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Erschienen in: Dermatology and Therapy 4/2018

Open Access 22.10.2018 | Original Research

Crisaborole Ointment Improves Quality of Life of Patients with Mild to Moderate Atopic Dermatitis and Their Families

verfasst von: Eric L. Simpson, Amy S. Paller, Mark Boguniewicz, Lawrence F. Eichenfield, Steven R. Feldman, Jonathan I. Silverberg, Sarah L. Chamlin, Lee T. Zane

Erschienen in: Dermatology and Therapy | Ausgabe 4/2018

Abstract

Introduction

The impact of crisaborole ointment, a nonsteroidal phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor for the treatment of mild to moderate atopic dermatitis (AD), on quality of life (QoL) was assessed in two identically designed phase 3 studies (AD-301: NCT02118766; AD-302: NCT02118792, both at http://​www.​clinicaltrials.​gov).

Methods

In both studies, patients aged ≥ 2 years with mild to moderate AD per the Investigator’s Static Global Assessment were randomly assigned 2:1 to receive crisaborole or vehicle twice daily for 28 days. QoL was assessed using the Children’s Dermatology Life Quality Index (CDLQI) (2–15 years), the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) (≥ 16 years), and the Dermatitis Family Impact Questionnaire (DFI) (parents/caregivers/family of patients aged 2–17 years). Established QoL score severity bands provided clinical context.

Results

Greater mean improvement in QoL was observed in crisaborole-treated patients than in vehicle-treated patients at day 29 [mean change from baseline (∆BL), CDLQI: − 4.6 vs. − 3.0; P < 0.001; DLQI: − 5.2 vs. − 3.5; P = 0.015]. At baseline, more than half the patients had a “moderate effect” or higher of AD on QoL. At day 29, there was a trend toward more crisaborole- than vehicle-treated patients having “small effect” to “no effect”, The QoL of parents/caregivers/family improved more for crisaborole-treated than for vehicle-treated patients (∆BL, DFI: − 3.7 vs. − 2.7; P = 0.003).

Conclusion

Crisaborole treatment results in clinically meaningful improvement in QoL for patients and their parents/caregivers/families.

Trial Registration

Funding

Anacor Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Pfizer Inc., New York, NY.
Hinweise

Enhanced digital features

To view enhanced digital features for this article go to https://​doi.​org/​10.​6084/​m9.​figshare.​7094279.

Introduction

Atopic dermatitis (AD), a chronic inflammatory skin disorder [13], affects an estimated 15–30% of children and 2–10% of adults worldwide [1, 4]. The clinical symptoms and visible skin lesions of AD are often associated with psychologic and psychosocial comorbidities and negatively impact the quality of life (QoL) of patients and their families [2, 47]. In addition, the hallmark symptom of AD—pruritus—contributes to sleep dysfunction and reduced QoL [2, 8].
Treatment of AD with topical calcineurin inhibitors (TCIs) or topical corticosteroids (TCSs), recommended by the current treatment guidelines [9, 10], reduces disease severity and is associated with improved QoL for patients and their caregivers [1113]. However, the potential impact of TCS treatment on patient QoL is often not realized because of well-documented “steroid phobia” in the majority of caregivers, leading to underdosing, decreased patient and caregiver adherence, and reduced QoL [14].
Crisaborole ointment is a nonsteroidal phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor for the treatment of mild to moderate AD [1520]. Previously published results from two large, vehicle-controlled, identically designed, phase 3 clinical studies in patients ≥ 2 years of age with mild to moderate AD showed that significantly more crisaborole-treated patients achieved global disease severity assessments of “clear” or “almost clear”, improvement in all assessed symptoms of AD, and lessening of pruritus severity by the end of treatment [20]. These improvements in global disease severity, symptoms of AD, and severity of pruritus can improve the QoL of patients and their families [6]. To better understand how these improvements in clinical endpoints in the two phase 3 clinical studies translate to improvements in the QoL of patients and their families, the impact of crisaborole ointment on QoL of patients ≥ 2 years old and the parents/caregivers/families of patients 2–17 years old in these two studies was assessed.

