Introduction
Methods
Study population
Data collection
Definition of cardiac damage
Statistical analysis
Results
Variables | Median (IQR), or N (%) |
---|---|
Patients (n = 100) | |
Age, y | |
Median (IQR) | 62.0 (51.0–70.8) |
< 60 | 40 (40.0) |
≥ 60 | 60 (60.0) |
Sex | |
Male | 56 (56.0) |
Female | 44 (44.0) |
Comorbidities | 69 (69.0) |
Hypertension | 40 (40.0) |
Diabetes | 21 (21.0) |
CVD | 15 (15.0) |
COPD | 12 (12.0) |
Malignancy | 13 (13.0) |
Hypothyroidism | 2 (2.0) |
Liver cirrhosis | 3 (3.0) |
Hyperlipidemia | 2 (2.0) |
Anemia | 2 (2.0) |
Initial symptoms | |
Fever | 69 (69.0) |
Cough | 63 (63.0) |
Chest distress | 13 (13.0) |
Fatigue | 12 (12.0) |
Sputum | 7 (7.0) |
Myalgia | 5 (5.0) |
Dyspnea | 6 (6.0) |
Headache | 4 (4.0) |
Sore throat | 4 (4.0) |
Chest pain | 2 (2.0) |
Diarrhea | 3 (3.0) |
Nausea | 3 (3.0) |
SBP, mmHg | 135.0 (122.0–149.0) |
DBP, mmHg | 81.5 (74.8–91.0) |
Heart rate, bpm | 92.5 (79.5–103.3) |
SPO2, %§ | 97.0 (95.0–98.0) |
≤ 93.0 | 10 (10.0) |
Days from illness onset to admission | 14.0 (7.0–28.0) |
Hospitalization time, day | 21.0 (15.0–39.5) |
Variables | Mean ± SD, Median (IQR), or N (%) |
---|---|
White blood count, × 109/L | 5.8 (4.3–8.5) |
Neutrophil count, × 109/L | 3.7 (2.4–7.1) |
Lymphocyte count, × 109/L | 1.1 (0.7–1.6) |
Platelet count, × 109/L | 211.5 (164.0–301.0) |
Hemoglobin, g/L | 119.2 ± 20.2 |
Prothrombin time, s | 13.9 (13.4–14.4) |
Activated partial thromboplastin time, s | 39.1 (35.7–43.5) |
Fibrinogen, g/L | 4.76 ± 1.55 |
D-dimer, mg/L | 1.1 (0.4–3.5) |
Alanine aminotransferase, U/L | 19.0 (12.0–41.0) |
Creatinine, μmol/L | 67.0 (57.5–86.5) |
Procalcitonin, ng/ml | 0.07 (0.03–0.10) |
Interleukin-6, pg/ml | 7.67 (3.01–23.51) |
Ferritin, ng/ml | 559.3 (304.7–1214.6) |
hsCRP, mg/ml | 11.6 (2.6–47.1) |
Cardiac damage | 25 (25.0) |
hsTnI, pg/ml | 3.5 (1.9–11.2) |
Increased (> 34.2) | 9 (9.0) |
NTproBNP, pg/ml | 133.5 (42.3–369.5) |
Increased# | 22 (22.0) |
Influenza A antibody | 5 (5.0) |
Median (IQR) or N (%) | p valuea | ||
---|---|---|---|
Age ≥ 60 y (n = 60) | Age < 60 y (n = 40) | ||
Female | 29 (48.3) | 15 (37.5) | 0.285 |
Comorbidities | 48 (80.0) | 21 (52.5) | 0.004 |
Hypertension | 29 (48.3) | 11 (27.5) | 0.037 |
Diabetes | 17 (28.3) | 4 (10.0) | 0.027 |
CVD | 9 (15.0) | 6 (15.0) | 1.000 |
Hyperlipidemia | 2 (3.3) | 0 | 0.515 |
hsTnI, pg/ml | 5.2 (2.2–12.8) | 1.9 (1.9–6.2) | 0.018 |
Increased (> 34.2) | 7 (12.7) | 3 (8.3) | 0.755 |
NTproBNP, pg/ml | 177.5 (97.5–369.5) | 55.5 (18.0–432.8) | 0.018 |
Increased# | 12 (20.0) | 10 (25.0) | 0.554 |
Median (IQR) or N (%) | p Value a | ||
---|---|---|---|
Men (n = 56) | Women (n = 44) | ||
Age ≥ 60 y | 31 (55.4) | 29 (65.9) | 0.285 |
Comorbidities | 34 (60.7) | 35 (79.5) | 0.043 |
Hypertension | 18 (32.1) | 22 (50.0) | 0.070 |
Diabetes | 9 (16.1) | 12 (27.3) | 0.172 |
CVD | 5 (8.9) | 10 (22.7) | 0.055 |
Hyperlipidemia | 1 (1.8) | 1 (2.3) | 1.000 |
Cardiac damage | 18 (32.1) | 7 (15.9) | 0.063 |
hsTnI, pg/ml | 4.2 (1.9–12.8) | 2.9 (1.9–7.4) | 0.018 |
Increased (> 34.2) | 5 (10.4) | 5 (11.6) | 0.340 |
NTproBNP, pg/ml | 272.5 (57.0–559.8) | 86.0 (31.3–209.3) | 0.013 |
