdf

Greaves T (1996) Tribal rights. pp. 25–40 In: Valuing Local Knowledge, Brush SB, Stabinsky D (editors). Washington DC: Island Press, pp 25–40

Greenberg M, Lowrie K (2001) A proposed model for community participation and risk communication for a DOE-led stewardship program. Federal Facilities Environmental Journal 2001:125–141

Greenberg M, Lowrie K, Kreukeberg D, Mayer H, Simon D (1997) Bombs and butterflies: a case study of the challenge of post-Cold War environmental planning and management for the Unites States nuclear weapons sites. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management 40:739–750

Greenberg M, Miller KT, Lowrie K, Carletta MA, Burger J (2003) An ecologically oriented database to guide remediation and reuse of contaminated sites. Remediation 14:69–83

Harclerode MA, Macbeth TW, Miller ME, Gurr CJ, Myers TS (2016) Early decision framework for integrating sustainable risk management for complex remediation sites: drivers, barriers, and performance metrics. Journal of Environmental Management 184:57–66PubMed

Harris SG, Harper BL (1997) A native American exposure scenario. Risk Analysis 17:789–795PubMed

Harris SG, Harper BL (2000) Using eco-cultural dependency webs in risk assessment and characterizations of risks to tribal health and cultures. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2:91–100

Higley KA (2017) Education vs. training: does it matter?. Health Physics 112(2):165–171PubMed

Holling C (1973) Resilience and stability of ecological systems. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 4:1–23

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (2014) Climate change 2014: impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability. Geneva: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. www.ipcc/ch/report/ar5/wg2

Jordon-Thaden IE, Louda SM (2003) Chemistry of Cirsium and Carduus: a role in ecological risk assessment for biological control of weeds. Biochemistry and Systematic Ecology 31:1353–1396

Kamrin MA (1997) Environmental risk harmonization: federal/state approaches to risk assessment and management. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 25:158–165PubMed

Kimberling DN, Karr JR, Fore LS (2001) Measuring human disturbance using terrestrial invertebrates in the shrub-steppe of eastern Washington (USA). Ecological Indicators 1:63–81

Knick ST, Dobkin DS, Rotenberr JT, Schroeder MA, Vander Haegen W, van Riper III C (2003) Teetering on the edge or too late? Conservation and research issues for avifauna of sagebrush habitat. Condor 105:611–632

Kontogianni A, Tourkolias C, Machleras A, Skourtos M (2012) Service providing units, existence values and the valuation of endangered species: a methodological test. Ecological Economics 79:97–104

Lamb EG, Bayne E, Holloway G, Schieck J, Boutin S, Herbers J, Haughland DL (2009) Indices for monitoring biodiversity change: are some more effective than others? Ecological Indicators 9:432–444

Landeen D, Pinkham A (1999) Salmon and His People. Lewiston: Confluence Press

Lebel L, Anderies JM, Campbell B, Folke C, Hartfield-Dodds S, Hughes TP, Wilson J (2006) Governance and the capacity to manage resilience in regional social-ecological systems. Ecological Society 11:1–21

Lemming G, Friis-HansenP, Bjerg PL (2010) Risk-based economic decision analysis of remediation options at a PCE-contaminated site. Journal of Environmental Management 91:1169–1182PubMed

Lubbert R, Chu J (2007) Challenges to cleaning up formerly used defense sites in the twenty-first century. Federal Facilities Environmental Journal 11:5–18. (DOI: 10.1002/ffej.3330110303)CrossRef

Lucas JG (2011) Use of Underground Facilities by Bats at the Hanford Site in Shrub-steppe Habitats in Washington. MS thesis, Pullman WA: Washington State University

Mann LK, Parr PD, Pounds LR, Graham RL (1996) Protection of biota on non-park public lands: examples from the US Department of Energy Oak Ridge Reservation. Environmental Management 20:207–218

Mascarenhas A, Coelho P, Subitl E, Ramos T (2010) The role of common local indicators in local and regional sustainability assessment. Ecological Indicators 10:646–656

Mayer HJ, Greenberg MR (2005) Using integrated geospatial mapping and conceptual site models to guide risk-based environmental clean-up decisions. Risk Analysis 25:429–446PubMed

McShane TO, Hirsch PD, Trung TC, Songorwa AN, Dinzig A, Monteferri R, Mutekanga D, Thank HV, Dammert JL, Pulga-Vidat M (2011) Hard choices; making trade-offs between biodiversity conservation and human well-being. Biological Conservation 144:966–972

Mooney HA, Hobbs RJ (2000) Invasive Species in a Changing World. Washington WA: Island Press, 384 pp

National Park Service (NPS) (2017) Hanford, WA Site - Manhattan Project National Historical Site. https://www.nps.gov/mapr/hanford.htm (Dec 29 2017)

National Research Council (NRC) (1983) Risk Assessment in the Federal Government: Managing the Process. Washington D.C.: National Academy Press

National Research Council (NRC) (1993) Issues in Risk Assessment. Washington D.C.: National Academy Press

National Research Council (NRC) (1995) Improving the Environment: An Evaluation of DOE’s Environmental Management Program. Washington D.C.: National Academy Press

National Research Council (NRC)(2000) Long-Term Institutional Management of the US Department of Energy Legacy Waste Sites. Washington D.C.: National Academy Press

National Research Council (NRC) (2004) Progress in Improving Project Management at the Department of Energy: 2003 Assessment. Washington D.C.: National Academy Press

National Research Council (NRC) (2008) Public participation in environmental assessment and decision making. Washington DC: National Academy Press