Methods

Study Design and Treatment

Two multicenter, randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled, phase 3 studies (http://​www.​clinicaltrials.​gov; AD-301: NCT02118766; AD-302: NCT02118792) were conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of crisaborole in patients ≥ 2 years old with mild to moderate AD; the efficacy and safety results from these studies have been published [20]. Patients were randomly assigned 2:1 to receive crisaborole ointment, 2% (Pfizer Inc., New York, NY), or vehicle, applied twice daily for 28 days (Fig. 1). Both studies were developed and conducted in accordance with the principles of Good Clinical Practice and relevant country-specific regulatory requirements, and the protocols were approved by an institutional review board at each site. All procedures followed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the responsible committee on human experimentation (institutional and national) and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1964, as revised in 2013. Informed consent was obtained from all patients for being included in the study.

Patients

At baseline/day 1, patients had to be ≥ 2 years old with a clinical diagnosis of AD per the Hanifin and Rajka criteria [21], have ≥ 5% treatable body surface area (BSA) involvement, and have an Investigator’s Static Global Assessment (ISGA) score of mild (2) or moderate (3), assessed on a 5-point scale from clear (0) to severe (4). Key exclusion criteria were unstable AD, the consistent need for TCSs, history of anaphylaxis or angioedema, history of biologic therapy, history of recent use of systemic or topical therapies, involvement in another drug or device research study in the preceding 30 days, or known sensitivity to any crisaborole component. The enrolled patient population reflected the overall population with AD, with at least 20% of patients between the ages of 2 and 6 years and no more than 15% adults.

QoL Assessments

Validated QoL scales for inflammatory skin diseases were used for assessments at baseline/day 1 and day 29 and were based on patient age at baseline/day 1 (Fig. 2). Patients 2–15 years of age were assessed using the Children’s Dermatology Life Quality Index (CDLQI) [22], and patients aged ≥ 16 years were assessed using the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) [23]. Because the CDLQI is only validated for use in patients as young as 4 years old [22], change in CDLQI score was also assessed in the group of patients aged 4–15 years. The validated Dermatitis Family Impact (DFI) scale was used to assess the effect of AD on the QoL of parents/caregivers/families of patients 2–17 years of age [24]. The CDLQI was originally validated for children aged 4 years and older; therefore, children younger than 4 years were aided by parental report. Each scale was descriptively summarized by treatment group, and change from baseline/day 1 results were reported.

Minimal Clinically Important Difference

The minimal clinically important difference (MCID) is considered the smallest amount of change in the assessment instrument score that patients perceive as beneficial and that would result in a change in patient treatment in the absence of troublesome side effects and excessive cost [25]. The MCID for the CDLQI used in this analysis was a ≥ 2.5-point change from baseline [26]. For the DLQI, a longitudinal study in patients with inflammatory skin diseases demonstrated an MCID of ≥ 3.3-point change from baseline [27]. Additional studies are necessary to validate the observed MCID for the CDLQI and DLQI in patients with AD. The MCID for the DFI questionnaire has not been established [24].

CDLQI and DLQI Severity Bands

Severity bands provide clinical interpretation of individual CDLQI and DLQI scores [28]. The effect on the child’s life associated with CDLQI scores was defined as 0–1 = “no effect,” 2–6 = “small effect,” 7–12 = “moderate effect,” 13–18 = “very large effect,” and 19–30 = “extremely large effect” [28]. Severity bands for patients ≥ 16 years of age for DLQI scores were defined as 0–1 = “no effect,” 2–5 = “small effect,” 6–10 = “moderate effect,” 11–20 = “very large effect,” and 21–30 = “extremely large effect” [29].

Statistics

Analysis of QoL measurements was performed using descriptive statistics. Differences between treatment groups in absolute change from baseline were analyzed by Wilcoxon rank sum test, a nonparametric test. Differences between treatment groups regarding the percentage of patients who experienced MCID for the CDLQI and DLQI at day 29 were analyzed using the Fisher exact test. A Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to analyze differences between treatment groups in severity bands.

