Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Current Cardiovascular Imaging Reports 9/2020

01.09.2020 | Cardiac Computed Tomography (A. Crean and G. Small, Section Editors)

CT Imaging of Left Ventricular Assist Devices and Associated Complications

verfasst von: Arianne C. Agdamag, Pratik S. Velangi, Ali Salavati, Prabhjot S. Nijjar

Erschienen in: Current Cardiovascular Imaging Reports | Ausgabe 9/2020

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Purpose of Review

The purpose of this paper is to review the current role of computed tomography (CT) in the imaging of left ventricular assist devices (LVAD).

Recent Findings

Recent studies have highlighted the prognostic role of measuring skeletal muscle CT attenuation in predicting adverse LVAD outcomes. CT is also useful for evaluation of inflow cannula malposition, and outflow graft complications such as obstruction and kinking. In addition, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography (FDG PET-CT) has been shown to be of value in evaluation of suspected LVAD infection. Newer CT techniques such as dual-energy CT and metal artifact reduction algorithms can potentially generate better quality CT images, though currently there is no high-quality published literature on their use in LVAD imaging.

Summary

CT is a useful technique as part of a multi-modality approach in the evaluation of LVADs and associated complications.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Rose EA, Gelijns AC, Moskowitz AJ, Heitjan DF, Stevenson LW, Dembitsky W, et al. Long-term use of a left ventricular assist device for end-stage heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2001;345(20):1435–43.PubMed Rose EA, Gelijns AC, Moskowitz AJ, Heitjan DF, Stevenson LW, Dembitsky W, et al. Long-term use of a left ventricular assist device for end-stage heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2001;345(20):1435–43.PubMed
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Lund LH, Edwards LB, Kucheryavaya AY, Benden C, Dipchand AI, Goldfarb S, et al. The registry of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: thirty-second official adult heart transplantation report--2015; focus theme: early graft failure. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2015;34(10):1244–54.PubMed Lund LH, Edwards LB, Kucheryavaya AY, Benden C, Dipchand AI, Goldfarb S, et al. The registry of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: thirty-second official adult heart transplantation report--2015; focus theme: early graft failure. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2015;34(10):1244–54.PubMed
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Kirklin JK, Naftel DC, Pagani FD, Kormos RL, Stevenson LW, Blume ED, et al. Sixth INTERMACS annual report: a 10,000-patient database. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2014;33(6):555–64.PubMed Kirklin JK, Naftel DC, Pagani FD, Kormos RL, Stevenson LW, Blume ED, et al. Sixth INTERMACS annual report: a 10,000-patient database. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2014;33(6):555–64.PubMed
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Gosev I, Kiernan MS, Eckman P, Soleimani B, Kilic A, Uriel N, et al. Long-term survival in patients receiving a continuous-flow left ventricular assist device. Ann Thorac Surg. 2018;105(3):696–701.PubMed Gosev I, Kiernan MS, Eckman P, Soleimani B, Kilic A, Uriel N, et al. Long-term survival in patients receiving a continuous-flow left ventricular assist device. Ann Thorac Surg. 2018;105(3):696–701.PubMed
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Mohamed I, Lau CT, Bolen MA, El-Sherief AH, Azok JT, Karimov JH, et al. Building a bridge to save a failing ventricle: radiologic evaluation of short- and long-term cardiac assist devices. Radiographics. 2015;35(2):327–56.PubMed Mohamed I, Lau CT, Bolen MA, El-Sherief AH, Azok JT, Karimov JH, et al. Building a bridge to save a failing ventricle: radiologic evaluation of short- and long-term cardiac assist devices. Radiographics. 2015;35(2):327–56.PubMed
