Background
Methods
Experimental animal model
Blood chemistry
Conventional echocardiography
Ultrastructure analysis using transmission electron microscopy (TEM)
Quantification of interstitial fibrosis and immunostaining
Cell culture and transfection
Reverse transcription (RT)-PCR and real-time PCR
Western blot analysis
Statistical analysis
Results
Metabolic parameters of animal models at baseline and 8 weeks follow-up
Control | Diabetes | Diabetes+dapa | |
---|---|---|---|
Baseline | |||
Body weight, kg | 3.3 ± 0.1 | 3.3 ± 0.1 | 3.4 ± 0.1 |
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 29.8 ± 3.1 | 32.3 ± 4.1 | 27.9 ± 2.5 |
Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 42.3 ± 5.9 | 38.2 ± 4.6 | 36.9 ± 5.9 |
High-density lipoprotein (mg/dL) | 13.9 ± 2.2 | 14.8 ± 2.5 | 12.9 ± 1.9 |
Low-density lipoprotein (mg/dL) | 7.4 ± 1.5 | 9.9 ± 3.0 | 7.6 ± 1.1 |
FBG (mg/dL) | 133 ± 8 | 427 ± 36*** | 441 ± 38*** |
At 8 week follow-up | |||
Body weight, kg | 3.6 ± 0.1 | 3.5 ± 0.2 | 3.8 ± 0.1 |
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 268 ± 42 | 645 ± 34*** | 266 ± 27††† |
Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 91.4 ± 32.6 | 669 ± 161*** | 138 ± 35†† |
High-density lipoprotein (mg/dL) | 40.6 ± 2.5 | 26.1 ± 2.4*** | 25.7 ± 2.9*** |
Low-density lipoprotein (mg/dL) | 209 ± 36 | 486 ± 34*** | 213 ± 21††† |
FBG (mg/dL) | 136 ± 4 | 445 ± 48*** | 251 ± 36*,† |
Attenuation of LV diastolic dysfunction in diabetes+dapa group
Control | Diabetes | Diabetes+dapa | |
---|---|---|---|
LAD, mm | 8.8 ± 0.3 | 9.9 ± 0.4 | 9.4 ± 0.3 |
LVEDD, mm | 14.4 ± 0.7 | 14.6 ± 0.7 | 14.3 ± 0.8 |
LVESD, mm | 9.2 ± 0.6 | 9.3 ± 0.4 | 9.4 ± 0.3 |
IVSd, mm | 3.6 ± 0.2 | 3.5 ± 0.3 | 3.6 ± 0.3 |
PWd, mm | 3.2 ± 0.1 | 3.5 ± 0.3 | 3.7 ± 0.2 |
LVEF (%) | 69 ± 2 | 72 ± 1 | 73 ± 1.6 |
LVFS (%) | 36 ± 2 | 38 ± 1 | 39 ± 1.3 |
E, cm/s | 61 ± 4 | 69 ± 10 | 67 ± 5.1 |
A, cm/s | 34 ± 3 | 59 ± 7 | 45 ± 5.7 |
Septal e′, cm/s | 9.6 ± 0.4 | 5.6 ± 0.7* | 9.6 ± 0.6† |
Lateral e′, cm/s | 13.2 ± 1.0 | 8.2 ± 1.9* | 13.1 ± 0.5† |
E/septal e′ | 6.6 ± 0.6 | 12.9 ± 1.6* | 7.2 ± 0.6† |