National Research Council (NRC) (2013) Alternatives for Managing the Nation’s Complex Contaminated Groundwater Sites. National Academy of Science, Committee on future options for management in the Nation’s subsurface remediation effort. Washington DC: National Academies Press

National Research Countil (NRC) (2019) Independent Assessment of Science and Technology for the Department of Energy’s Defense Environmental Cleanup. National Research Council, Washington DC: National Academies Press

Nez Perce Tribe (2003) Treaties: Nez Perce Perspectives, Washington DC: US DOE and Confluence Press

Nimmo DG, Kelly LT, Spence-Bailey LM, Watson SJ, Taylor RS, Clarke MF, Bennett AF (2012) Fire mosaics and reptile conservation in a fire-prone region. Conservation Biology 27:345–353PubMed

Nuclear Plant Journal (NPJ) (2011) Information on status of nuclear power plants in Fukushima. Nuclear Plant Journal March 29, 2011 (enews)

Omernik JM (2004) Perspectives on the nature and definition of ecological regions. Environmental Management 34:527–538

Parrott L (2010) Measuring ecological complexity. Ecological Indicators (DOI: 10.1069-1076)

Peterson M, Looney B, Southworth C, Eddy-Dilek C, Watson D, Ketelle R (2012) Mercury issues and complexities in Oak Ridge, Tennessee: Redefining the conceptual model. In: Proceedings Waste Management Conference. Waste Management Conference, February 26–1 March 2012, Phoenix, Arizona

Pizzol L, Critto A, Agostini P, Marcomini A (2011). Regional risk assessment for contaminated sites Part 2: ranking of potentially contaminated sites. Environment International 37:137–1320

Rodrick E, Milner R (1991) Management Recommendations for Washington’s Priority Habitats and Species, Olympia WA: Washington Department of Wildlife http://wdfw.wa.gov/publications/00029/ (Accessed Jan 12, 2018)

Sabbaghian RJ, Zarghami M, Nejadhashemi AP, Sharifi MB, Herman MR, Daneshvar F (2016) Application of risk-based multiple criteria decision analysis for selection of the best agricultural scenario for effective watershed management. Journal of Environmental Management 168:26–272

Sheehy DJ, Vik SF (2003) Natural resource damage claims: potential DOD liabilities and mitigation opportunities. Federal Facilities Environmental Journal 14:17–28

Sizo A, Noble BF, Bell S (2016) Strategic environmental assessment framework for landscape-based temporal analysis of wetland change in urban environments. Environmental Management 57:696–710PubMed

Slovic P (1993) Perceived risk, trust, and democracy. Risk Analysis 13:675–683

Smallwood KS, Morrison ML, Beyea J (1998) Animal burrowing attributes affecting hazardous waste management. Environmental Management 22:831–847PubMed

Sornette D (2002) Predictability of catastrophic events: material rupture, earthquakes, turbulence, financial crashes, and human birth. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, US A. 99. Suppl. 1:2522–2529

Sorvari J, Seppala J (2010) A decision support tool to prioritize risk management options for contaminated sites. Science of the Total Environment 408:1786–1799PubMed

Trayham B, Clarke JH, Burger J, Waugh J (2008) Monitoring the long-term performance of engineered contaminant systems: mitigating ecological risk. In: Proceedings of Waste Management Conference, Washington DC

Turnhout E, Hisschemoller N, Eijsackers H (2007) Ecological indicators: between two fires of science and policy. Ecological Indicators 7:215–228

United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) (2014) Rare, Threatened, or Endangered Species: Hanford Reach. http://www.fws.gov/refuge/Hanford_Reach/Wildlife_Habitat/Rare_Species.html (Accessed Feb 16, 2018)

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) (2017) Hanford Reach National Monument—Washington. https://www.fws.gov/refuge/hanford_reach/ (Dec 29, 2017)

Virapongse A, Brooks A, Metcalf EC, Zedalis M, Gosz J, Kliskey A, Alessa L (2016) A social-ecological systems approach for environmental management. Journal of Environmental Management 178:83–91PubMed

Washington Noxious Weed Control Board (2014) Noxious Weed List. http://www.nwcb.wa.gov

Whicker FW, Hinton TG, MacDonell MM, Pinder JE III, Habegger LJ (2004) Avoiding destructive remediation at DOE sites. Science 303:1615–1517PubMed

Williams B, Brown S, Greenberg M (1999) Determinants of trust perceptions among residents surrounding the Savannah River nuclear weapons site. Environmental Behavior 31:354–371

Titel: Costs and Benefits of Delaying Remediation on Ecological Resources at Contaminated Sites
verfasst von: Joanna Burger
Publikationsdatum: 03.08.2019
Verlag: Springer US
Erschienen in: EcoHealth / Ausgabe 3/2019
Print ISSN: 1612-9202
Elektronische ISSN: 1612-9210
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10393-019-01437-z

Live-Webinar: Aktuelle Leitlinien bei Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen

Springer Medizin

Costs and Benefits of Delaying Remediation on Ecological Resources at Contaminated Sites

Abstract

Live-Webinar: Aktuelle Leitlinien bei Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen

Springer Medizin

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu diesem Inhalt zu erhalten

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 3/2019

A Transdisciplinary Approach to Brucella in Muskoxen of the Western Canadian Arctic 1989–2016

Virulence and Antibiotic Resistance Patterns in E. coli, Morocco

Antimicrobial Residues in Chicken and Fish, Chittagong, Bangladesh

Critical Importance of a One Health Approach to Antimicrobial Resistance

Population Dynamics of Bank Voles Predicts Human Puumala Hantavirus Risk

Giardia Infection and Trypanosoma Cruzi Exposure in Dogs in the Bosawás Biosphere Reserve, Nicaragua