Results

Patient Disposition and Characteristics

Studies AD-301 and AD-302 enrolled 1016 patients treated with crisaborole and 506 patients treated with vehicle, with the first patient enrolling in March 2014 and the last visit occurring in April 2015. No significant differences were observed in baseline demographics and disease characteristics across treatment groups (Table 1). The enrolled patient population reflected the overall AD population, with 85% of patients experiencing symptoms before 5 years of age [3]. Most of the enrolled patient population was 2–15 years old (crisaborole: 80.2%; vehicle: 81.4%), and approximately one-fifth of the enrolled population was ≥ 16 years of age (crisaborole: 19.8%; vehicle: 18.6%). The severity of pruritus and QoL assessment were similar across treatment groups at baseline.
Table 1
Baseline patient characteristics and disease characteristics by age group in crisaborole phase 3 studies (ITT population)
Patient demographics and characteristics
Ages 2–15 years
Ages ≥ 16 years
Vehicle (n = 412)
Crisaborole ointment (n = 815)
Vehicle (n = 94)
Crisaborole ointment (n = 201)
Sex, %
 Male
47.6
46.9
30.9
33.8
 Female
52.4
53.1
69.1
66.2
Ethnicity, %
 Hispanic or Latino
21.4
20.9
13.8
14.9
 Not Hispanic or Latino
78.6
79.1
86.2
85.1
Race, %
 American Indian or Alaskan Native
0.7
1.0
2.1
1.5
 Asian
4.4
4.8
9.6
6.5
 Black or African American
26.2
27.4
33.0
30.8
 Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander
1.7
0.7
1.1
0.5
 White
61.9
61.7
54.3
56.7
 Other
5.1
4.4
0.0
4.0
Severity of pruritus scale, n (%)
 0—none
14 (3.9)
31 (4.3)
5 (6.0)
4 (2.3)
 1—mild
102 (28.5)
185 (25.4)
17 (20.5)
44 (25.0)
 2—moderate
137 (38.3)
253 (34.8)
30 (36.1)
78 (44.3)
 3—severe
105 (29.3)
258 (35.5)
31 (37.3)
50 (28.4)
CDLQI
 n
403
797
 Mean (SD)
9.0 (6.02)
9.3 (5.99)
DLQI
 n
92
192
 Mean (SD)
9.3 (6.55)
9.7 (6.29)
DFI (parents/caregivers/families of patients ages 2–17 years)
 n
431
862
 Mean (SD)
7.8 (6.17)
8.1 (6.61)
CDLQI Children’s Dermatology Life Quality Index, DLQI Dermatology Life Quality Index, DFI Dermatitis Family Impact Questionnaire, ITT intent-to-treat, SD standard deviation

Overall QoL Assessment and MCID at Day 29

Overall, children in both the vehicle and the crisaborole groups experienced improvement in QoL during the study. Children and adolescents aged 2–15 years in the crisaborole ointment group showed greater mean reduction in QoL assessment at day 29 than patients given vehicle, as assessed by CDLQI (mean change from baseline, crisaborole: − 4.6; vehicle: − 3.0; P < 0.001) (Fig. 3a). Among the subgroup of patients aged 4–15 years, results were numerically similar and retained statistical significance (mean change from baseline, crisaborole: − 4.5; vehicle: − 2.6; P < 0.001) (Fig. 3b). More crisaborole-treated patients (61.7%) achieved MCID, defined as a ≥ 2.5-point change from baseline for CDLQI [26], than vehicle-treated patients (52.1%) (P = 0.003).
Patients ≥ 16 years of age treated with crisaborole ointment showed greater mean reduction in DLQI scores at day 29 than patients given vehicle (mean change from baseline, crisaborole: − 5.2; vehicle: − 3.5; P = 0.015) (Fig. 3c). MCID, defined as a ≥ 3.3-point change from baseline [27], was achieved by 53.9% of crisaborole-treated patients and 41.5% of vehicle-treated patients (P = 0.083). Assessment of improvement in QoL for the parents, caregivers, and families of children and adolescents with AD showed that crisaborole-treated patients showed greater mean reduction overall (mean change from baseline, crisaborole: − 3.7; vehicle: − 2.7; P = 0.003) (Fig. 3d).