Increased# | 18 (32.1) | 4 (9.1) | 0.006 |
Variables | Mean ± SD, median (IQR), or N (%) | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|
Cardiac damage (n = 25) | Non cardiac damage (n = 75) | ||
Age, y | 71.0 (52.0–79.5) | 62.0 (49.0–67.0) | 0.084 |
Gender | 0.063 | ||
Male | 18 (72.0) | 38 (50.7) | |
Female | 7 (28.0) | 37 (49.3) | |
Comorbidities | 21 (84.0) | 48 (64.0) | 0.061 |
Hypertension | 18 (72.0) | 22 (29.3) | 0.000 |
Diabetes | 9 (36.0) | 12 (16.0) | 0.033 |
CVD | 7 (28.0) | 8 (10.7) | 0.075 |
COPD | 2 (8.0) | 10 (13.3) | 0.722 |
Malignancy | 5 (20.0) | 8 (10.7) | 0.391 |
Hypothyroidism | 1 (4.0) | 1 (1.3) | 0.439 |
Liver cirrhosis | 0 | 3 (4.0) | 0.571 |
Hyperlipidemia | 1 (4.0) | 1 (1.3) | 0.439 |
Anemia | 2 (8.0) | 0 | 0.061 |
SBP, mmHg | 135.0 (125.0–151.0) | 134.0 (121.0–148.5) | 0.368 |
DBP, mmHg | 82.0 (76.0–90.0) | 81.0 (72.5–92.0) | 0.596 |
Heart Rate, bpm | 89.3 ± 16.9 | 92.9 ± 16.3 | 0.351 |
SPO2 ≤ 93.0%§ | 5 (20.0) | 5 (6.7) | 0.124 |
Days from illness onset to admission | 10.0 (4.0–23.5) | 14.0 (8.0–28.0) | 0.152 |
Hospitalization time, day | 30.0 (18.0–50.0) | 19.0 (12.8–36.5) | 0.024 |
White blood count, × 109/L | 7.6 (4.6–10.5) | 5.5 (4.0–7.3) | 0.020 |
Lymphocyte count, × 109/L | 0.9 (1.3–0.7) | 1.2 (0.8–1.7) | 0.286 |
Platelet count, × 109/L | 190.0 (156.0–304.0) | 227.0 (170.0–297.0) | 0.389 |
Hemoglobin, g/L | 115.1 ± 27.3 | 120.5 ± 17.4 | 0.381 |
Prothrombin time, s | 14.3 (13.5–15.4) | 13.9 (13.3–14.2) | 0.029 |
Activated partial thromboplastin time, s | 39.2 (37.2–45.4) | 39.1 (35.7–42.2) | 0.566 |
Fibrinogen, g/L | 4.88 ± 1.70 | 119.2 ± 20.2 | 0.681 |
D-dimer, mg/L | 2.44 (1.03–8.29) | 1.01 (0.40–2.69) | 0.008 |
Alanine aminotransferase, U/L | 25.5 (12.0–44.0) | 19.0 (12.0–38.8) | 0.463 |
Creatinine, μmol/L | 79.0 (64.0–94.8) | 64.0 (55.0–80.5) | 0.022 |
Procalcitonin, ng/ml | 0.08 (0.05–0.23) | 0.06 (0.03–0.09) | 0.013 |
Interleukin-6, pg/ml | 26.23 (6.09–46.06) | 6.08 (2.54–14.15) | 0.002 |
Ferritin, ng/ml | 669.2 (332.9–992.9) | 457.6 (303.3–1292.6) | 0.773 |
hsCRP, mg/ml | 39.4 (10.2–79.6) | 8 (2.4–41.7) | 0.019 |
Influenza A antibody | 1 (4.0) | 4 (5.3) | 1.000 |
Death | 0 | 4 (5.3) | 0.556 |
Variables | β | Adjusted HR | 95% CI | p Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age | − 0.01 | 0.99 | 0.93–1.06 | 0.771 |
Male | 1.63 | 5.09 | 1.19–22.17 | 0.028 |
Hypertension | 2.29 | 9.88 | 2.52–28.70 | 0.001 |
Diabetes | 0.90 | 2.46 | 0.36–17.00 | 0.360 |
Cardiovascular disease | 1.32 | 3.73 | 0.41–33.84 | 0.242 |
Hyperlipidemia | 1.46 | 4.32 | 0.04–530.45 | 0.551 |
White blood count | − 0.04 | 0.96 | 0.79–1.18 | 0.725 |
Prothrombin time | 0.17 | 1.18 | 0.75–1.86 | 0.468 |
d-dimer | 0.16 | 1.18 | 0.97–1.43 | 0.090 |
Creatinine | 0.01 | 1.01 | 0.99–1.04 | 0.309 |
Interleukin-6 | − 0.01 | 0.99 | 0.98–1.00 | 0.994 |
Procalcitonin | 0.91 | 2.49 | 0.14–43.54 | 0.531 |
hsCRP | 0.02 | 1.02 | 1.00–1.04 | 0.125 |
Variables | N (%) |
---|---|
Treatment | |
Antiviral therapy | 92 (92.0) |
Antibiotic therapy | 35 (35.0) |
Traditional Chinese medicine | 62 (62.0) |
Clinical outcomes | |
Discharge | 94 (94.0) |
Death | 4 (4.0) |