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Erschienen in: Die Chirurgie 7/2022

13.06.2022 | Zytostatische Therapie | Leitthema

Cholangiokarzinome – intrahepatisches bis hiläres Gallengangkarzinom

verfasst von: Sebastian Rademacher, Timm Denecke, Thomas Berg, Univ. Prof. Dr. Daniel Seehofer

Erschienen in: Die Chirurgie | Ausgabe 7/2022

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Neben konditionierenden Maßnahmen in der Leberchirurgie gewinnt bei Cholangiokarzinomen (CCA) auch die perioperative antitumorale Therapie zunehmend an Bedeutung.

Ziel der Arbeit

Systematische Übersichtsarbeit zum Stand der multimodalen und insbesondere neoadjuvanten Therapie bei CCA.

Material und Methoden

Literaturübersicht über die aktuellen wissenschaftlichen Original- und Übersichtsarbeiten.

Ergebnisse

Eine Resektion und selten auch eine Lebertransplantation stellen weiterhin die einzigen kurativen Therapieansätze von CCA im nichtfernmetastasierten Stadium dar. Allerdings sind die Langzeitergebnisse z. B. bei nodal positiven Tumoren weiterhin unbefriedigend. Eine adjuvante Chemotherapie gehört heute zum Standard, ist aber bei vielen Patienten nicht umsetzbar. Neoadjuvante Konzepte beinhalten Chemotherapie und lokale/lokoregionäre Verfahren, wie z. B. die Radioembolisation. Beides findet beim intrahepatischen Cholangiokarzinom (iCCA) zunehmend Anwendung, bei perihilären Cholangiokarzinom (pCCA) dagegen nur selten. Erste Daten belegen beim iCCA eine gute Effektivität dieser Verfahren, um in primär inoperablen Fällen eine sekundäre Operabilität zu erreichen. Daneben erscheint aufgrund der aktuelle Datenlage auch bei operablen iCCA und hohem Rezidivrisiko (z. B. Lymphknotenmetastasen) eine neoadjuvante Therapie gerechtfertigt.

Diskussion

Bei CCA besteht ein großes Potenzial für den Einsatz multimodaler Therapien, das sich in den nächsten Jahren durch neue Therapeutika weiter vergrößern könnte. Allerdings können aufgrund fehlender Evidenz noch keine klaren Empfehlungen ausgesprochen werden. Es zeichnet sich jedoch ab, dass eine neoadjuvante Therapie beim iCCA an Bedeutung gewinnt und bei hohem Rezidivrisiko bereits im Rahmen individueller Therapiekonzepte zunehmend eingesetzt wird.
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Metadaten
Titel
Cholangiokarzinome – intrahepatisches bis hiläres Gallengangkarzinom
verfasst von
Sebastian Rademacher
Timm Denecke
Thomas Berg
Univ. Prof. Dr. Daniel Seehofer
Publikationsdatum
13.06.2022
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
Die Chirurgie / Ausgabe 7/2022
Print ISSN: 2731-6971
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-698X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00104-022-01660-5

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Dr. med. Benjamin Meyknecht, PD Dr. med. Oliver Pieske Das Webinar S2e-Leitlinie „Distale Radiusfraktur“ beschäftigt sich mit Fragen und Antworten zu Diagnostik und Klassifikation sowie Möglichkeiten des Ausschlusses von Zusatzverletzungen. Die Referenten erläutern, welche Frakturen konservativ behandelt werden können und wie. Das Webinar beantwortet die Frage nach aktuellen operativen Therapiekonzepten: Welcher Zugang, welches Osteosynthesematerial? Auf was muss bei der Nachbehandlung der distalen Radiusfraktur geachtet werden?

PD Dr. med. Oliver Pieske
Dr. med. Benjamin Meyknecht
Berufsverband der Deutschen Chirurgie e.V.

S1-Leitlinie „Empfehlungen zur Therapie der akuten Appendizitis bei Erwachsenen“

CME: 2 Punkte

Dr. med. Mihailo Andric
Inhalte des Webinars zur S1-Leitlinie „Empfehlungen zur Therapie der akuten Appendizitis bei Erwachsenen“ sind die Darstellung des Projektes und des Erstellungswegs zur S1-Leitlinie, die Erläuterung der klinischen Relevanz der Klassifikation EAES 2015, die wissenschaftliche Begründung der wichtigsten Empfehlungen und die Darstellung stadiengerechter Therapieoptionen.

Dr. med. Mihailo Andric
Berufsverband der Deutschen Chirurgie e.V.