Severity Bands for CDLQI and DLQI

To provide clinical context to CDLQI and DLQI scores, established severity bands ranging from “no effect” to an “extremely large effect” were analyzed. Most children and adolescents experienced a “moderate effect” of AD on QoL at baseline (crisaborole: 35.3%; vehicle: 34.0%) or worse (crisaborole: 27.2%; vehicle: 24.6%; P = 0.1769) (Fig. 4a). By day 29, crisaborole treatment led to an improvement in QoL, with 75.5% of patients reporting that their AD had “small effect” to “no effect,” compared with 64.9% of vehicle-treated patients (P = 0.0002). For patients ≥ 16 years of age, most reported that AD had a “moderate effect” on QoL at baseline (crisaborole: 29.7%; vehicle: 29.3%) or worse (crisaborole: 39.1%; vehicle: 34.8%; P = 0.4030) (Fig. 4b). By day 29, a numerically greater proportion of crisaborole-treated patients reported that AD had “small effect” to “no effect” (71.8%) than vehicle-treated patients (65.5%; P = 0.1400). These data indicate an overall reduction in the impact of AD on the lives of patients, especially for those who received crisaborole ointment.

CDLQI, DLQI, and DFI: Question Level Analysis

Compared with vehicle-treated patients, more children and adolescents treated with crisaborole ointment experienced less impact on QoL related to itching/scratching and painful/sore (P < 0.001), feelings of embarrassment and self-consciousness (P = 0.011), playing (P = 0.010), holiday time (P = 0.039), sleep (P = 0.001), and the burden of treatment (P = 0.001) (Table 2). Similarly, more crisaborole-treated patients than vehicle-treated patients ≥ 16 years of age reported less impact on QoL for itching/scratching and painful/sore (P = 0.001), embarrassment and self-consciousness (P = 0.024), and sexual difficulties between partners (P = 0.017) (Table 3). The parents/caregivers/families of patients 2–17 years of age treated with crisaborole experienced greater improvement than those of vehicle-treated patients in the categories of sleep (P = 0.015), time shopping (P = 0.026), and expenditure (P = 0.042) (Table 4).
Table 2
Responses per question for CDLQI (ITT population)
Question
Treatment
Patients per response, %
P valuea,b
Not at all
Only a little
Quite a lot
Very much
Itching/scratching, painful/sore
Vehicle
13.5
48.9
24.9
12.7
< 0.001
Crisaborole ointment
18.6
57.9
17.1
6.4
Embarrassed/self-conscious
Vehicle
61.0
23.8
10.5
4.7
0.011
Crisaborole ointment
68.2
21.2
7.7
2.9
Affected friendships
Vehicle
90.1
6.1
2.2
1.7
0.241
Crisaborole ointment
92.0
6.6
0.8
0.7
Affected clothing
Vehicle
61.3
24.6
8.8
5.2
0.210
Crisaborole ointment
64.2
25.6
6.7
3.6
Playing
Vehicle
62.4
26.8
6.6
4.1
0.010
Crisaborole ointment
69.5
23.8
4.5
2.2
Sports
Vehicle
74.0
16.0
5.2
4.7
0.205
Crisaborole ointment
77.6
13.9
3.8
4.7
School time
Vehicle
75.0
15.9
6.9
2.2
0.155
Crisaborole ointment
79.1
16.1
3.1
1.7
Holiday time
Vehicle
61.2
25.9
5.8
7.2
0.039
Crisaborole ointment
69.9
22.7
6.0
1.3
Teasing/bullying
Vehicle
82.8
11.9
3.6
1.7
0.210
Crisaborole ointment
85.5
11.2
1.8
1.4
Child sleep
Vehicle
