Background
Methods
Materials
Lyophilization of the samples
Family | Species | Common name | Voucher specimen | Samples | Morphological structure used | Therapeutic use | References | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HRCH 1 | HRCH 2 | HRCH 3 | HRCH 4 | HRCH 5 | HRCH 6 | HRCH 7 | HRCH 8 | HRCH 9 | |||||||
Adoxaceae |
Sambucus nigra L.
| Tilo | FT1252 |
X
|
X
|
X
|
X
|
X
| F | Anti-flu, bronquitic, colds, febrifuge, diarrhea and headache. | |||||
Amaranthaceae |
Amaranthus hybridus L.
| Ataco | FTMAL006 |
X
|
X
|
X
|
X
|
X
| I,L | Anti-inflammatory, anti-flu, anti-hemorrhagic, astringent, healing, diuretic and tonic. | [14] | ||||
Iresine herbstii Hook.
| Escancel | FT0486 |
X
|
X
|
X
|
X
|
X
|
X
|
X
|
X
|
X
| F,L,R | Anti-inflammatory, anti-flu, analgesic, diuretic, toning and healing. | ||
Apiaceae |
Foeniculum vulgare Mill.
| Hinojo | FT0025t |
X
|
X
|
X
|
X
| L | Anti-inflammatory, digestive, conjunctivitis, diabetes and used in lactation. | ||||||
Asteraceae |
Matricaria recutita L.
| Manzanilla | FT0014t |
X
|
X
|
X
|
X
|
X
|
X
|
X
| F,L,S | Anti-inflammatory, anti-flu, anti-flatulence, anthelmintic, febrifuge, digestive, cramps, healing, insomnia. Wounds, burns and stimulating tonic | |||
Borraginaceae |
Borago officinalis
| Borraja | FT011MAL |
X
|
X
|
X
|
X
|
X
|
X
| F,L | Anti - inflammatory, anti-flu, cough, expectorant, febrifuge, circulation, sudorific, astringent, diuretic and hypocholesterolemiant. | ||||
Symphytum officinale L.
| Suelda consuelda | FT1084 |
X
| L,R | Anti-inflammatory, demulcent, hypotensive, stimulating tissue and nerves, astringent, diuretic and hemostatic. | ||||||||||
Brassicaceae |
Mathiola incana (L.) W.T. Aiton | Alhelí | FT1250 |
X
|
X
| F,L | Anti-inflammatory, anti-flu, sedative, analgesic, cough and digestive. | ||||||||
Cariophyllaceae |
Dinathus caryophyllus L.
| Clavel | FT1253 |
X
|
X
| F,L,P | Anti-inflammatory, analgesic, sedative and cough. | ||||||||
Equisetaceae |
Equisetum bogotense Kunth | Cola caballo | FT031t |
X
|
X
|
X
|
X
|
X
|
X
| L,S | Anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, febrifuge and diuretic. | ||||
Equisetum giganteun L. | Cola caballo | FT1009 |
X
| L,S | Anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, depurative, hepatic, cancer and cough. | ||||||||||
Geraniaceae |
Pelargonium graveolens L’Her.ex. Aiton
| Malva esencia | FT1258 |
X
|
X
|
X
|
X
|
X
|
X
|
X
|
X
|
X
| F,L | Anti-inflammatory, analgesic, febrifuge, diabetes, diarrhea, gallbladder and liver problems, digestive, gastric ulcers, wounds, burns, respiratory diseases, jaundice, infertility, and urinary stones. | |
Pelargonium odoratissimun (L) L’Hér. | Malva Olorosa | FT016t |
X
|
X
| F,L | Anti-inflammatory, analgesic, carminative and toning. | |||||||||
Lamiaceae |
Melissa officinalis L.
| Toronjil | FT45MPAT |
X
|
X
|
X
|
X
|
X
| L,S | Anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-spasmodic, anti-flu, diuretic, ulcerations, digestive, sedative, colds, colic, flatulence, allergies, sudorific, insomnia, heart problems, hemorrhoids and toning. | |||||
Mentha x piperita L.
| Hierba buena, menta | FT1261 |
X
|
X
|
X
|
X
| L,S | Anti-inflammatory, anti-flatulence, febrifuge, liver and gallbladder problems, nerves, cramps, antispasmodic and digestive. | |||||||
Mentha spicata L.
| Menta, hierba buena, menta negra | FT1260 |
X
|
X
|
X
|
X
|
X
|
X
| L,S | Anti-inflammatory, anti-espasmodic, anti-flatulence, digestive and colic. | |||||
Ocimun basilicum L.
