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01.11.2003 | Leitthema

Das trockene Auge als komplexe Fehlregulation der funktionellen Anatomie der Augenoberfläche

Neue Impulse zum Verständnis des trockenen Auges

verfasst von: E. Knop, N. Knop, H. Brewitt

Erschienen in: Die Ophthalmologie | Ausgabe 11/2003

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Das trockene Auge ist eine Störung des Tränenfilms, die zu Epithelschäden und einer Veränderung der normalen Homöostase an der Augenoberfläche führt.

Methoden

Es wurde ein Review der Literatur durchgeführt, um verschiedene Konzepte zum Verständnis des trockenen Auges zu vergleichen und mit einem Fokus auf Mechanismen der integrierenden funktionellen Anatomie der Augenoberfläche.

Ergebnisse

Das Verständnis der Pathogenese des trockenen Auges hat sich entwickelt von der alleinigen Erkenntnis eines zugrunde liegenden Tränenmangels über die Betrachtung der Tränenqualität bis zum Konzept der Benetzbarkeit der Augenoberfläche. Allerdings tragen zahlreiche weitere Aspekte wie die Differenzierung des Oberflächenepithels, Innervation, Hormonstatus oder Immunprotektion zur intakten funktionellen Anatomie der Augenoberfläche bei. Es mehren sich Hinweise, dass immunologisch gesteuerte Entzündungsvorgänge einen wichtigen primären oder sekundären pathogenetischen Faktor darstellen. Dies kann vermutlich durch die Zellen des physiologischen Schleimhautimmunsystems (Augen-assoziiertes lymphatisches Gewebe, EALT) reguliert werden. Androgene sind ein wichtiger trophischer Faktor für die Integrität der Augenoberfläche, und ihr Mangel prädisponiert zur Entwicklung von Entzündungen.

Schlussfolgerung

Das trockene Auge repräsentiert eine komplexe Fehlregulation der funktionellen Anatomie der Augenoberfläche, die von verschiedenen Ursachen ausgehen kann. Eine entstehende immunregulierte Entzündung kann diese Pathomechanismen verknüpfen und im Sinne eines Circulus vitiosus negativ verstärken.
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Metadaten
Titel
Das trockene Auge als komplexe Fehlregulation der funktionellen Anatomie der Augenoberfläche
Neue Impulse zum Verständnis des trockenen Auges
verfasst von
E. Knop
N. Knop
H. Brewitt
Publikationsdatum
01.11.2003
Verlag
Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in
Die Ophthalmologie / Ausgabe 11/2003
Print ISSN: 2731-720X
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7218
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00347-003-0935-7

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