Introduction
Mechanisms of Cardiac Damage From SARS-CoV-2
Identifying Cardiovascular Damage From SARS-CoV-2
Outcomes of Patients With COVID-19 and Cardiovascular Involvement
Collateral Cardiovascular Damage of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Assessment of Cardiovascular Damage: How and When
Temporal Link Between COVID-19 Vaccination and Cardiovascular Damage
Clinical Management of Cardiovascular Damage
Type of cardiovascular damage | Clinical implications | Clinical management |
---|---|---|
Troponin elevation | Higher risk of in-hospital complications and in-hospital death | Closer monitoring, higher intensity of care |
Natriuretic peptides elevation | Higher risk of in-hospital complications and in-hospital death, possible acute heart failure | Monitoring of acute fluid retention and eventual targeted therapy |
LV systolic dysfunction | Higher risk of in-hospital complications and in-hospital death, possible incidence of cardiac death | Closer monitoring, higher intensity of care, evaluation of the underlying etiology |
Pulmonary embolism | Higher risk of in-hospital death | Specific therapy for pulmonary embolism, higher intensity of care |
Arrhythmias | Higher risk of in-hospital death, possible incidence of thromboembolism | Specific therapy for cardiac arrhythmias |
Post-COVID subtle cardiac dysfunction | Unknown | Needing for further research on these patients |