Background
Methods
Patient selection and classification
Statistical analyses
Results
Characteristics | Patients with hypertension (N = 75,527) | All patients (N = 234,427) |
---|---|---|
Median age (interquartile rage)- yr. | 68 (23) | 45 (35) |
Female sex – no. (%) | 35,761 (47.3) | 122,480 (52.2) |
Confirmed COVID-19- no. (%) | 1911 (2.5) | 7590 (3.2) |
Diabetes mellitus- no. (%) | 44,441 (58.8) | 62,655 (26.7) |
Cardiovascular disease- no. (%) | 4705 (6.2) | 5038 (2.1) |
Cerebrovascular disease- no. (%) | 14,503 (19.2) | 17,519 (7.5) |
Ischemic heart disease- no. (%) | 12,122 (16) | 14,191 (6.1) |
COPD- no. (%) | 4871 (6.4) | 6612 (2.8) |
Malignancy- no. (%) | 14,368 (19) | 24,628 (10.5) |
Renal replacement therapy- no. (%) | 4338 (5.7) | 4525 (1.9) |
ACEIs or ARBs- no. (%) | 13,116 (17.4) | 13,240 (5.6) |
COVID-19 (−) | COVID-19 (+) | Difference (95% CI) | |
---|---|---|---|
Age | 80.6791*** | ||
< 60 | 22,850 (0.97) | 665 (0.03) | |
61–69 | 15,609 (0.97) | 514 (0.03) | |
70–79 | 17,899 (0.98) | 418 (0.02) | |
≥ 80 | 17,258 (0.98) | 314 (0.02) | |
Sex | 56.6345*** | ||
Male | 38,922 (0.98) | 844 (0.02) | |
Female | 34,694 (0.97) | 1067 (0.03) | |
Diabetes Mellitus | 29.5498*** | ||
Yes | 30,184 (0.97) | 902 (0.03) | |
No | 43,432 (0.98) | 1009 (0.02) | |
Cardiovascular disease | 2.9933 | ||
Yes | 69,012 (0.97) | 1810 (0.03) | |
No | 4604 (0.98) | 101 (0.02) | |
Cerebrovascular disease | 26.7711*** | ||
Yes | 59,392 (0.97) | 1632 (0.03) | |
No | 14,224 (0.98) | 279 (0.02) | |
Ischemic heart disease | 52.4329*** | ||
Yes | 61,686 (0.97) | 1719 (0.03) | |
No | 11,930 (0.98) | 192 (0.02) | |
COPD | 53.0971*** | ||
Yes | 68,791 (0.97) | 1865 (0.03) | |
No | 4825 (0.99) | 46 (0.01) | |
Malignancy | 180.4433*** | ||
Yes | 59,384 (0.97) | 1775 (0.03) | |
No | 14,232 (0.99) | 136 (0.01) | |
Renal replacement therapy | 74.6484*** | ||
Yes | 69,301 (0.97) | 1888 (0.03) | |
No | 4315 (0.99) | 23 (0.01) | |
ACEIs or ARBs | 0.0028 | ||
Yes | 12,785 (0.97) | 331 (0.03) | |
No | 60,831 (0.97) | 1580 (0.03) |
COVID − 19 (+) | Difference (95% CI) | |
---|---|---|
ACEIs or ARBs | 1.01 (0.89–1.13) | 0.9345 |
61–69 | 1.36 (1.2–1.53) | <.0001 |
70–79 | 1.03 (0.91–1.18) | 0.3633 |
≥80 | 0.7 (0.6–0.8) | <.0001 |
Female | 1.33 (1.21–1.46) | <.0001 |
Diabetes mellitus | 0.92 (0.84–1.01) | 0.0739 |
Cardiovascular disease | 0.89 (0.73–1.09) | 0.2599 |
Cerebrovascular disease | 0.76 (0.67–0.87) | <.0001 |
Ischemic heart disease | 0.65 (0.55–0.75) | <.0001 |
COPD | 0.43 (0.32–0.58) | <.0001 |
Malignancy | 0.31 (0.26–0.37) | <.0001 |
Renal replacement therapy | 0.19 (0.13–0.29) | <.0001 |
Room air | O2 supply | MV | ECMO | Death | Difference (95% CI) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | 335.0999*** | |||||
< 60 | 579 (0.87) | 72 (0.11) | 4 (0.01) | 1 (0) | 9 (0.01) | |
61–69 | 363 (0.71) | 115 (0.22) | 10 (0.02) | 3 (0.01) | 23 (0.04) | |
70–79 | 246 (0.59) | 113 (0.27) | 6 (0.01) | 1 (0) | 52 (0.12) | |
≥ 80 | 134 (0.43) | 78 (0.25) | 4 (0.01) | 1 (0) | 97 (0.31) | |
Sex | 6.3159 | |||||
male | 562 (0.67) | 174 (0.21) | 13 (0.02) | 3 (0) | 92 (0.11) | |
female | 760 (0.71) | 204 (0.19) | 11 (0.01) | 3 (0) | 89 (0.08) | |
