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Erschienen in: Allergo Journal 4/2022

20.06.2022 | Asthma bronchiale | Übersicht

One Health: Flächen im Lebensumfeld von Mensch und Tier und ihre Auswirkungen auf Allergie und Asthma

verfasst von: Katharina Zednik, Isabella Pali-Schöll

Erschienen in: Allergo Journal | Ausgabe 4/2022

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund: In einer Welt mit rapide ansteigender Urbanisierung und dem Verlust von Natürlichkeit und Biodiversität stellt sich die Frage, inwiefern unsere Umgebung die Gesundheit von Mensch und Tier beeinflusst. Auch die Prävalenz von Atemwegserkrankungen wie Asthma sowie Allergien stiegen in den letzten Jahrzehnten stark an. Dabei scheint eine direkte Verbindung zwischen der Gesundheit des Menschen und dessen Umgebung plausibel.
Ergebnisse: Neueste Studien weisen darauf hin, dass der Aufenthalt und der Kontakt mit natürlicher Umgebung wie Grünflächen und der damit verbundenen Böden für unsere Gesundheit von großer Relevanz sind. Grünflächen in der Wohn- und Schulumgebung von Kindern und Erwachsenen können zur Reduktion von Asthma und Allergien beitragen, hier scheint vor allem die Anzahl und Struktur der Grünflächen entscheidend. Auch Hausgärten und regelmäßiger Kontakt zu Tieren könnten das Risiko von asthmatischen und allergischen Erkrankungen vermindern.
Im Gegensatz dazu dürften die immer mehr werdenden Grauflächen (Straßen, Autobahnen, Baustellen etc.) das Asthma- und Allergierisiko steigern. Bei Blauflächen (Flüsse, Seen, Meer) konnte bis dato keine Korrelation mit atopischen Erkrankungen festgestellt werden.
Fazit: Biodiverse Grünflächen, allen voran Wälder und Wiesen, können womöglich einen gewissen Schutz vor Asthma und Allergien bieten. Auch der Kontakt mit Erde und Boden scheint besonders im Kindesalter wichtig für das diverse Hautmikrobiom und damit vermutlich vorteilhaft für das Immunsystem. Daher sollten sich Kinder, Erwachsene und ihre besten Freunde, die Hunde, trotz oder gerade wegen der rasch voranschreitenden Urbanisierung ausreichend in begrünter, biodiverser Umgebung aufhalten und diese auch in ihrem engeren Wohnumfeld aktiv schaffen. Auf breiterer Ebene müssen im Sinne des One-Health-Konzeptes Verantwortliche der Städte- und Verkehrsplanung diesen Zusammenhang berücksichtigen.
Zitierweise: Zednik K, Pali-Schöll I. One Health: areas in the living environment of people and animals and their effects on allergy and asthma. Allergo J Int 2022;31:103-13
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Metadaten
Titel
One Health: Flächen im Lebensumfeld von Mensch und Tier und ihre Auswirkungen auf Allergie und Asthma
verfasst von
Katharina Zednik
Isabella Pali-Schöll
Publikationsdatum
20.06.2022
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
Allergo Journal / Ausgabe 4/2022
Print ISSN: 0941-8849
Elektronische ISSN: 2195-6405
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s15007-022-5015-x

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