42.3
34.5
13.5
9.7
0.001
Crisaborole ointment
51.4
33.0
9.3
6.2
Burden of treatment
Vehicle
49.7
34.5
11.0
4.7
0.001
Crisaborole ointment
60.2
29.2
7.4
3.3
CDLQI Children’s Dermatology Life Quality Index, ITT intent-to-treat
aP value from a Wilcoxon rank sum test with factor of treatment group
bItalic rows indicate statistically significant difference in question response between crisaborole and vehicle treatment groups
Table 3
Responses per question for DLQI (ITT population)
Question
Treatment
Patients per response, %
P valuea,b
Not at all
Only a little
Quite a lot
Very much
Itching/scratching, painful/sore
Vehicle
8.3
65.5
16.7
9.5
0.001
Crisaborole ointment
27.1
56.4
12.2
4.3
Embarrassed/self-conscious
Vehicle
47.6
25.0
11.9
15.5
0.024
Crisaborole ointment
56.9
31.4
6.9
4.8
Shopping, home, yard activities
Vehicle
81.0
13.1
2.4
3.6
0.391
Crisaborole ointment
75.5
19.7
3.7
1.1
Influenced clothes worn
Vehicle
47.6
25.0
9.5
17.9
0.063
Crisaborole ointment
55.9
27.1
11.2
5.9
Affected social/leisure activity
Vehicle
70.2
17.9
6.0
6.0
0.366
Crisaborole ointment
73.9
20.7
3.7
1.6
Affected sports participation
Vehicle
79.8
16.7
0.0
3.6
0.556
Crisaborole ointment
83.0
12.2
3.7
1.1
Affected work/studying
Vehicle
70.2
23.8
3.6
2.4
0.193
Crisaborole ointment
78.7
13.8
1.6
5.9
Affected relationships
Vehicle
75.0
21.4
1.2
2.4
0.263
Crisaborole ointment
80.9
17.0
1.1
1.1
Sexual difficulties
Vehicle
86.9
10.7
0.0
2.4
0.017
Crisaborole ointment
95.2
3.2
0.5
1.1
Burden of treatment
Vehicle
67.9
27.4
2.4
2.4
0.164
Crisaborole ointment
59.6
31.4
9.0
0.0
DLQI Dermatology Life Quality Index, ITT intent-to-treat
aP value from a Wilcoxon rank sum test with factor of treatment group
bItalic rows indicate statistically significant difference in question response between crisaborole and vehicle treatment groups
Table 4
Responses per question for DFI (ITT population)
Question
Treatment
Patients per response, %
P valuea,b
Not at all
Only a little
Quite a lot
Very much
Housework
Vehicle
61.5
29.6
6.0
2.9
0.555
Crisaborole ointment
63.6
27.4
5.7
3.3
Food
Vehicle
73.8
18.8
4.7
2.6
0.142
Crisaborole ointment
77.5
17.2
3.5
1.8
Sleep
Vehicle
56.8
27.6
8.4
7.1
0.015
Crisaborole ointment
64.2
22.8
8.5
4.5
Leisure
Vehicle
66.2
23.8
5.8
4.2
0.281
Crisaborole ointment
68.7
24.2
3.8
3.3
Time shopping
Vehicle
78.3
18.6
1.8
1.3
0.026
Crisaborole ointment
83.7
13.7
1.6
1.1
Expenditure
Vehicle
63.4
29.3
5.0
2.4
0.042
Crisaborole ointment
69.9
23.4
5.0
2.0
Tiredness
Vehicle
60.2
27.7
7.3
4.7
0.019
Crisaborole ointment
67.2
22.9
6.2
3.7
Emotional distress
Vehicle
58.6
29.8
8.9
2.6
0.191
Crisaborole ointment
63.1
25.9
7.3
3.7
Relationships
Vehicle
76.7
17.8
4.5
1.0
0.117
Crisaborole ointment
80.8
14.4
3.3
1.6
Burden of treatment
Vehicle
46.5
36.0
13.4
4.2
0.201
Crisaborole ointment
49.0
37.8
9.0
4.3
DFI Dermatitis Family Impact Questionnaire, ITT intent-to-treat
aP value from a Wilcoxon rank sum test with factor of treatment group
bItalic rows indicate statistically significant difference in question response between crisaborole and vehicle treatment groups