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Flores AS, Essandoh M, Yerington GC, Bhatt AM, Iyer MH, Perez W, et al. Echocardiographic assessment for ventricular assist device placement. J Thorac Dis. 2015;7(12):2139–50.PubMedPubMedCentral Flores AS, Essandoh M, Yerington GC, Bhatt AM, Iyer MH, Perez W, et al. Echocardiographic assessment for ventricular assist device placement. J Thorac Dis. 2015;7(12):2139–50.PubMedPubMedCentral
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Feldman D, Pamboukian SV, Teuteberg JJ, Birks E, Lietz K, Moore SA, et al. The 2013 International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation Guidelines for mechanical circulatory support: executive summary. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2013;32(2):157–87.PubMed Feldman D, Pamboukian SV, Teuteberg JJ, Birks E, Lietz K, Moore SA, et al. The 2013 International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation Guidelines for mechanical circulatory support: executive summary. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2013;32(2):157–87.PubMed
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Carr CM, Jacob J, Park SJ, Karon BL, Williamson EE, Araoz PA. CT of left ventricular assist devices. Radiographics. 2010;30(2):429–44.PubMed Carr CM, Jacob J, Park SJ, Karon BL, Williamson EE, Araoz PA. CT of left ventricular assist devices. Radiographics. 2010;30(2):429–44.PubMed
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Prinzing A, Herold U, Berkefeld A, Krane M, Lange R, Voss B. Left ventricular assist devices-current state and perspectives. J Thorac Dis. 2016;8(8):E660–6.PubMedPubMedCentral Prinzing A, Herold U, Berkefeld A, Krane M, Lange R, Voss B. Left ventricular assist devices-current state and perspectives. J Thorac Dis. 2016;8(8):E660–6.PubMedPubMedCentral
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Sen A, Larson JS, Kashani KB, Libricz SL, Patel BM, Guru PK, et al. Mechanical circulatory assist devices: a primer for critical care and emergency physicians. Crit Care. 2016;20(1):153.PubMedPubMedCentral Sen A, Larson JS, Kashani KB, Libricz SL, Patel BM, Guru PK, et al. Mechanical circulatory assist devices: a primer for critical care and emergency physicians. Crit Care. 2016;20(1):153.PubMedPubMedCentral
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Sajgalik P, Grupper A, Edwards BS, Kushwaha SS, Stulak JM, Joyce DL, et al. Current status of left ventricular assist device therapy. Mayo Clin Proc. 2016;91(7):927–40.PubMed Sajgalik P, Grupper A, Edwards BS, Kushwaha SS, Stulak JM, Joyce DL, et al. Current status of left ventricular assist device therapy. Mayo Clin Proc. 2016;91(7):927–40.PubMed
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Lim HS, Howell N, Ranasinghe A. The physiology of continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices. J Card Fail. 2017;23(2):169–80.PubMed Lim HS, Howell N, Ranasinghe A. The physiology of continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices. J Card Fail. 2017;23(2):169–80.PubMed
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Waller AH, Dunne R, Stewart GC, Ghosh N, Gosev I, Rybicki FJ, et al. Evaluation of bend relief disconnection in patients supported by a HeartMate II left ventricular assist device. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2014;7(5):844–8.PubMed Waller AH, Dunne R, Stewart GC, Ghosh N, Gosev I, Rybicki FJ, et al. Evaluation of bend relief disconnection in patients supported by a HeartMate II left ventricular assist device. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2014;7(5):844–8.PubMed
14.
