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Erschienen in: Medizinische Klinik - Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin 5/2014

01.06.2014 | CME Zertifizierte Fortbildung

Das akute Aortensyndrom

verfasst von: PD Dr. S. Semsroth, J. Dumfarth, T. Schachner, M. Grimm, H. Domanovits

Erschienen in: Medizinische Klinik - Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin | Ausgabe 5/2014

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Zusammenfassung

Das akute Aortensyndrom (AAS) stellt eine lebensbedrohende Erkrankung dar. Entscheidend ist eine schnelle und genaue Diagnosestellung. Die Patienten sollten unverzüglich schon bei Verdacht auf ein AAS in ein Kompetenzzentrum verlegt werden. Plötzlich einsetzende reißende Brustschmerzen, ein verbreitertes Mediastinum in der Thoraxröntgenaufnahme und Puls-/Blutdruckunterschiede weisen auf eine Aortendissektion hin. Zur Diagnostik ist die Computertomographie Mittel der Wahl, alternativ kann bei hämodynamisch instabilen Patienten der Echokardiographie der Vorzug gegeben werden. Innerhalb der ersten Tage geht das AAS mit einer sehr hohen Mortalität einher. Bei allen Patienten mit AAS sollte daher dringend ein chirurgisches Konsil veranlasst werden. Die anfängliche medikamentöse Therapie zielt auf Schmerzlinderung und Senkung der Aortenwandbelastung ab. Bei einer Aortendissektion unter Beteiligung der Aorta ascendens sollte direkt operiert werden. Ist die Aortendissektion auf die Aorta descendens oder thoracoabdominalis begrenzt, sollte initial medikamentös therapiert werden. Treten jedoch Komplikationen auf, wird eine endovaskuläre Behandlung empfohlen. Ein symptomatisches intramurales Hämatom, ein penetrierendes atherosklerotisches Ulkus oder eine drohende Aortenruptur gehen mit einem erheblichen Risiko einher. Daher gilt hier die Empfehlung einer chirurgischen oder endovaskulären Therapie.
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Metadaten
Titel
Das akute Aortensyndrom
verfasst von
PD Dr. S. Semsroth
J. Dumfarth
T. Schachner
M. Grimm
H. Domanovits
Publikationsdatum
01.06.2014
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Medizinische Klinik - Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin / Ausgabe 5/2014
Print ISSN: 2193-6218
Elektronische ISSN: 2193-6226
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00063-014-0391-y

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