| Albahaca negra | FT46TMPA |
X
|
X
| F,L | Anti-inflammatory, anti-espasmodic, anti-flatulence, analgesic cough, headache, ear, digestive, heart problems, nerves, stimulation of lactation and febrifuge. | |||||||||
Ocimum campechianum Mill.
| Albahaca blanca | FTa46TMPA |
X
| F,L | Analgesic, digestive, carminative, febrifuge, ocular cloud, menstrual colic and postpartum bath. | ||||||||||
Linnaceae |
Linum usitatissimum L.
| Linaza | FT47TMPA |
X
|
X
|
X
|
X
|
X
| Se | Anti–inflammatory digestive, hepatic and diuretic. | |||||
Malvacea |
Malva arborea (L.) Webb & Berthel.
| Malva blanca, malva alta | FT042MC |
X
|
X
|
X
|
X
|
X
|
X
|
X
| F,L | Depurative, toning and cancer. | [13] | ||
Malva parviflora L.
| Malva alta,malva blanca | FT015MCE |
X
|
X
|
X
|
X
| F,L | Anti-inflammatory, antidiarrheal, febrifuge, depurative, diuretic, cough, tonic, obesity and insect bites. | |||||||
Onagracea |
Fuchsia hybrida Hort. T. Ex. Siebert & Voss | Pena pena grande, pena pena roja | FT1262 |
X
|
X
| P | Anti-inflammatory, anti-flu, sedative, stomachache and toning. | [14] | |||||||
Fuchsia loxensis Kunth.
| Pena pena blanca rosada | FT1158 |
X
|
X
|
X
| F | Cardiotonic, febrifuge and sedative. | [14] | |||||||
Fuchsia magellanica Lam. | Pena pena morada | FT0147 |
X
|
X
|
X
|
X
| F,L | Sedative. | [14] | ||||||
Oenothera rosea L’Her. ex Aiton. | Shullo | FT53MPAT |
X
|
X
| F,L,S | Anti-inflamatory, digestive, diuretic and hepatic. | |||||||||
Piperaceae |
Peperomia inaequalifolia Ruiz & Pav.
| Congona grande | FT1197 |
X
|
X
| F,L,S | Anti-parasitic, antiperspirant, analgesic, cardiotonic, diuretic, hepatic, sedative earache and insomnia. | [14] | |||||||
Plantaginaceae |
Plantago major L.
| Llanten | FT13t |
X
|
X
|
X
|
X
|
X
|
X
|
X
|
X
| W | Anti-inflammatory, anti- hemorrhagic, digestive liver problems, healing, wounds, insect bites and diuretic. | ||
Poaceae |
Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf | Hierba luisa | FT011t |
X
|
X
|
X
|
X
|
X
|
X
|
X
| L | Anti-flatulence, analgesic, digestive, sedative, expectorant, spasmolytic and diuretic. | |||
Proteaceae |
Oreocallis grandiflora (Lam.) R.Br. | Cucharillo | FT04t |
X
|
X
| F | Anti-inflammatory, digestive, hepatic astringent and diuretic. | ||||||||
Rosaceae |
Rosa cymosa Tratt | Rosa simple rosada blanca | FT274 |
X
|
X
| P | Anti-flu, anti-scorbite, digestive, astringent and diuretic. | [30] | |||||||
Solanaceae |
Solanum americanum Mill. | Mortiño | FT36t |
X
| X | Fr, L | Anti-inflammatory, analgesic, digestive, febrifuge, sedative and respiratory system. | ||||||||
Tiliaceae |
Triumfetta semitriloba Jacq.