Zurück zum Zitat •• Trankle CR, Grizzard JD, Shah KB, Rezai Gharai L, Dana F, Kang MS, et al. Left ventricular assist device outflow graft compression: incidence, clinical associations and potential etiologies. J Card Fail. 2019;25(7):545–52. This paper highlights the role of extrinsic compression from biodebris in the bend relief protector of outflow grafts. PubMed •• Trankle CR, Grizzard JD, Shah KB, Rezai Gharai L, Dana F, Kang MS, et al. Left ventricular assist device outflow graft compression: incidence, clinical associations and potential etiologies. J Card Fail. 2019;25(7):545–52. This paper highlights the role of extrinsic compression from biodebris in the bend relief protector of outflow grafts. PubMed
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Chrysant GS, Phancao AA, Horstmanshof DA, Jones S, Long JW. Clinical utility of imaging left ventricular assist devices with 320 row multidetector computed tomography. ASAIO J. 2018;64(6):760–5.PubMed Chrysant GS, Phancao AA, Horstmanshof DA, Jones S, Long JW. Clinical utility of imaging left ventricular assist devices with 320 row multidetector computed tomography. ASAIO J. 2018;64(6):760–5.PubMed
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Tabari A, Lo Gullo R, Murugan V, Otrakji A, Digumarthy S, Kalra M. Recent advances in computed tomographic technology: cardiopulmonary imaging applications. J Thorac Imaging. 2017;32(2):89–100.PubMed Tabari A, Lo Gullo R, Murugan V, Otrakji A, Digumarthy S, Kalra M. Recent advances in computed tomographic technology: cardiopulmonary imaging applications. J Thorac Imaging. 2017;32(2):89–100.PubMed
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Halliburton SS, Tanabe Y, Partovi S, Rajiah P. The role of advanced reconstruction algorithms in cardiac CT. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther. 2017;7(5):527–38.PubMedPubMedCentral Halliburton SS, Tanabe Y, Partovi S, Rajiah P. The role of advanced reconstruction algorithms in cardiac CT. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther. 2017;7(5):527–38.PubMedPubMedCentral
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Teigen LM, John R, Kuchnia AJ, Nagel EM, Earthman CP, Kealhofer J, et al. Preoperative pectoralis muscle quantity and attenuation by computed tomography are novel and powerful predictors of mortality after left ventricular assist device implantation. Circ Heart Fail. 2017;10(9):e004069.PubMed Teigen LM, John R, Kuchnia AJ, Nagel EM, Earthman CP, Kealhofer J, et al. Preoperative pectoralis muscle quantity and attenuation by computed tomography are novel and powerful predictors of mortality after left ventricular assist device implantation. Circ Heart Fail. 2017;10(9):e004069.PubMed
19.
Zurück zum Zitat • Cogswell R, Trachtenberg B, Murray T, Schultz J, Teigen L, Allen T, et al. A novel model incorporating Pectoralis muscle measures to predict mortality after ventricular assist device implantation. J Card Fail. 2020;26(4):308–15. This paper highlights the role of pre-implantation pectoralis muscle assessment to predict prognosis after LVAD implantation. PubMed • Cogswell R, Trachtenberg B, Murray T, Schultz J, Teigen L, Allen T, et al. A novel model incorporating Pectoralis muscle measures to predict mortality after ventricular assist device implantation. J Card Fail. 2020;26(4):308–15. This paper highlights the role of pre-implantation pectoralis muscle assessment to predict prognosis after LVAD implantation. PubMed
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Acharya D, Aryal S, Loyaga-Rendon R, Pamboukian SV, Tallaj J, Kirklin JK, et al. Use of computed tomography in preoperative planning for Heartware left ventricular assist device placement. ASAIO J. 2019;65(1):70–6.PubMed Acharya D, Aryal S, Loyaga-Rendon R, Pamboukian SV, Tallaj J, Kirklin JK, et al. Use of computed tomography in preoperative planning for Heartware left ventricular assist device placement. ASAIO J. 2019;65(1):70–6.PubMed
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Lima B, Dur O, Chuang J, Chamogeorgakis T, Farrar DJ, Sundareswaran KS, et al. Novel cardiac coordinate modeling system for three-dimensional quantification of inflow cannula malposition of HeartMate II LVADs. ASAIO J. 2018;64(2):154–8.PubMed Lima B, Dur O, Chuang J, Chamogeorgakis T, Farrar DJ, Sundareswaran KS, et al. Novel cardiac coordinate modeling system for three-dimensional quantification of inflow cannula malposition of HeartMate II LVADs. ASAIO J. 2018;64(2):154–8.PubMed
22.