Diabetes mellitus | 40.4894*** | |||||
No | 683 (0.76) | 151 (0.17) | 11 (0.01) | 3 (0) | 54 (0.06) | |
yes | 639 (0.63) | 227 (0.22) | 13 (0.01) | 3 (0) | 127 (0.13) | |
Cardiovascular disease | 1.1868 | |||||
No | 1255 (0.69) | 357 (0.2) | 22 (0.01) | 6 (0) | 170 (0.09) | |
Yes | 67 (0.66) | 21 (0.21) | 2 (0.02) | 0 (0) | 11 (0.11) | |
Cerebrovascular disease | 24.6214*** | |||||
No | 1158 (0.71) | 309 (0.19) | 22 (0.01) | 6 (0) | 137 (0.08) | |
Yes | 164 (0.59) | 69 (0.25) | 2 (0.01) | 0 (0) | 44 (0.16) | |
Ischemic heart disease | 8.4676 | |||||
No | 1204 (0.7) | 334 (0.19) | 20 (0.01) | 6 (0) | 155 (0.09) | |
Yes | 118 (0.61) | 44 (0.23) | 4 (0.02) | 0 (0) | 26 (0.14) | |
COPD | 12.8381* | |||||
No | 1300 (0.7) | 363 (0.19) | 24 (0.01) | 6 (0) | 172 (0.09) | |
Yes | 22 (0.48) | 15 (0.33) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 9 (0.2) | |
Malignancy | 11.4142* | |||||
No | 1241 (0.7) | 348 (0.2) | 22 (0.01) | 6 (0) | 158 (0.09) | |
Yes | 81 (0.6) | 30 (0.22) | 2 (0.01) | 0 (0) | 23 (0.17) | |
Renal replacement therapy | 18.3735*** | |||||
No | 1315 (0.7) | 367 (0.19) | 24 (0.01) | 6 (0) | 176 (0.09) | |
Yes | 7 (0.3) | 11 (0.48) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 5 (0.22) | |
ARB/ACEI use before COVID-19 diagnosis | 0.5448 | |||||
No | 1094 (0.69) | 310 (0.2) | 19 (0.01) | 5 (0) | 152 (0.1) | |
Yes | 228 (0.69) | 68 (0.21) | 5 (0.02) | 1 (0) | 29 (0.09) | |
ARB/ACEI use after COVID-19 diagnosis | 8.7247 | |||||
No | 1259 (0.6) | 355 (0.2) | 21 (0.01) | 5 (0) | 177 (0.1) | |
Yes | 63 (0.67) | 23 (0.24) | 3 (0.03) | 1 (0.01) | 4 (0.04) |
Severity grade 1* | Severity grade 2† | Death‡ | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Odds Ratio | P | Odds Ratio | P | Odds Ratio | P | |
ARB/ACEI use before COVID- 19 diagnosis | 1.05 (0.79–1.39) | 0.759 | 0.99 (0.65–1.51) | 0.9556 | 1 (0.63–1.58) | 0.9851 |
ARB/ACEI use after COVID- 19 diagnosis | 1.35 (0.83–2.2) | 0.2206 | 0.92 (0.41–2.03) | 0.8279 | 0.5 (0.17–1.44) | 0.1978 |
Age group: 61–69 | 2.89 (2.13–3.93) | 0.0685 | 3.48 (1.84–6.58) | 0.0175 | 3.38 (1.53–7.46) | 0.0033 |
Age group: 70–79 | 4.76 (3.47–6.53) | 0.0002 | 7.48 (4.05–13.83) | 0.0045 | 9.99 (4.76–20.99) | 0.0008 |
Age group: ≥80 | 9.69 (6.9–13.59) | <.0001 | 24.66 (13.48–45.13) | <.0001 | 35.89 (17.31–74.43) | <.0001 |
Female | 0.66 (0.53–0.82) | 0.0001 | 0.52 (0.38–0.72) | <.0001 | 0.51 (0.36–0.73) | 0.0002 |
Diabetes mellitus | 1.46 (1.17–1.81) | 0.0007 | 1.63 (1.17–2.27) | 0.0038 | 1.79 (1.24–2.57) | 0.0018 |
Cardiovascular disease | 0.98 (0.62–1.56) | 0.9361 | 0.93 (0.48–1.78) | 0.8206 | 0.88 (0.43–1.77) | 0.7089 |
Cerebrovascular disease | 1.16 (0.87–1.54) | 0.3179 | 1.08 (0.73–1.58) | 0.7028 | 1.23 (0.82–1.84) | 0.3121 |
Ischemic heart disease | 0.99 (0.71–1.38) | 0.9361 | 0.97 (0.62–1.53) | 0.8956 | 0.93 (0.57–1.52) | 0.7828 |
COPD | 1.44 (0.76–2.69) | 0.2611 | 0.92 (0.41–2.05) | 0.8334 | 1.04 (0.46–2.34) | 0.9345 |
Malignancy | 1.17 (0.79–1.73) | 0.4253 | 1.36 (0.82–2.24) | 0.2299 | 1.45 (0.85–2.44) | 0.17 |
Renal replacement therapy | 9.99 (3.82–26.1) | <.0001 | 4.13 (1.31–13.02) | 0.0154 | 5.64 (1.71–18.58) | 0.0045 |