| Cadillo | FT39t |
X
|
X
|
X
|
X
|
X
| F,L,S | Anti- inflammatory, analgesic, astringent, febrifuge and diuretic. | [14] | ||||
Verbenaceae |
Aloysia triphylla Royse | Cedrón | FT1240 |
X
|
X
|
X
|
X
| F,L,S | Anti- inflammatory anti-spasmodic, anti-neuralgic, analgesic, cardiotonic, digestive and chest and stomach tonic. |
Phytochemical screening
Analysis of total phenolic content
DPPH radical scavenging assay
Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay
Cells
Cell viability assay
Annexin V-FITC/PI apoptosis assay
Western blotting analysis
Measurement of reactive oxygen species (ROS)
Alkaline comet assay
Micronucleus assay by cytokinesis-block (CBMN assay)
Statistical analysis
Results
Test | Sample | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HRCH 1 | HRCH 2 | HRCH 3 | HRCH 4 | HRCH 5 | HRCH 6 | HRCH 7 | HRCH 8 | HRCH 9 | |
Proteins | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Carbohydrates | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Fats | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Alkaloids | + | – | – | ++ | – | + | ++ | ++ | ++ |
Terpenoids-Steroids | – | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + |
Flavonoids | – | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + |
Saponnins | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + |
Quinones | + | + | + | + | + | + | – | – | + |
Tanninsa
| – | – | – | – | + | – | – | + | – |
Sample | TPC | DPPH | FRAP |
---|---|---|---|
mg GAE·g−1
| TEACa μmol TE·g−1
| TEACa μmol TE·g−1
| |
HRCH 1 | 106.39 ± 0.1 | 1382.18 ± 27.7 | 71.35 ± 3.1 |
HRCH 2 | 147.32 ± 1.1 | 1126.91 ± 43.3 | 105.51 ± 1.9 |
HRCH 3 | 143.40 ± 2.3 | 999.64 ± 32.0 | 101.65 ± 0.4 |
HRCH 4 | 128.39 ± 2.2 | 230.96 ± 11.8 | 85.59 ± 2.0 |
HRCH 5 | 136.80 ± 2.2 | 858.33 ± 37.9 | 96.82 ± 0.6 |
HRCH 6 | 143.03 ± 1.1 | 584.23 ± 1.3 | 103.23 ± 0.9 |
HRCH 7 | 138.17 ± 2.3 | 1092.36 ± 69.1 | 99.66 ± 6.9 |
HRCH 8 | 147.31 ± 2.2 | 1109.79 ± 31.9 | 110.34 ± 1.4 |
HRCH 9 | 130.33 ± 1.1 | 919.64 ± 46.6 | 86.21 ± 1.3 |
Percentages of inhibition ± (SEM) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tumor human | Immortalized cell | Normal Human cell | |||||
Lung | Astrocytoma | Breast | Prostate | Colon | |||
Sample | A-549 | D-384 | MCF-7 | PC-3 | RKO | CHO-K1 | PBL |
HRCH 1 | 1.7 ± 1.2 | 36.7 ± 4.0 (***)
| 5.1 ± 1.0 | 14.7 ± 5.4 | 2.8 ± 0.7 | N.A. | N.A. |
HRCH 2 | 1.9 ± 2.1 | 40.8 ± 14.3 (***)
| 7.1 ± 1.3(*)
| 26.9 ± 6.6 (**)
| 3.9 ± 2.12 | N.A. | N.A. |
HRCH 3 | 1.6 ± 0.5 | 3.3 ± 1.6 | 0.3 ± 1.7 | N.A. | 0.4 ± 1.3 | N.A. | N.A. |
HRCH 4 | N.A. | 2.0 ± 1.7 | 2.7 ± 1.8 | N.A. | N.A. | N.A. | N.A. |
HRCH 5 | N.A. | 2.5 ± 1.7 | 4.6 ± 1.7 | N.A. | N.A. | N.A. | N.A. |
HRCH 6 | 2.4 ± 4.6 | N.A. | 0.2 ± 1.2 | N.A. | N.A. | 3.0 ± 0.3 | N.A. |
HRCH 7 | N.A. | 30.0 ± 0.7 (***)
| N.A | N.A. | 4.1 ± 2.2(*)
| N.A. | N.A. |
HRCH 8 | 5.1 ± 12 | 32.6 ± 5.0 (***)
| 6.9 ± 0.08(*)
| N.A. | 0.5 ± 1.5 | N.A. | N.A. |
HRCH 9 | 4.4 ± 4.7 | 60.7 ± 0.04 (***)
| 0.7 ± 0.2 | 2.2 ± 9.6 | N.A. | N.A. | N.A. |
Doxorubicin (0.5 μM) | 86.9 ± 6.2(***)
| 76.1 ± 2.6(***)
| 59.1 ± 7.4(***)
| 71.5 ± 1.5(***)
| 53.4 ± 3.6(***) | 8.5 ± 0.3 | N.A |
Sample | IC50 ± SEM μg/ml |
---|---|
Astrocytoma (D-384) | |
HRCH 1 | 74.2 ± 0.7 |
HRCH 2 | 98.7 ± 7.4 |
HRCH 7 | 71.6 ± 1.8 |
HRCH 8 | 122.7 ± 4.3 |
HRCH 9 | 41.5 ± 6.2 |
Doxorubicin | 0.1 ± 0.2 |