Zurück zum Zitat • Sorensen EN, Kon ZN, Feller ED, Pham SM, Griffith BP. Quantitative assessment of inflow malposition in two continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices. Ann Thorac Surg. 2018;105(5):1377–83. This paper highlights the role of inflow cannula malposition in pump thrombosis. PubMed • Sorensen EN, Kon ZN, Feller ED, Pham SM, Griffith BP. Quantitative assessment of inflow malposition in two continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices. Ann Thorac Surg. 2018;105(5):1377–83. This paper highlights the role of inflow cannula malposition in pump thrombosis. PubMed
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Sacks J, Gonzalez-Stawinski GV, Hall S, Lima B, MacHannaford J, Dockery W, et al. Utility of cardiac computed tomography for inflow cannula patency assessment and prediction of clinical outcome in patients with the HeartMate II left ventricular assist device. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2015;21(5):590–3.PubMed Sacks J, Gonzalez-Stawinski GV, Hall S, Lima B, MacHannaford J, Dockery W, et al. Utility of cardiac computed tomography for inflow cannula patency assessment and prediction of clinical outcome in patients with the HeartMate II left ventricular assist device. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2015;21(5):590–3.PubMed
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Spanier T, Oz M, Levin H, Weinberg A, Stamatis K, Stern D, et al. Activation of coagulation and fibrinolytic pathways in patients with left ventricular assist devices. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1996;112(4):1090–7.PubMed Spanier T, Oz M, Levin H, Weinberg A, Stamatis K, Stern D, et al. Activation of coagulation and fibrinolytic pathways in patients with left ventricular assist devices. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1996;112(4):1090–7.PubMed
25.
Zurück zum Zitat • Tran BC, Nijjar PS. Role of contrast CT for the diagnosis and the prognosis of suspected LVAD thrombosis. J Card Surg. 2017;32(2):162–5. This paper highlights the role of CT in diagnosis of outlfow graft complications. PubMed • Tran BC, Nijjar PS. Role of contrast CT for the diagnosis and the prognosis of suspected LVAD thrombosis. J Card Surg. 2017;32(2):162–5. This paper highlights the role of CT in diagnosis of outlfow graft complications. PubMed
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Goldstein DJ, John R, Salerno C, Silvestry S, Moazami N, Horstmanshof D, et al. Algorithm for the diagnosis and management of suspected pump thrombus. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2013;32(7):667–70.PubMed Goldstein DJ, John R, Salerno C, Silvestry S, Moazami N, Horstmanshof D, et al. Algorithm for the diagnosis and management of suspected pump thrombus. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2013;32(7):667–70.PubMed
27.
Zurück zum Zitat •• Scandroglio AM, Kaufmann F, Pieri M, Kretzschmar A, Muller M, Pergantis P, et al. Diagnosis and treatment algorithm for blood flow obstructions in patients with left ventricular assist device. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;67(23):2758–68. This paper highlights a diagnostic algorithm for suspected LVAD thrombosis. PubMed •• Scandroglio AM, Kaufmann F, Pieri M, Kretzschmar A, Muller M, Pergantis P, et al. Diagnosis and treatment algorithm for blood flow obstructions in patients with left ventricular assist device. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;67(23):2758–68. This paper highlights a diagnostic algorithm for suspected LVAD thrombosis. PubMed
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Uriel N, Morrison KA, Garan AR, Kato TS, Yuzefpolskaya M, Latif F, et al. Development of a novel echocardiography ramp test for speed optimization and diagnosis of device thrombosis in continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices: the Columbia ramp study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012;60(18):1764–75.PubMedPubMedCentral Uriel N, Morrison KA, Garan AR, Kato TS, Yuzefpolskaya M, Latif F, et al. Development of a novel echocardiography ramp test for speed optimization and diagnosis of device thrombosis in continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices: the Columbia ramp study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012;60(18):1764–75.PubMedPubMedCentral
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Shroff GS, Ocazionez D, Akkanti B, Vargas D, Garza A, Gupta P, et al. CT imaging of complications associated with continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices (LVADs). Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 2017;38(6):616–28.PubMed Shroff GS, Ocazionez D, Akkanti B, Vargas D, Garza A, Gupta P, et al. CT imaging of complications associated with continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices (LVADs). Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 2017;38(6):616–28.PubMed
