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Erschienen in: best practice onkologie 4/2023

13.04.2023 | Antiemetische Therapie | CME

Chemotherapieinduzierte Nausea und Emesis

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. Meinolf Karthaus

Erschienen in: best practice onkologie | Ausgabe 4/2023

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Zusammenfassung

Die durch eine Chemotherapie induzierte Nausea und das nachfolgende Erbrechen (CINV) sind belastende Nebenwirkungen einer Krebsbehandlung. Die CINV hat einen erheblichen Einfluss auf die Lebensqualität von Patienten. Durch nachfolgende Flüssigkeits- und Elektrolytverluste kann es zu einer Beeinträchtigung der Nierenfunktion oder einem Gewichtsverlust kommen, was ein Grund für eine Krankenhausaufnahme sein kann. Führt die CINV in weiterer Folge zu einem antizipatorischen Erbrechen, ist die Prophylaxe der CINV und die weitere Chemotherapie erschwert, was eine Fortsetzung der Krebstherapie gefährden kann. Die Einführung von hochdosiertem Dexamethason sowie von 5‑HT3- und NK1-Rezeptorantagonisten hat seit den 1990er-Jahren zu einer deutlichen Verbesserung in der Prophylaxe der CINV beigetragen. Empfehlungen zur Prophylaxe der CINV finden sich in Leitlinien. Die Einhaltung der Leitlinien führt zu einem besseren Outcome.
Fußnoten
1
HEC = hoch emetogene Chemotherapie.
 
2
MEC = moderat emetogene Chemotherapie.
 
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Metadaten
Titel
Chemotherapieinduzierte Nausea und Emesis
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. Meinolf Karthaus
Publikationsdatum
13.04.2023

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