Discussion

The current study revealed that even mild AD can significantly affect patients and their families [30]; therefore, regardless of severity of AD, treatment can improve QoL for patients and their families. Crisaborole-treated patients showed greater reduction in pruritus severity than vehicle-treated patients [20] and a reduction in the impact of itching and scratching on QoL for children, adolescents, and adults. AD-associated pruritus greatly affects patient and caregiver QoL and results in sleep disruption [2, 8]. Sleep disruption strongly affects the QoL of children and adults [31], and it is linked to the development of the mental health comorbidities often seen in patients with AD [32]. Although additional studies are necessary to fully assess the impact of crisaborole on sleep quality, crisaborole-treated children and adolescents and their families experienced lessening of the impact of AD on sleep.
The visibility and stigma associated with skin diseases also impacts the QoL of patients [2]. The reduction in feelings of embarrassment and self-consciousness for crisaborole-treated patients most likely results from reduction in global disease severity and diminution of lesions in visible areas [20]. Treatment of AD itself imposes a significant burden on the QoL of patients because treatment regimens are often time consuming and associated with lifestyle changes [2, 11, 33, 34]. Greater disease severity is directly correlated with more time spent on treatment [34]. A greater proportion of crisaborole-treated children and adolescents experienced lessening of the burden of treatment, which might have resulted from reduction in pruritus severity and global disease severity [20]. AD also has a significant impact on the QoL of parents/caregivers/families of patients with AD because parents spend several hours each day dealing with treatment and lose 1–2 h of sleep on average each night [2, 30]. The lessening of the impact of AD on sleep reported by the parents/caregivers/families of crisaborole-treated patients might reduce sleep loss-associated side effects, such as decreased coping skills and poor work functioning [2].
Available treatments, such as TCSs and TCIs, improve QoL for patients and their families. A greater mean reduction in the Parents of Children With Atopic Dermatitis (PQoL-AD) score was observed for pimecrolimus-treated patients 2–17 years of age with mild to moderate AD treated with pimecrolimus for 6 weeks (least-squares mean change, − 3.2) compared with vehicle-treated patients (− 1.63; P = 0.023) [12]. The current study showed that, similar to TCS and TCI, crisaborole ointment improves QoL for patients and their caregivers. Direct comparison of TCS and TCI studies with those of crisaborole are not feasible because of the lack of head-to-head trials and differences in study design, assessment tools used, and patient populations in the individual studies. The large “vehicle effect” seen with the pimecrolimus study and in the current study is commonly observed in AD clinical trials. Topical vehicle is not a placebo, and emollients are the foundation of step care in management of AD [35]. Use of emollients reduces the need for topical steroids in children [36], and emollient therapy is a prevention strategy in high-risk neonates [37]. Petrolatum, a common moisturizer and the main component of the base for the crisaborole ointment and the vehicle ointment, has skin barrier repair and immune-modulating properties [38]. Compared with vehicle alone, the addition of crisaborole improves QoL for patients with AD and their parents/caregivers/families.
Potential limitations with these studies include the use of CDLQI and DLQI in AD because, although both measurement tools are validated for inflammatory skin diseases and commonly used in AD trials, these measures are not specific for AD and might not fully capture the impact of the disease [39, 40]. In addition, the CDLQI has been validated in patients 4 years or older only [22]; therefore, younger patients were aided by a parent/caregiver. However, analysis of the subgroup aged 4–15 years showed a change in CDLQI similar to that seen in the cohort aged 2–15 years.

Conclusions

Despite the limitations of the study, the improvements in QoL described herein demonstrate that the reduction in objective lesion severity observed in previous analysis [1618, 20] is clinically meaningful for patients and their families. Crisaborole is a promising novel topical AD treatment that improves mild to moderate AD and the lives of affected patients and their families.

Acknowledgements

The authors thank the study patients, investigators, and investigational sites, whose participation made these studies possible.

Funding

This study was sponsored by Anacor Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Pfizer Inc., New York, NY. Pfizer Inc. funded the article processing charges. All authors had full access to all the data in this study and take complete responsibility for the integrity of the data and accuracy of the data analysis.

Medical Writing, Editorial, and Other Assistance

The authors thank the participants of these studies; Huaming Tan, Ph.D., of Pfizer Inc., for performing the statistical analyses; and Michael Zielinski, PharmD, and Anna Tallman, PharmD, of Pfizer Inc., who provided critical review and revision of the manuscript. Editorial/medical writing support under the guidance of the authors was provided by Sarah Utley, Ph.D., and Corey Mandel, Ph.D., of ApotheCom, San Francisco, CA, USA, and was funded by Anacor Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Pfizer Inc., New York, NY, USA, in accordance with Good Publication Practice (GPP3) guidelines (Ann Intern Med. 2015;163:461–464).