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Mellnick VM, Raptis DA, Raptis C, Bhalla S. Imaging of left ventricular device complications. J Thorac Imaging. 2013;28(2):W35–41.PubMed Mellnick VM, Raptis DA, Raptis C, Bhalla S. Imaging of left ventricular device complications. J Thorac Imaging. 2013;28(2):W35–41.PubMed
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Gomez CK, Schiffman SR, Hobbs SK. The role of computed tomography in predicting left ventricular assist device infectious complications. J Clin Imaging Sci. 2016;6:43.PubMedPubMedCentral Gomez CK, Schiffman SR, Hobbs SK. The role of computed tomography in predicting left ventricular assist device infectious complications. J Clin Imaging Sci. 2016;6:43.PubMedPubMedCentral
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Li X, Kondray V, Tavri S, Ruhparwar A, Azeze S, Dey A, et al. Role of imaging in diagnosis and management of left ventricular assist device complications. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2019;35(7):1365–77.PubMed Li X, Kondray V, Tavri S, Ruhparwar A, Azeze S, Dey A, et al. Role of imaging in diagnosis and management of left ventricular assist device complications. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2019;35(7):1365–77.PubMed
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Dell'Aquila AM, Mastrobuoni S, Alles S, Wenning C, Henryk W, Schneider SR, et al. Contributory role of fluorine 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography in the diagnosis and clinical management of infections in patients supported with a continuous-flow left ventricular assist device. Ann Thorac Surg. 2016;101(1):87–94 discussion.PubMed Dell'Aquila AM, Mastrobuoni S, Alles S, Wenning C, Henryk W, Schneider SR, et al. Contributory role of fluorine 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography in the diagnosis and clinical management of infections in patients supported with a continuous-flow left ventricular assist device. Ann Thorac Surg. 2016;101(1):87–94 discussion.PubMed
34.
Zurück zum Zitat •• Tam MC, Patel VN, Weinberg RL, Hulten EA, Aaronson KD, Pagani FD, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of FDG PET/CT in suspected LVAD infections: a case series, systematic review, and meta-analysis. JACC Cardiov Imaging. 2019;13(5):1191–1202. This paper highlights the role of FDG PET-CT in diagnosis of LVAD infections. •• Tam MC, Patel VN, Weinberg RL, Hulten EA, Aaronson KD, Pagani FD, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of FDG PET/CT in suspected LVAD infections: a case series, systematic review, and meta-analysis. JACC Cardiov Imaging. 2019;13(5):1191–1202. This paper highlights the role of FDG PET-CT in diagnosis of LVAD infections.
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Dell'Aquila AM, Avramovic N, Mastrobuoni S, Motekallemi A, Wisniewski K, Scherer M, et al. Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography for improving diagnosis of infection in patients on CF-LVAD: longing for more 'insights'. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2018;19(5):532–43.PubMed Dell'Aquila AM, Avramovic N, Mastrobuoni S, Motekallemi A, Wisniewski K, Scherer M, et al. Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography for improving diagnosis of infection in patients on CF-LVAD: longing for more 'insights'. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2018;19(5):532–43.PubMed
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Argiriou M, Kolokotron S-M, Sakellaridis T, Argiriou O, Charitos C, Zarogoulidis P, et al. Right heart failure post left ventricular assist device implantation. J Thorac Dis. 2014;6 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S52–S9.PubMed Argiriou M, Kolokotron S-M, Sakellaridis T, Argiriou O, Charitos C, Zarogoulidis P, et al. Right heart failure post left ventricular assist device implantation. J Thorac Dis. 2014;6 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S52–S9.PubMed
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Ali HR, Kiernan MS, Choudhary G, Levine DJ, Sodha NR, Ehsan A, et al. Right ventricular failure post-implantation of left ventricular assist device: prevalence, pathophysiology, and predictors. ASAIO J. 2020;66(6):610–19. Ali HR, Kiernan MS, Choudhary G, Levine DJ, Sodha NR, Ehsan A, et al. Right ventricular failure post-implantation of left ventricular assist device: prevalence, pathophysiology, and predictors. ASAIO J. 2020;66(6):610–19.
