Background
Methods
Study setting and subjects
Study design
Diet and nutritional supplement
Total | Per | % | |
---|---|---|---|
Intakesa
| 100 kcal | Coverageb
| |
Macronutrients | |||
Energy kcal | 567.7 | - | 25.3 |
Protein (g) | 14.2 | 2.5 | 27.9 |
Carbohydrate (g) | 49.3 | 8.7 | 37.9 |
Lipids (g) | 35.8 | 6.3 | 130.1 |
Vitamins | |||
Vitamin A (μg) | 910 | 160.3 | 132 |
Vitamin D (μg) | 16 | 2.8 | 320 |
Vitamin E (mg) | 20.0 | 3.5 | 133.4 |
Vitamin C (mg) | 53 | 9.3 | 177.7 |
Vitamin B1 (mg) | 0.6 | 0.1 | 53.0 |
Vitamin B2 (mg) | 1.8 | 0.3 | 150 |
Vitamin B6 (mg) | 0.6 | 0.1 | 47.7 |
Vitamin B12 (μg) | 1.8 | 0.3 | 75 |
Vitamin K (μg) | 21 | 3.7 | 35 |
Biotin (μg) | 65 | 11.4 | 216.7 |
Folic Acid (μg) | 211.8 | 37.3 | 53.0 |
Pantothenic acid (mg) | 3.1 | 0.5 | 62 |
Niacin (mg) | 5.3 | 0.9 | 35.3 |
Minerals | |||
Calcium (mg) | 320.9 | 56.5 | 32.1 |
Phosphorus (mg) | 403.3 | 71.0 | 57.6 |
Potassium (mg) | 1119.9 | 197.3 | 23.8 |
Magnesium (mg) | 95.2 | 16.8 | 39.7 |
Zinc (mg) | 7c
| 1.2 | 194 |
Copper (mg) | 1.8 | 0.3 | 89 |
Iron (mg) | 0.6d
| 0.1 | 6.2 |
Iodine (μg) | 110 | 19.4 | 73.3 |
Sodium (mg) | 189.4 | 33.4 | 12.6 |
Selenium (μg) | 30 | 5.3 | 100 |
Dietary assessment
Anthropometry
Body composition
Blood sampling and analysis
Statistical analysis
Results
Clinical and nutritional characteristics
Groups | |||
---|---|---|---|
Control (n = 25) | RUTF (n = 26) |
p
| |
Age (y) | 42 ± 12 | 40 ± 12 | 0.800 |
Female, % (n) | 52 (22) | 86 (13) | 0.090 |
HIV-1, % (n) | 84 (21) | 92 (24) | 0.874 |
ART, % (n) | 76 (19) | 73 (19) | 1.000 |
CD4 count), | 128 ± 148 | 109 ± 165 | 0.082 |
<200 cells/μL, % (n) | 84 (19) | 81.7 (21) | 0.725. |
Weight (kg) | 51.4 ± 9.8 | 47.1 ± 9.4 | 0.121 |
Height (m) | 1.72 ± 0.08 | 1.66 ± 0.50 | 0.006 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 17.5 ± 0.6 | 16.7 ± 0.6 | 0.711 |
< 16 kg/m
2
, % (n)
| 24 (8) | 34 (11) | 0.886 |
TBW (kg) | 8.1 ± 2.7 | 7.7 ± 2.8 | 0.121 |
FFM (kg) | 11.1 ± 0.4 | 10.6 ± 0.4 | 0.121 |
BF (kg) | 39.4 ± 1.2 | 37.8 ± 1.2 | 0.651 |
% BF | 78.0 | 78.2 | 0.789 |
Zinc (μg/dL) | 68.1 ± 29.8 | 68.7 ± 32.4 | 0.992 |
Zinc deficiency, % (n) | 64 (16) | 54 (14) | 0.765 |
Hb (μg/dL) | 8.5 ± 2.0 | 8.4 ± 2.2 | 0.084 |
Anemia, % (n) | 96 (24) | 92 (24) | 1.000 |
Chronic infection, % (n) | 32 (8) | 31 (8) | 1.000 |
Sex | RDAa
| Groups | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Control | RUTF | |||||
Intakes | % coverage | Intakesb
| % coverage | |||
Energy(kcal) | Women | 2100c
| 1526 | 73 | 2108 | 100 |
Men | 2520c
| 1946 | 77 | 2186 | 87 | |
Vitamin A (μg) | Women | 500 | 534.7 | 107 | 1858 | 372 |
Men | 600 | 1561 | 260 | 1828 | 307 | |
Zinc (mg)d
| Women | 4.9 | 3.0 | 61 | 10.4 | 212 |
Men | 7 | 3.4 | 49 | 10.6 | 151 | |
Iron (mg)e
| Women | 19.6 | 1.8 | 9 | 2.0 | 10 |
Men | 9.1 | 2.3 | 25 | 2.9 | 32 |
Dietary intakes
Effect of the supplement on body composition
Baseline | Discharge from hospital | 9 weeks | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Control (n = 25) | RUTF (n = 26) |
p
| Control (n = 25) | RUTF (n = 26) |
p
| Control (n = 17) | RUTF (n = 20) |
p
| |
Weight (kg) | 51.4 ± 9.8 | 47.1 ± 9.4a
| 0.121 | 50.5 ± 9.6 | 49.3 ± 9.1 | 0.651 | 49.7 ± 8.6 | 54.2 ± 8.9b
| 0.009 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 17.5 ± 0.6 | 16.7 ± 0.6a
| 0.711 | 17.3 ± 0.6 | 17.6 ± 0.6 | 0.445 | 16.6 ± 0.7 | 19.3 ± 0.6b
| 0.009 |
TBW (kg) | 8.1 ± 2.7 | 7.7 ± 2.8a
| 0.121 | 7.9 ± 0.3 | 8.1 ± 0.3 | 0.650 | 7.7 ± 0.3 | 8.9 ± 0.3b
| 0.011 |
FFM (kg) | 11.1 ± 0.4 | 10.6 ± 0.4a
| 0.121 | 10.8 ± 0.4 | 11.1 ± 0.4 | 0.650 | 10.5 ± 0.5 | 12.3 ± 0.4b
| 0.011 |
BF (kg) | 39.4 ± 1.2 | 37.8 ± 1.2a
| 0.651 | 38.5 ± 1.4 | 39.4 ± 1.4 | 0.651 | 37.5 ± 1.5 | 43.4 ± 1.4b
| 0.009 |
% BF | 78.0 | 78.2a
| 0.789 | 78.1 | 78.1 | 1.000 | 78.1 | 77.9b
| 0.888 |
Zinc (μg/dL) | 68.1 ± 29.8 | 68.7 ± 32.4 | 0.992 | 72.6 ± 41.3 | 59.0 ± 24.2 | 0.220 | 71.6 ± 19.4 | 74.3 ± 45.3 | 0.811 |
Zinc deficiency, % (n) | 64 (16) | 54 (14) | 0.765 | 44 (11) | 65 (17) | 0.187 | 41 (7) | 65 (13) | 0.147 |
Hb (μg/dL) | 8.5 ± 2.0d
| 8.4 ± 2.2a
| 0.844 | 9.7 ± 1.7 | 9.9 ± 1.9b
| 0.649 | 10.0 ± 1.7e
| 11.8 ± 1.5c
| 0.002 |
Anemia, % (n) | 96 (24) | 92 (24)a
| 1.000 | 88 (21) | 77 (20) | 0.502 | 94 (16) | 50 (10)b
| 0.003 |