Authorship

All named authors meet the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) criteria for authorship for this manuscript, take responsibility for the integrity of the work as a whole, and have given final approval for the version to be published.

Disclosures

Pfizer Inc. supplied grants to the institution of Dr. Paller to conduct the studies. Pfizer Inc. supplied grants to the institution of Dr. Boguniewicz to conduct the studies. Pfizer Inc. supplied grants to the institution of Dr. Feldman to conduct the studies. Dr. Simpson’s institution has received funding from GlaxoSmithKline, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Novartis, Vanda Pharmaceuticals, and Tioga Pharmaceuticals Inc. to conduct clinical trials. Dr. Simpson received consulting fees from Galderma, Genentech Inc., GlaxoSmithKline, Regeneron, and Pfizer Inc., and received advisory board honoraria from Celgene, Dermira, Regeneron, and Sanofi. Dr. Paller has received consulting fees from Eli Lilly, Celgene, Novartis, Sanofi-Regeneron, and Valeant Pharmaceuticals. Dr. Boguniewicz has received consulting fees from Pfizer Inc. The institution of Dr. Eichenfield received funding from Otsuka, Medimetriks Pharmaceuticals, Roivant Sciences, Sanofi-Regeneron, and Valeant Pharmaceuticals. Dr. Eichenfield has received consulting honoraria from Eli Lilly, Galderma, Pfizer Inc., Anacor Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Novartis, Roivant Sciences, and Valeant Pharmaceuticals. Dr. Feldman received consulting fees from Pfizer Inc. Dr. Silverberg received advisory board and consulting honoraria from Pfizer Inc., Anacor Pharmaceuticals, Inc., AbbVie, Eli Lilly, GlaxoSmithKline, Realm-1, Sanofi-Regeneron, Kiniksa, Menlo, and Galderma. The institution of Dr. Silverberg has received funding from Celgene, Eli Lilly, GlaxoSmithKline, Regeneron-Sanofi, and Realm Therapeutics for conducting clinical trials. At the time of the study, Dr. Zane was an employee and shareholder of Anacor Pharmaceuticals, Inc., which was acquired by Pfizer Inc. Dr. Chamlin has received consulting fees from Menlo Therapeutics, Valeant Pharmaceuticals, and Pierre Fabre Laboratories. All authors have contributed to writing the first draft of the manuscript and no honorarium, grant, or other form of payment was given to anyone to produce the manuscript.

Compliance with Ethics Guidelines

All procedures followed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the responsible committee on human experimentation (institutional and national) and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1964, as revised in 2013. Informed consent was obtained from all patients for being included in the study.

Data Availability

Upon request, and subject to certain criteria, conditions, and exceptions (see https://​www.​pfizer.​com/​science/​clinical-trials/​trial-data-and-results for more information), Pfizer Inc. will provide access to individual de-identified participant data from Pfizer-sponsored global interventional clinical studies conducted for medicines, vaccines, and medical devices (1) for indications that have been approved in the United States and/or European Union or (2) in programs that have been terminated (i.e., development for all indications has been discontinued). Pfizer will also consider requests for the protocol, data dictionary, and statistical analysis plan. Data may be requested from Pfizer trials 24 months after study completion. The de-identified participant data will be made available to researchers whose proposals meet the research criteria and other conditions, and for which an exception does not apply, via a secure portal. To gain access, data requestors must enter into a data access agreement with Pfizer.

Open Access

This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://​creativecommons.​org/​licenses/​by-nc/​4.​0/​), which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
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Metadaten
Titel
Crisaborole Ointment Improves Quality of Life of Patients with Mild to Moderate Atopic Dermatitis and Their Families
verfasst von
Eric L. Simpson
Amy S. Paller
Mark Boguniewicz
Lawrence F. Eichenfield
Steven R. Feldman
Jonathan I. Silverberg
Sarah L. Chamlin
Lee T. Zane
Publikationsdatum
22.10.2018
Verlag
Springer Healthcare
Erschienen in
Dermatology and Therapy / Ausgabe 4/2018
Print ISSN: 2193-8210
Elektronische ISSN: 2190-9172
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13555-018-0263-0

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