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Garcia-Alvarez A, Fernandez-Friera L, Lau JF, Sawit ST, Mirelis JG, Castillo JG, et al. Evaluation of right ventricular function and post-operative findings using cardiac computed tomography in patients with left ventricular assist devices. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2011;30(8):896–903.PubMed Garcia-Alvarez A, Fernandez-Friera L, Lau JF, Sawit ST, Mirelis JG, Castillo JG, et al. Evaluation of right ventricular function and post-operative findings using cardiac computed tomography in patients with left ventricular assist devices. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2011;30(8):896–903.PubMed
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Slaughter MS, Pagani FD, McGee EC, Birks EJ, Cotts WG, Gregoric I, et al. HeartWare ventricular assist system for bridge to transplant: combined results of the bridge to transplant and continued access protocol trial. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2013;32(7):675–83.PubMed Slaughter MS, Pagani FD, McGee EC, Birks EJ, Cotts WG, Gregoric I, et al. HeartWare ventricular assist system for bridge to transplant: combined results of the bridge to transplant and continued access protocol trial. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2013;32(7):675–83.PubMed
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Stern DR, Kazam J, Edwards P, Maybaum S, Bello RA, D'Alessandro DA, et al. Increased incidence of gastrointestinal bleeding following implantation of the HeartMate II LVAD. J Card Surg. 2010;25(3):352–6.PubMed Stern DR, Kazam J, Edwards P, Maybaum S, Bello RA, D'Alessandro DA, et al. Increased incidence of gastrointestinal bleeding following implantation of the HeartMate II LVAD. J Card Surg. 2010;25(3):352–6.PubMed
41.
Zurück zum Zitat •• Kirklin JK, Pagani FD, Goldstein DJ, John R, Rogers JG, Atluri P, et al. American Association for Thoracic Surgery/International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation guidelines on selected topics in mechanical circulatory support. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2020;159(3):865–96. Multi-society guideline for LVAD management. PubMed •• Kirklin JK, Pagani FD, Goldstein DJ, John R, Rogers JG, Atluri P, et al. American Association for Thoracic Surgery/International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation guidelines on selected topics in mechanical circulatory support. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2020;159(3):865–96. Multi-society guideline for LVAD management. PubMed
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Scholtz JE, Ghoshhajra B. Advances in cardiac CT contrast injection and acquisition protocols. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther. 2017;7(5):439–51.PubMedPubMedCentral Scholtz JE, Ghoshhajra B. Advances in cardiac CT contrast injection and acquisition protocols. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther. 2017;7(5):439–51.PubMedPubMedCentral
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Danad I, Fayad ZA, Willemink MJ, Min JK. New applications of cardiac computed tomography: dual-energy, spectral, and molecular CT imaging. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2015;8(6):710–23.PubMedPubMedCentral Danad I, Fayad ZA, Willemink MJ, Min JK. New applications of cardiac computed tomography: dual-energy, spectral, and molecular CT imaging. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2015;8(6):710–23.PubMedPubMedCentral
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Khodarahmi I, Isaac A, Fishman EK, Dalili D, Fritz J. Metal about the hip and artifact reduction techniques: from basic concepts to advanced imaging. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 2019;23(3):e68–81.PubMed Khodarahmi I, Isaac A, Fishman EK, Dalili D, Fritz J. Metal about the hip and artifact reduction techniques: from basic concepts to advanced imaging. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 2019;23(3):e68–81.PubMed
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Raju R, Thompson AG, Lee K, Precious B, Yang TH, Berger A, et al. Reduced iodine load with CT coronary angiography using dual-energy imaging: a prospective randomized trial compared with standard coronary CT angiography. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr. 2014;8(4):282–8.PubMedPubMedCentral Raju R, Thompson AG, Lee K, Precious B, Yang TH, Berger A, et al. Reduced iodine load with CT coronary angiography using dual-energy imaging: a prospective randomized trial compared with standard coronary CT angiography. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr. 2014;8(4):282–8.PubMedPubMedCentral
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Aissa J, Boos J, Sawicki LM, Heinzler N, Krzymyk K, Sedlmair M, et al. Iterative metal artefact reduction (MAR) in postsurgical chest CT: comparison of three iMAR-algorithms. Br J Radiol. 2017;90(1079):20160778.PubMedPubMedCentral Aissa J, Boos J, Sawicki LM, Heinzler N, Krzymyk K, Sedlmair M, et al. Iterative metal artefact reduction (MAR) in postsurgical chest CT: comparison of three iMAR-algorithms. Br J Radiol. 2017;90(1079):20160778.PubMedPubMedCentral
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Lim P, Barber J, Sykes J. Evaluation of dual energy CT and iterative metal artefact reduction (iMAR) for artefact reduction in radiation therapy. Australas Phys Eng Sci Med. 2019;42(4):1025–32.PubMed Lim P, Barber J, Sykes J. Evaluation of dual energy CT and iterative metal artefact reduction (iMAR) for artefact reduction in radiation therapy. Australas Phys Eng Sci Med. 2019;42(4):1025–32.PubMed
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Thomas R, Aghayev A, Steigner ML. Artifactual appearance of thrombosis on using metal artifact reduction software reconstruction in computed tomographic angiography. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2018;42(3):457–8.PubMed Thomas R, Aghayev A, Steigner ML. Artifactual appearance of thrombosis on using metal artifact reduction software reconstruction in computed tomographic angiography. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2018;42(3):457–8.PubMed
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Subhas N, Polster JM, Obuchowski NA, Primak AN, Dong FF, Herts BR, et al. Imaging of arthroplasties: improved image quality and lesion detection with iterative metal artifact reduction, a new CT metal artifact reduction technique. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2016;207(2):378–85.PubMed Subhas N, Polster JM, Obuchowski NA, Primak AN, Dong FF, Herts BR, et al. Imaging of arthroplasties: improved image quality and lesion detection with iterative metal artifact reduction, a new CT metal artifact reduction technique. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2016;207(2):378–85.PubMed
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Axente M, Paidi A, Von Eyben R, Zeng C, Bani-Hashemi A, Krauss A, et al. Clinical evaluation of the iterative metal artifact reduction algorithm for CT simulation in radiotherapy. Med Phys. 2015;42(3):1170–83.PubMed Axente M, Paidi A, Von Eyben R, Zeng C, Bani-Hashemi A, Krauss A, et al. Clinical evaluation of the iterative metal artifact reduction algorithm for CT simulation in radiotherapy. Med Phys. 2015;42(3):1170–83.PubMed
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Giantsoudi D, De Man B, Verburg J, Trofimov A, Jin Y, Wang G, et al. Metal artifacts in computed tomography for radiation therapy planning: dosimetric effects and impact of metal artifact reduction. Phys Med Biol. 2017;62(8):R49–r80.PubMed Giantsoudi D, De Man B, Verburg J, Trofimov A, Jin Y, Wang G, et al. Metal artifacts in computed tomography for radiation therapy planning: dosimetric effects and impact of metal artifact reduction. Phys Med Biol. 2017;62(8):R49–r80.PubMed
Metadaten
Titel
CT Imaging of Left Ventricular Assist Devices and Associated Complications
verfasst von
Arianne C. Agdamag
Pratik S. Velangi
Ali Salavati
Prabhjot S. Nijjar
Publikationsdatum
01.09.2020
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Current Cardiovascular Imaging Reports / Ausgabe 9/2020
Print ISSN: 1941-9066
Elektronische ISSN: 1941-9074
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12410-020-09546-y

Update Kardiologie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.